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Topic: TDMA

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Time division multiple access

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Global System for Mobile Communications

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	Time division multiple access - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		TDMA is also used extensively in satellite systems, local area networks, physical security systems, and combat-net radio systems.
		The name "TDMA" is also commonly used in America to refer to a specific second generation (2G) mobile phone standard, more properly referred to as IS-136 or D-AMPS, which uses the TDMA technique to timeshare the bandwidth of the carrier wave.
		TDMA is a type of Time-division multiplexing, with the special point that instead of having one transmitter connected to one receiver, there are multiple transmitters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/TDMA (908 words)

	Cellular Networking Perspectives: TDMA Digital
		Some of the challenges related to TDMA systems are voice quality (which has improved over time), interference with other electronic devices, such as hearing aids (due to regular fluctuations in signal strength) and the area covered (it becomes harder to keep three mobiles synchronized as their distance from the cellsite increases).
		TDMA, as defined in TIA IS-54, IS-136, and TIA/EIA-136 theoretically triples the capacity of cellular frequencies (the actual gain is between 2 and 3 times over analog), by dividing a 30 khz cellular channel into 3–8 kbps timeslots, which supports 3 users in strict alternation.
		The IS-136 TDMA digital cellular and PCS standard was described in the August and September, 1995 issues of Cellular Networking Perspectives.
	www.cnp-wireless.com /tdma.html (536 words)

	time division multiple access - a Whatis.com definition - see also: TDMA
		TDMA (time division multiple access) is a technology used in digital cellular telephone communication that divides each cellular channel into three time slots in order to increase the amount of data that can be carried.
		An alternative multiplexing scheme to FDMA with TDMA is CDMA (code division multiple access), which takes the entire allocated frequency range for a given service and multiplexes information for all users across the spectrum range at the same time.
		TDMA was first specified as a standard in EIA/TIA Interim Standard 54 (IS-54).
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,289893,sid9_gci214175,00.html (219 words)

	Time Division Multiple Access Solution TDMA VSAT Data Connectivity
		Time division multiple access (TDMA) is digital transmission technology that allows a number of users to access a single radio-frequency (RF) channel without interference by allocating unique time slots to each user within each channel.
		The TDMA system is designed for use in a range of environments and situations, from hand portable use in a downtown office to a mobile user traveling at high speed on the freeway.
		TDMA offers a flexible air interface, providing high performance with respect to capacity, coverage, and unlimited support of mobility and capability to handle different types of user needs.
	www.icces.com /tdma.htm (233 words)

	TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
		TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) is a digital mobile phone network that operates in the US, Latin America, New Zealand, parts of Russia and Asia Pacific.
		TDMA is also the name of a digital technology based on the IS -136 standard.
		TDMA is also used sometimes to refer specifically to the standard covered by IS-136, which is a source of confusion because GSM also uses a TDMA air interface, as does IDEN, and neither of those systems are compatible with IS-136.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/TDMA.asp (1154 words)

	TDMA -Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A tecnologia TDMA é usada em comunicação de telefones celulares digitais para dividir cada canal celular em três slots para aumentar a quantidade de dados transmitidos.
		TDMA oferece um grande número de vantagens sobre os outros padrões de tecnologia celular.
		Outro problema com o TDMA é a distorção de múltiplos caminhos, ou seja, um canal saindo de uma torre pode percorrer vários caminhos, se um caminho passa, por exemplo, por muitos prédios, antes de chegar ao seu destino, pode sofrer interferência.
	www.planetacelular.com.br /tdma.htm (479 words)

	21st-TDMA vs. CDMA
		TDMA was seen as a quick start technology because it already had an established market base in Europe; the TDMA-based GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) digital cellular system.
		TDMA was thus selected in 1989 as a digital cellular standard.
		However, TDMA's caller menage a trois was far less than the tenfold increase than was requested by the industry.
	www.vxm.com /21R.62.html (1271 words)

	GSM Technologies - TDMA - GSM - UMTS - CDMA
		By applying TDMA techniques, each of these carrier frequencies is further subdivided into time slots which provide each user with the carrier frequency for approximately 0.577ms.
		TDMA is short for Time Division Multiple Access, a technology for delivering digital wireless service using TDM (which itself is short for time-division multiplexing).
		TDMA, which is widely used in the US, South America and parts of theAsia Pacific region for wireless voice communications, supports a circuit-switched data rate of 9.6 kpbs, although no operator in the U.S. has deployed such service.
	www.techgsm.com /page/gsm-technologies/gsm-technologies-network-tdma-cdma-umts.html (3835 words)

	EE 4984 - CDMA versus TDMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		TDMA has been around for quite a while and has proven itself to be reliable technology capable of providing a large number of users with good quality service.
		A big advantage of the TDMA technology is that it was the scheme used in the Interim Standard 54, also known as United States Digital Cellular (USDC) or digital AMPS (D-AMPS), that served to make the transition to a digital system from the first-generation cellular analog AMPS system.
		In contrast, TDMA systems have remained as the sole multiple access scheme in only 3 of the top fourteen cellular providers, although one of these is AT&T Wireless, the largest cellular carrier at 78.757 million POPs.
	fiddle.visc.vt.edu /courses/ee4984/Projects1996/creque_richards.html (3069 words)

	CDMA FAQ: How is CDMA superior to TDMA? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		TDMA works by taking a channel with a fixed bandwidth and dividing it into time slots.
		In other words, when you're in a call with TDMA and being silent because you're listening to the other person speak, your phone still uses that full bandwidth to transmit silence.
		In both TDMA and CDMA, the outgoing voice traffic is digitized and compressed.
	home.san.rr.com /denbeste/cdmatdma.html (925 words)

	CDMA vs TDMA
		Once again, TDMA is only a method of transmitting bits, while IS-136 is a protocol that happens to employ TDMA.
		TDMA systems still rely on the switch to determine when to perform a handoff.
		The TDMA handset constantly monitors the signals coming from other sites, and it reports this information to the switch without the caller being aware of it.
	www.arcx.com /sites/CDMAvsTDMA.htm (3495 words)

	USS Clueless - GSM 3G
		FM encoding is extremely inefficient in use of bandwidth, and spectrum was scarce and expensive, and it rapidly became clear that FM wasn't able to handle the traffic which was expected and which was really needed to make cellular telephony a profitable business.
		In TDMA, a given phone in a given voice call is allocated a certain fixed amount of bandwidth whether it needs it or not.
		The fundamental weakness of TDMA at the RF layer could not be compensated for at any layer higher than that, no matter how well designed it was.
	denbeste.nu /cd_log_entries/2002/10/GSM3G.shtml (4549 words)

	Putting the C in TDMA?
		TDMA 3G Activity Despite the CDMA camp's push for TDMA carriers to move to cdma2000 1X technology, North America's two largest TDMA-based carriers have chosen otherwise.
		CDG's Takach said TDMA carriers need to evaluate which path is easier: invest a lot to get to GPRS, then invest a lot to get to maybe EDGE, then invest more to get to CDMA in the form of WCDMA; or transition sooner to CDMA by investing in cdma2000 1X.
		Cingular's Rinne agreed that GSM and TDMA have a clear migration path together on both the data and voice sides due to cooperation between the UWCC and the GSM Alliance.
	wirelessreview.com /mag/wireless_putting_tdma/index.html (2872 words)

	CDG : Technology : Shosteck Group White Paper on TDMA 3G Migration Paths
		TDMA operators were to have overlaid packet based GPRS onto their TDMA infrastructure.
		This means that TDMA operators assigned to the 800 MHz spectrum cannot begin their 3G migration until vendors deliver GSM 800 infrastructure and, more importantly, GSM 800 terminals.
		For both 800 and 1900 MHz TDMA operators, there is the potential inability of subscribers to use their GSM services when roaming on to TDMA networks.
	www.cdg.org /technology/cdma_technology/shosteck/review.asp (3785 words)

	TheStreet.com: AT&T Drops Bombshell on Motorola
		TDMA operators of North America and South America are going to top 100 million subscribers within two years.
		TDMA is a distant third as a wireless standard, but fast-growing Latin markets may change that soon.
		TDMA has been overshadowed by the CDMA subscriber growth of 1995-99 and the gigantic GSM customer base, which currently tops 400 million.
	www.thestreet.com /comment/wirelesswiz/1193961.html (1150 words)

	IT Architect \| GSM and TDMA Cellular Networks \| April 1, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To most U.S. consumers, TDMA means a particular mobile system, the one technically known as the Digital-American Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS) or IS-136.
		TDMA also forms the basis of both Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), the second-most-popular mobile standard (even though it’s only used in Japan), and Motorola’s proprietary Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (IDEN).
		All TDMA systems work by dividing a frequency into a number of time slots, each of which corresponds to one communication channel.
	www.networkmagazine.com /article/NMG20000517S0169 (2852 words)

	broadband » Forums » Cellphones, providers, and plans » [Cingular] AT&T TDMA network going down?
		I was a 7 year ATT TDMA network before the merge, within the last month my phone has started losing services, it keeps changing to ROAM and I lose phone calls everytime it does that and the phone starts cutting out bad.
		Yes, they are reducing the number of TDMA towers available and using the space for GSM towers.
		Cingular isn't the only company phasing out TDMA capacity; Dobson Cellular One is starting that in my area, evidenced by the occasional appearance of "ROAM" on my Nokia 8860 I use on Beyond Wireless (a Cingular Blue prepaid MVNO).
	www.dslreports.com /forum/remark,14208593 (586 words)

	Lucent Technologies reveals new wireless platform for next generation TDMA high-speed wireless data networks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In addition, Lucent's radio platform will support Bell Labs developed multi-beam smart antenna technology, which enables TDMA operators to increase voice capacity and substantially increase the number of users on their network.
		Lucent's 3G TDMA platform also includes new software for TDMA voice service features and new network enhancements to support GPRS (General Packet Radio System), a technology that will enable an operator to provide packet data services using their existing network infrastructure.
		Lucent's state-of-the-art TDMA wireless platform includes the 5ESS® Switch, the industry's most reliable switch according to analysis of the FCC's ARMIS data.
	www.lucent.com /press/0399/990322.nsa.html (447 words)

	Overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The length of a 26-frame multiframe is 120 ms, which is how the length of a burst period is defined (120 ms divided by 26 frames divided by 8 burst periods per frame).
		This ciphering key, together with the TDMA frame number, use the A5 algorithm to create a 114 bit sequence that is XORed with the 114 bits of a burst (the two 57 bit blocks).
		Enciphering is an option for the fairly paranoid, since the signal is already coded, interleaved, and transmitted in a TDMA manner, thus providing protection from all but the most persistent and dedicated eavesdroppers.
	ccnga.uwaterloo.ca /~jscouria/GSM/gsmreport.html (6509 words)

	3G Americas::Unifying the Americas through Wireless Technology
		TDMA is a second-generation (2G) wireless technology that provides high-quality voice and circuit-switched data services in the most popular spectrum bands, including 850 and 1900 MHz. TDMA is a digital or “PCS” technology that’s also referred to as
		TDMA offers a proven route to 3G through the deployment of GSM/GPRS, EDGE and/or UMTS (WCDMA).
		TDMA network for a new GSM/GPRS network by deploying an overlay in an operator’s existing spectrum. This approach means that the TDMA network continues to serve customers, while the new overlay offers a wide range of innovative data services, including
	www.3gamericas.org /English/Technology_Center/tdma.cfm (143 words)

	TDMA Subscriber Numbers Jump 61% in 1999
		The number of TDMA subscribers totaled 17 million in North America and 10.9 million in Latin America.
		Chris Pearson, vice president of marketing of the UWCC, said "TDMA continues to be the wireless technology of choice for consumers throughout the western hemisphere.'' He added, "Including analog customers, TDMA operators will serve an estimated 65 million subscribers worldwide by the end of 1999.''
		Recently the UWCC, which represents TDMA technology, and the Global System for Mobile Communications Association (GSMA), which represents GSM technology, announced a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to work toward worldwide voice and data interoperability.
	cellular.co.za /stats/statistics_tdma_subscriber_numbers_jump_1999.htm (350 words)

	SMI Based Beamforming Algorithms for TDMA Signals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To improve the reception of the signal of interest (SOI) and null interfering signals, the Sample Matrix Inversion (SMI) algorithm uses a known training sequence in each TDMA burst to tune the weights of an antenna array.
		In a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) communication system, data is transmitted in bursts with a known training sequence occurring in each burst.
		In Section 3, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through simulations of a TDMA co-channel interference environment.
	www.appsig.com /papers/l829e/829e_1.html (515 words)

	Nokia - Nokia-Developed Technology Enhances TDMA Voice Quality and Clarity - Press Releases - Press - About Nokia
		Nokia’s EFR ACELP vocoder, which delivers enhanced digital voice quality, has been chosen as the industry standard for TDMA and will be used by all other wireless handset manufacturers.
		The new TDMA vocoder, developed by Nokia and the University of Sherbrooke (Canada), incorporates Nokia’s own leading-edge voice processing technology.
		This TDMA vocoder is the latest reflection of Nokia’s global leadership in digital technology development and commitment to improved wireless voice quality.
	press.nokia.com /PR/199710/776707_5.html (414 words)

	Mobile phone news :: Nokia unveils the world's smallest TDMA phone with color display
		Shipments of the Nokia 6560 TDMA 800/1900 MHz / AMPS handset are expected to begin during the 4th quarter of 2003.
		Caller group function enables the management of incoming calls, while features such as predictive text input, a high quality color display, selectable font sizes and an integrated hands free speaker enhance the usability of the phone.
		The Nokia 6560 is the smallest and lightest TDMA phone with large color screen and it offers a full set of latest features fffor users to manage their business and personal life," said Pekka Vartiainen, senior vice president of Nokia Mobile Phones, Americas.
	www.phonecontent.com /bm/news/nokia/nokia6560.shtml (495 words)

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