T-4 Euthanasia Program

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	T-4 Euthanasia Program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		T-4 Euthanasia Program (Tiergartenstraße 4 or Tiergartenstrasse 4) was the official name of the Nazi Germany eugenics program which forcefully conducted mass sterilizations and euthanasia on Germans who were institutionalized or suffering from birth defects.
		Doctors and nursing personnel involved in the euthanasia program were not always brought to justice.
		Germany's practice of euthanasia did not end in 1941.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/T-4_Euthanasia_Program (782 words)

	The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies
		In August 1942 the Euthanasia Programme was resumed, and the group of potential victims was expanded to include victims of air raids, “anti-socials” and slave labourers.
		Hitler's authorisation of the Euthanasia Programme (Operation T4) was signed in October 1939, but dated 1 September 1939.
		The Euthanasia Programme demanded the cooperation of German doctors, who were to decide what patients to kill.
	www.holocaust-education.dk /baggrund/eutanasi.asp (507 words)

	Euthanasia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Nazi Germany the term "euthanasia" (Euthanasie) referred to the systematic killing of disabled children and adults under the T-4 Euthanasia Program.
		It is considered to be euthanasia by some, but under current law and medical practice it is considered a form of palliative care.
		There is some debate as to whether euthanasia refers to "letting die" or "allowing to die." In the United States and the Netherlands, "letting die" or "allowing to die" refer to areas which the state consider ethically and legally acceptable and permissible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Euthanasia (2070 words)

	The T-4 Euthanasia Program
		Euthanasia typically means "mercy killing" and in the 1990's in the United States and other western nations, it is synonymous with "physician-assisted suicide." The kind of killing carried out through the T-4 program bears little resemblance to contemporary concepts of euthanasia.
		The euthanasia program proved to be a valuable precursor to the atrocities which were to come in connection with the "Final Solution." SS Major Christian Wirth was transferred from his duties at a euthanasia center to take over the supervision of Chelmno, the first of six extermination camps in Poland to become operational.
		"Concurrent with the start-up of the euthanasia exterminations, Hitler authorized Himmler to establish a Race and Resettlement Office under the aegis of the SS.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Holocaust/t4.html (1004 words)

	Euthanasia Programs
		However, despite the regime's efforts, the program met with enough public outcry that it was forced to cease its operation in August of 1941 and go underground after killing more than 100,000 "patients." Officials reported that "the euthanasia program had become an open secret.
		The number of victims of the euthanasia program was not decreased by its underground status.
		Further, when questionnaires similar to those received at the inception of the euthanasia program were again sent to Catholic asylums, Cardinal Bertram refused to "co-operate with this census" (Lewy 26).
	hist.academic.claremontmckenna.edu /jpetropoulos/holocaust/euthanasia.htm (601 words)

	Euthanasia Nurses
		The "euthanasia" program required the cooperation of many German doctors and nurses, who reviewed the medical files of patients in institutions to determine which handicapped or mentally ill individuals should be killed.
		In the euthanasia programs, physicians and nurses contributed a major role in the killings.
		The nursing staffs of the euthanasia centers were often forced to swear an oath of loyalty, pledging eternal silence regarding what went on in the clinic, under pain of death.
	www.history.ucsb.edu /faculty/marcuse/classes/33d/projects/euth/EuthanasiaNurses.htm (1212 words)

	Women & The Holocaust - Personal Reflections
		This decentralized euthanasia program was called by the killers "wild" euthanasia (United States National Archives and Records, Record Group 238, Microfilm Publication M-1019, Roll 46).
		The killings had become public knowledge and opposition to the programs came from individuals and churches; however, the children's euthanasia program continued without interruption and the stop order applied only to the killings in the gas chambers of the killing centers.
		During the "wild" euthanasia phase, handicapped patients that were to be killed at the killing centers arrived by transport, often in the middle of the night.
	www3.sympatico.ca /mighty1/essays/nurses5.htm (1543 words)

	forgotten_crimes.txt
		Paul Nitsche, a key figure in the euthanasia programs, wrote on September 18 and 20 of 1941 that the Gorden asylum was suitable for the study of the feeble-minded and epileptics before "disinfection" (the code word for death by gassing).
		In addition, both before and after the creation of the T-4 euthanasia program, the use of institutionalized patients as a means of forced labor was a widely accepted practice, often under the rubric of "therapy." Throughout Germany, in dozens of separate institutions, people with disabilities were routinely subject to forced labor.
		In the camps, the euthanasia program was given the code name "14 f 13" and was used to exterminate those prisoners with disabilities who were unable to work.
	www.dralegal.org /downloads/pubs/forgotten_crimes.txt (8749 words)

	October 1939 - Nazis Begin Euthanasia on Sick and Disabled
		Code named "Aktion T 4," the Nazi euthanasia program to eliminate "life unworthy of life" at first focused on newborns and very young children.
		They used the technical knowledge and experience gained during the euthanasia program to construct huge killing centers at Auschwitz, Treblinka and other concentration camps in an attempt to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe.
		The euthanasia program was eventually headed by an SS man named Christian Wirth, a notorious brute with the nickname 'the savage Christian.'
	www.historyplace.com /worldwar2/timeline/euthanasia.htm (644 words)

	The Holocaust -
		The T-4 Euthanasia Program was established to "maintain the genetic purity" of the German population by systematically killing citizens who were physically deformed, disabled, handicapped, or suffering from mental illness.
		The T-4 Euthanasia Program was established in 1939 in order to maintain the "purity" of the so-called Aryan race by systematically killing children and adults born with physical deformities or suffering from mental illness.
		Early elements of the Holocaust include the Kristallnacht pogrom and the T-4 Euthanasia Program, progressing to the later use of killing squads and extermination camps in a massive and centrally organized effort to murder every possible member of the populations targeted by the Nazis.
	www.australiagrid.com /mediawiki/index.php/Holocaust (9051 words)

	Unadulterated Arrogance » Euthanasia Pure unadulterated arrogance at its best. Provocative and poetic vituperations of Jinu Johnson.
		Involuntary euthanasia is a dicey topic for the misuse of it can result in morbid repercussions, as was witnessed when Hitler implemented the T-4 Euthanasia program to bring about genetical purity.
		Involuntary euthanasia is one wherein a third party brings to an end the life of an individual with the aim of ending the suffering of the said person.
		Though a little care is to be exercised in cases of involuntary euthanasia, all caution should be thrown to the wind in cases of voluntary euthanasia.
	www.arrogantly.com /2005/12/02/euthanasia (1457 words)

	The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, page 225
		A colonel in the SS, Brack was Hitler's special advisor on the T-4 "euthanasia" program.
		Professor Julius Hallervorden, a pathologist at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute, was one of the many German physicians who willingly participated in the "euthanasia" program to eliminate the mentally ill and physically disabled from German society.
		So immersed was he in the program that he personally met and interviewed each physician who ultimately participated.
	www.holocaustchronicle.org /staticpages/225.html (319 words)

	Bernburg -
		During the Nazi era, its mental hospital was part of the T-4 Euthanasia Program.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/wiki/Bernburg (92 words)

	The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, page 169
		The euthanasia campaign, called Operation T-4, was code-named after the address of the confiscated Jewish villa at Tiergartenstrasse 4, which was the address of the program's central administrative offices.
		Although Hitler signed the authorization for this so-called "euthanasia" program in October 1939, the document was backdated to September 1--the day World War II began--to create the impression that the "mercy killings" were a wartime necessity.
		The patients selected to die were transported to one of six euthanasia centers in Germany and Austria: Hartheim, Sonnenstein, Grafeneck, Bernburg, Hadamar, or Brandenburg.
	www.holocaustchronicle.org /StaticPages/169.html (626 words)

	Shofar FTP Archives: camps/chelmno/chelmno.001
		Upon their arrival the SS officers oriented them by comparing center goals with the euthanasia program, which was very familiar to the workers.
		In 1941 Himmler called in his gassing specialist, Christian Wirth, known as the Technocrat of Destruction, and ordered him to design and implement an extermination program with Chelmno as the pilot project.
		On November 4, 1943, Globocnik wrote to Himmler from Trieste: "I have on Oct. 19, 1943 completed Action Reinhard and closed all the camps." He asked for special medals for his men in recognition of their "specially difficult task." Himmler responded warmly to "Globos" on November 30, 1943, thanking him for carrying out Operation Reinhard.
	www.nizkor.org /ftp.cgi/camps/ftp.py?camps/chelmno/chelmno.001 (1130 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - Aktion T4
		By June of 1940, the practice of stealing gold fillings from the teeth of Jewish mental patients, killed in the euthanasia program, had already begun among the SS (Schutzstaffel or Elite Guard) units responsible for administering the program.
		Fauser, Dr. Martha -- euthanasia physician, HuPa (Heil- und Pflegeanstalten) Grafeneck {convicted 5 Jul 1949 by a French court at Tuebingen of crimes against humanity and sentenced to 18 months imprisonment (NYT 6 Jul 1949:9:6).}
		Otto -- euthanasia physician, HuPa (Heil- und Pflegeanstalten) Grafeneck {convicted 5 Jul 1949 by a French court at Tuebingen of crimes against humanity and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment (NYT 6 Jul 1949:9:6).}
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=45327 (4511 words)

	Medicine & Global Survival
		The euthanasia apparatus, personnel, and equipment, of the T-4 action were transferred to German-occupied Poland where they formed the basis of the largest program of organized mass destruction of human life in recorded history.
		The Chamber permitted doctors associated with the "euthanasia" programs to continue to practice medicine while facing accusations of having murdered thousands of patients -- accusations that were proven in court [49].
		The antecedent medical T-4 "euthanasia" program had been the pilot project, a feasibility study, for the process of mass extermination.
	www.ippnw.org /MGS/V2N3Seidelman.html (4862 words)

	Bethel Institution -
		During the Nazi Germany era, staff at the institution were mainly in opposition to the National Socialist party's T-4 Euthanasia Program.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Bethel_Institution (186 words)

	Women & The Holocaust - Personal Reflections
		Later the killing centers were used for the killing of selected concentration camp prisoners in the "Special Treatment 14f13" euthanasia program (Office of Chief Counsel for War Crimes, Document Number 3354).
		n 1939, Hitler issued an order to expand the euthanasia program to "the worthless lives of seriously ill mental patients" which would "result in certain savings in terms of hospitals, doctors and nursing staff" (Friedlander, 1995, p.
		In order to do this, the Reich Committee was expanded from the original three members to include a number of academics and asylum directors.
	www3.sympatico.ca /mighty1/essays/nurses4.htm (426 words)

	Franz Stangl - Free net encyclopedia
		In 1940 Stangl became superintendent of the T-4 Euthanasia Program at the Euthanasia Institute at Schloss Hartheim where mentally and physically handicapped people were sent to be killed.
		In 1942 he was transferred to Poland where he worked under Odilo Globocnik.
		This page was last modified 08:08, 4 January 2006.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Franz_Stangl (526 words)

	euthanasia -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		His father also was one of the most prominent psychiatrists to oppose the T4 (euthanasia) Program initiated by Hitler in 1939.
		Adolf Hitler initiated this program in 1939, and, while it was officially discontinued in 1941, killings continued covertly until the military defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945.
		The first countries to legalize euthanasia were The Netherlands in 2001 and Belgium in 2002.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9033299 (1070 words)

	Euthanasia
		Status of euthanasia and physician assisted suicide, outside of the United States
		what religions think of euthanasia, studies into the effects of euthanasia laws, and opinion polls.
		Euthanasia has wide public support - survey findings
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/trinity/832/e_p/euth.html (405 words)

	Essay or Coursework : With whom does responsibility for the Holocaust ultimately lie?
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		Coursework and Essays: By Level: GCSE: Religious Studies: Themes and Issues: Euthanasia: With whom does responsibility for the Holocaust ultimately lie
		If you're interested in knowing more about Coursework.Info, we encourage you to take the the Coursework.Info tour.
	www.coursework.info /i/6200.html (293 words)

	Victims of the Holocaust with Disabilities
		The T-4 "euthanasia" program, a Nazi plan to murder persons with physical or mental disabilities, is described clearly in this article.
		Correspondence and testimony related to the "euthanasia" program.
		This page at "The History Place" also examines the Nazi "euthanasia" program.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /holocaust/people/VictHand.htm (326 words)

	CEO: Mary Labyak - "The Death Factory"
		The former head of the special education teacher's association became the the chief propagandist for the euthanasia program.
		There are obviously STILL sympathizers with the Nazi agenda of euthanasia, right at the Hospice of the Florida Suncoast, because Mary Labyak IS willing to have the disabled killed, just like Hitler.
		Mary Labyak: leader of efforts to bring euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide into hospices where the disabled can be killed with court approval
	www.apfn.org /apfn/Terri_labyak.htm (5168 words)

	Tucker Max Message Board - If they taught this in history, kids would pay attention
		The T-4 Euthanasia program was the one in which chronically ill, mentally ill, and mentally retarted people were killed, initially, by suffocation due to exghaust.
		The lessons learned in gassing from the T-4 program was invaluable in later developing the Final Solution.
		The mental damage that troops in the Einsatzgruppen incurred, plus the slow pace of killing that was associated with shooting everyone, weighed heavily in the Nazi decision to abandon death squads.
	messageboard.tuckermax.com /showthread.php?p=192911 (323 words)

	T-4 Euthanasia Program
		Government > Politics in The USA > T-4 Euthanasia...
	www.talkaboutgovernment.com /group/alt.politics.usa/messages/632246.html (238 words)

	The New American - Lessons From the Holocaust - November 9, 1998
		It was the still-potent influence of Christian culture in Germany that compelled Hitler to disavow the euthanasia program.
		Every April, Holocaust commemorations take place across the U.S., and "Holocaust education" programs (such as the "Facing History and Ourselves" program, which is based in Brookline, Massachusetts and has regional centers in New York, Los Angeles, Memphis, and Chicago) have become common in the nation’s public schools.
		Point four of the NSDAP program publicized at that meeting specified that "none but members of the nation may be citizens.
	www.thenewamerican.com /tna/1998/vo14no23/vo14no23_holocaust.htm (4369 words)

	Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race
		In 1947, Nitsche was placed on trial in Dresden by East German authorities for his crimes in the T-4 "euthanasia" program.
		He was questioned by the courts on numerous occasions regarding his role in the children’s “euthanasia” program but was never formally prosecuted.
		At the Brain Research Institute in Frankfurt, Hallervorden’s specimens, including brains from the “euthanasia” program, were used for research purposes until 1990, when they were buried in a Munich cemetery.
	www.ushmm.org /museum/exhibit/online/deadlymedicine/profiles (1318 words)

	holocaust_bot.html
		An outline of the T-4 Euthanasia Program used by Hitler and the Nazis to exterminate what they felt were "inferior races," including Jews, Gypsies, the mentally defective, severely handicapped, the incurably insane and the incurably sick, as well as anyone else they felt were unfit.
		Detailed overview of the 1938 events leading up to, and including Kristallnacht.
	www.pearsoncustom.com /allpages/holocaust_bot.html (433 words)

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