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Topic: TNF

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	Performance Profiling Using TNF
		TNF is a system for generating and collecting execution event traces from the Solaris kernel and user processes.
		TNF is especially useful for debugging and tuning multi-threaded programs because a TNF probe automatically records thread-specific information (thread IDs, process IDs, etc.) in the event records written to a trace file.
		TNF records trace data in a binary format; conversion to developer-readable form is left to post-execution analysis.
	developers.sun.com /solaris/articles/tnf.html (2368 words)

	TNF-alpha ELISA (human, mouse & rat) > TNF alpha Assay Kit > Assay Designs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		TNF alpha has been suggested to play a pro-inflammatory role and has been detected in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
		TNF alpha is the primary mediator of immune regulation.
		The biosynthesis of TNF alpha is tightly controlled being produced in extremely small quantities in quiescent cells, but is a major secreted factor in activated cells.
	www.assaydesigns.com /products/catalog/immuno_assay/product_TNF-a.htm (214 words)

	HON Allergy Glossary TNF
		The genes that encode both TNF forms are found in the MHC.
		TNF is also chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes, as well as increasing neutrophil activity.
		TNF causes the symptoms associated with bacterial infections (septic shock, fever, muscle ache, lethargy, headache, nausea and inflammation).
	www.hon.ch /Library/Theme/Allergy/Glossary/tnf.html (133 words)

	TNF alpha antibody [MP6-XT22] (ab11560) datasheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia.
		TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions.
		TNF alpha causes cytolysis or cytostasis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity.
	www.abcam.com /?datasheet=11560 (512 words)

	Anti-TNF Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis on Johns Hopkins Arthritis
		TNF is produced primarily by macrophages and, to a lesser extent, by lymphocytes.
		TNF is increased in the systemic circulation after administration of endotoxin or bacteria, and TNF together with IL-1 are responsible for the physiologic alterations seen in septic shock.
		In vitro studies suggested that TNF is a critical and proximal mediator of the inflammatory pathway in the rheumatoid joint.
	www.hopkins-arthritis.som.jhmi.edu /rheumatoid/tnf.html (3210 words)

	TNF-alpha
		TNF-A is an acute phase protein which initiates a cascade of cytokines and increases vascular permeability, thereby recruiting macrophage and neutrophils to a site of infection.
		Prolonged overproduction of TNF-A also results in a condition known as cachexia, which is characterized by anorexia, net catabolism, weight loss and anemia and which occurs in illnesses such as cancer and AIDS.
		Additionally, a mutant form of TNF-A which exists only in the transmembrane form acts only by cell-to-cell contact and may result only in cytotoxicity (Perez et al.,1990), suggesting that mutant forms of TNF-A might effectively be used therapeutically as against specific types of cancers.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/Immunology/Students/spring2000/wolf/tnfalpha.html (1751 words)

	Horst Ibelgaufts'COPE: Cytokines Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		TNF was then shown to be present also in sera of rats, rabbits and guinea pigs.
		In most cases the term TNF alone refers to TNF-alpha =cachectin, while TNF-beta is usually referred to as lymphotoxin (LT).
		The members of the TNF ligand superfamily (TNFalpha, TNF-beta, LT beta, CD27 ligand, CD30 ligand, CD40 ligand, CD95 ligand (see: FAS ligand), 4 1BB, OX40 ligand, TRAIL) share common biological activities, but some properties are shared by only some ligands, while others are unique.
	www.copewithcytokines.de /cope.cgi?9403 (182 words)

	GeneCard for TNF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		TNF Shown to Be a Principal Trigger of Allergic Asthma in Animal Models
		Polymorphisms of the TNF gene and the TNF receptor superfamily member 1B gene are associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively.
		Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with a TNF polymorphism that affects an interaction between the OCT1 and NF(-kappa)B transcription factors.
	bioinfo.cnio.es /cgi-bin/genecards/carddisp?TNF (811 words)

	Biological Activity of TNF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		TNF-a is secreted by macrophages and targets tumor and inflammatory cells.
		TNF-b, unlike TNF-a, is secreted by certain T cells, particularly T helpers and T cytotoxic cells.
		This is a systemic response which involves the induction of fever caused by TNF-a and other cytokines acting on the hypothalamus in the brain.
	www.uwec.edu /hartsesc/Webpages/Heather/bioact2.html (390 words)

	Talking News Federation Home Page
		The Talking News Federation (TNF) is made up of 400 of these local Talking Newspapers (TN) forming a body to take a long term view of the future, assist with present issues, and deal with issues such as Copyright, Articles for the Blind, and proposed items of legislation and consultation.
		The TNF Executive Committee only consists of a small number of local TN volunteers from across the United Kingdom.
		It is not for the TNF to make decisions on how to run a local Talking Newspaper.
	www.tnf.org.uk (282 words)

	Press - TNF-a Blockers
		Enbrel and Remicade are the only TNF-a blockers that have been approved by the FDA for treatment of AS, although Humira has been prescribed off-label.
		For a general overview of the TNF Blockers, you can click here to view the new insert discussing these medications that comes with our Straight Talk on Spondyllitis book.
		Question: I am considering being treated with one of the TNF-a inhibitors, and I was wondering what might happen to someone who has undetected pre-cancerous cells of the prostate, cervix, or anywhere else in the body where it may take a long time for cancer to show up.
	www.spondylitis.org /press/tnf.aspx (1485 words)

	Intravenous Liposomal Prednisolone Downregulates In Situ TNF-{alpha} Production by T-cells in Experimental Autoimmune ...
		Kassiotis G, Kollias G (2001) Uncoupling the proinflammatory from the immunosuppressive properties of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) at the p55 TNF receptor level: implications for pathogenesis and therapy of autoimmune demyelination.
		(1998) TNF is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune-mediated demyelination.
		TNF neutralization in MS: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/51/9/1241 (1948 words)

	TNF Deficiency Fails to Protect BAFF Transgenic Mice against Autoimmunity and Reveals a Predisposition to B Cell ...
		TNF, because in the latter splenomegaly was not observed and
		TACI and BCMA are receptors for a TNF homologue implicated in B-cell autoimmune disease.
		BAFF binds to the TNF receptor-like molecule BCMA and is important for maintaining the peripheral B cell population.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/172/2/812 (7073 words)

	A low level of TNF-{alpha} mediates hemorrhage-induced acute lung injury via p55 TNF receptor -- Song et al. 281 (3): ...
		Hemorrhage induces an increase in serum TNF which is not associated with elevated levels of endotoxin.
		TNF receptor-deficient mice reveal divergent for p55 and p75 in several models of inflammation.
		Ligand passing: the 75-kDa tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor recruits TNF for signaling by the 55-kDa TNF receptor.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/3/L677 (5078 words)

	Human Biology: Alleles and haplotypes of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and beta genes in three ethnic populations ...
		Abstract Polymorphic variation in two cytokine genes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha and -beta, was examined in three ethnic groups, the Bugis, the Makassans, and the Torajans, who inhabit Sulawesi, a large island in the Indonesian archipelago, and formerly a Dutch colony.
		Two important human inflammatory cytokines are the tumor necrosis factors (TNF) -alpha and -beta, key molecules in immune responses to infection, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of parasitic diseases.
		Functional significance of TNF polymorphisms has been sought by investigating their possible association with disease states, particularly for the TNF-beta-NcoI and TNF-beta-AspHI loci, and also for the TNF-alpha promoter region polymorphisms at sites -308 and --238.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_200206/ai_n9087071 (1188 words)

	ANTI-TNF THERAPY: 2001 and future years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The CDR3-engrafted humanised monoclonal anti-TNF antibody, CDP l57, was not taken beyond a dose ranging placebo-controlled trial. Other human anti-TNF immunoglobulins and TNF-receptors are in the pipeline of pharmaceutical companies and are likely to be emerging as therapeutics in the future.
		In addition, etanercept binds to lymphotoxin-alpha. The binding affinity constants are similar, l0—l0 Ka, but in vitro examination shows that infliximab forms highly stable complexes and is associated with selective lysis of the surface of TNF-alpha-expressing cells.
		Etanercept, on the other hand, forms complexes with TNF and lymphotoxin that dissociate readily in the presence of free TNF or receptors.
	www.rheuma21st.com /archives/interview_maini_plotz.html (748 words)

	TNF{alpha} inhibits skeletal myogenesis through a PW1-dependent pathway by recruitment of caspase pathways -- Coletti ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The presence of the p65 subunit in NF B complexes is demonstrated by a super-shift (a), performed by incubating the nuclear extract with an antibody against p65 (+Ab).
		Darnay,B.G. and Aggarwal,B.B. (1997) Early events in TNF signaling: a story of associations and dissociations.
		Szalay,K., Razga,Z. and Duda,E. (1997) TNF inhibits myogenesis and downregulates the expression of myogenic regulatory factors myoD and myogenin.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/21/4/631 (5557 words)

	Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is not Necessary for the Development of Severe Inflammatory Arthritis News Summary from ...
		TNF is a highly inflammatory protein that is overproduced in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is, therefore, thought to play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis.
		The impressive clinical response of RA patients to inhibitors of TNF, and the ability of genetically-induced overproduction of TNF to induce inflammatory arthritis in animals, have reinforced this concept.
		Tnf–/– mice had some reduction in the clinical parameters of arthritis and significantly more normal joints.
	www.hopkins-arthritis.som.jhmi.edu /news-archive/2001/tnfra.html (387 words)

	Indian Journal of Medical Research: Circulating tumour necrosis factor alpha & soluble TNF receptors in patients ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		This present study was undertaken to find out the role of TNF-[alpha] and soluble TNF receptors in the pathogenesis of GBS; and to study the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivIg) therapy on the serum TNF-[alpha] and soluble TNF receptors in patients with GBS.
		The serum TNF-[alpha] and soluble TNF receptors (TNF-RI, TNF-RII) were measured in the serum samples of these patients before and after ivIg therapy by a sandwich ELISA.
		Disturbances in the TNF receptor shedding might be linked with TNF-[alpha] mediated demyelinating autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system including GBS.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3867/is_200305/ai_n9242895 (1402 words)

	TNF biosynthesis in gut associated immunopathologies -- BALKWILL 45 (4): 483 -- Gut
		Impaired on/off regulation of TNF biosynthesis in mice lacking TNF AU-rich elements: implications for joint and gut-associated immunopathologies.
		We addressed the impact of deleting TNF AU-rich elements (ARE) from the mouse genome on the regulation of TNF biosynthesis
		In this model, the adaptive immune response and both TNF receptors were necessary for Crohn's disease-like pathology in the
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/45/4/483 (571 words)

	Lysosomal and Mitochondrial Changes Detected During TNF-a-Induced Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Effect of Various Concentrations of TNF on the Viability of MCF7 Cells.
		Cells (5 X 106/ mL) were treated with different 1, 10, or 25 ng/mL of TNF for 24 h at 37 °C in a CO2 incubator.
		MCF7 cells were treated in the absence (panels a & b) or in the presence of TNF (panels c & d) as described in Materials and Methods.
	www.jyi.org /volumes/volume5/issue1/articles/zea.html (2773 words)

	TNF Narrow Tractors
		The TNF's long wheelbase and low center of gravity result in excellent hillside stability.
		The "crop-friendly" TNF design includes a sleek cab (or foldable rollbar), underhood exhaust, rounded hood, flexible fenders and recessed lighting to allow the TNF to work in the tightest rows without damaging fruit and foliage.
		The powerful TNF hydraulic system uses two separate open-center hydraulic circuits to ensure full flow for operating implements, three-point hitch and tractor operations.
	www.newholland.com /na/Products/tnf_tractor.html (353 words)

	Developing a New Generation of TNF{alpha} Antagonists for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Fleischmann and ...
		TNF receptors are known to bind both TNF
		Sequences coding for the p75 TNF receptor extracellular domain, cloned from a human cDNA library, are inserted into a plasmid vector containing the CH2 and CH3 heavy chain constant domain sequences and subsequently transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells.
		Piguet, P. Evolution of collagen arthritis in mice is arrested by treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody or recombinant soluble TNF receptor.
	molinterv.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/3/6/310 (3113 words)

	Antiviral Activity of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Is Mediated via p55 and p75 TNF Receptors -- Ruby et al. 186 (9): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Antiviral Activity of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Is Mediated via p55 and p75 TNF Receptors -- Ruby et al.
		Antiviral Activity of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Is Mediated via p55 and p75 TNF Receptors
		TNF is an important component of the host response to a natural
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/abstract/186/9/1591 (945 words)

	The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-{alpha}) in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: Studies in TNF-{alpha}(-/-) and ...
		Decoster E, Cornelis S, Vanhaesebroeck B, Fiers W (1998) Autocrine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT) alpha differentially modulate cellular sensitivity to TNF/LT-alpha cytotoxicity in L929 cells.
		Fiers W (1991) Tumor necrosis factor: characterization at the molecular, cellular and in vivo level.
		Szalay K, Duda E (1997) TNF inhibits myogenesis and downregulates the expression of myogenic regulatory factors myoD and myogenin.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/49/8/989 (5683 words)

	Neurodegenerative and Neuroprotective Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in Retinal Ischemia: Opposite Roles of TNF ...
		Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important factor in various acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
		Expression of TNF and its receptors was examined in non-ischemic and ischemic retinas of C57BL/6 mice.
		Kassiotis G, Kollias G (2001) Uncoupling the proinflammatory from the immunosuppressive properties of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) at the p55 TNF receptor level.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20026253v1 (4261 words)

	Cardiomyocytes overexpressing TNF-{alpha} attract migration of embryonic stem cells via activation of p38 and c-Jun ...
		Migrated GFP-positive cells (indicated by the red arrows in panels A and C) on each coverslip were counted under fluorescent microscopy for control (B) and transfected groups (D).
		To further assess the roles of p38 and JNK in TNF-
		Kondo, S., Sauder, D. (1997) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type 1 (p55) is a main mediator for TNF-alpha-induced skin inflammation.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/17/15/2231 (4399 words)

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