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Topic: T-tubule

    Note: these results are not from the primary (high quality) database.

Tubule Proposal Several theories of why tubules form have been published recently [55-62], and while many of them are successful in describing the morphology of tubules and their relationship to twisted helical strips, none of them (including that from the Yager group) deals with the molecular details within the crystalline bilayer. Because of the tight packing of the lipids in tubules, tubules should only dissolve or be enzymatically degraded from the tubule ends, resulting in a constant rate of tubule degradation until the tubules are consumed. Tubules were precipitated by drop-wise addition of water to a 5 mM solution of the lipid in ethanol until the volume fraction of water reached 70%. faculty.washington.edu /yagerp/tubuleproposal.html

New Reef-Building Microorganism in Alabama Tubules average 42 to 57 micrometers in diameter and are up to 1,000 micrometers (1 millimeter) long. Tubules are septate; septa are convex upward in longitudinal section and are spaced 14 to 42 micrometers apart. Septa are discoidal plates that grew perpendicular to the long axes of the tubules and sealed off lower (older) portions of the tubules. www.gsa.state.al.us /gsa/TubePage/tubinfo1.html

The Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian tubule This page is hosted by the Glasgow Group, which concentrates on the molecular physiology of transport and cell signalling processes in tubules. This is a list of principal investigators (or group leaders) believed to focus their research primarily on Drosophila tubules. Its development is also well understood, meaning that we can obtain a better and more rounded picture of this tissue than almost any other epithelium. www.mblab.gla.ac.uk /tubules/tubules-www.html

Amino acids modulate ion transport and fluid secretion by insect Malpighian tubules -- Hazel et al. 206 (1): 79 -- Journal of Experimental Biology Tubules were stimulated with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) at t =0 min. All tubules were then transferred to amino-acid-free control saline and stimulated with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) at the time indicated by the arrow. Values are means ± S.E.M. tubules for each group). jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/1/79

Mesodermal Derivatives III As this is occurring, the mesonephric tubules become long and coiled, with their distal ends opening into the mesonephric duct. The kidney as a whole is made up of two elements: the kidney tubules which filter the blood and the kidney ducts, which collect and carry the filtrate to the cloaca. These modifications are the development of some features characteristic of the metanephric kidney such as a complete absence of nephrostomes and the joining of nephric tubules to collecting ducts that have developed as outgrowths of the mesonephric ducts. www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/devobio/210labs/meso3.html

INVASION OF DENTINAL TUBULES BY ORAL BACTERIA -- Love and Jenkinson 13 (2): 171 -- Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine Invasion of dentinal tubules by oral streptococci is associated with collagen recognition mediated by the antigen I/II family of polypeptides. of all tubules in inner dentin (closest to the pulp). In vitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules. crobm.iadrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/13/2/171

Distribution and regulation of expression of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 in the rat kidney -- Alvarez de la Rosa et al. 551 (2): 455 -- The Journal of Physiology Online Tubule segments that express sgk1 are the TAL, starting in the outer medulla, the DCT, CT and CCT; expression stops in the cortical segments of the collecting tubule. Anti-calbindin antibody labelled some of the sgk1-positive tubules in the cortex, thus these tubule segments correspond to DCT and/or CT. In these tubules the apical side of the cells exhibited a stronger calbindin signal whereas the basolateral side was stronger for sgk1 ( Fig. This is striking in the collecting tubule, where expression of sgk1 is limited only to the cortical segment even though the MCT is known to be a classical target for aldosterone action. jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/551/2/455

RENAL IMAGES Tubules in the center of the field are distended by proteinaceous material (PAS). Tubules are distended by inflammatory cells and granular necrotic material (H and E). In the center of the field glomeruli look solid and tubules are not recognizable (PAS). www.math.uno.edu /~jensen/L/RENAL_IMAGES.htm

Involvement of the Secretory Pathway and the Cytoskeleton in Intracellular Targeting and Tubule Assembly of Grapevine fanleaf virus Movement Protein in Tobacco BY-2 Cells -- Laporte et al. 15 (9): 2058 -- THE PLANT CELL The tubules are erect and embedded within Hechtian strands connected to cross walls or side walls. Protoplasts have retracted from the cell wall, giving rise to erect tubules that are not attached to the cross wall (cf. Tubules formed over the entire cell surface instead of being localized specifically within the cross wall (arrows). www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/9/2058

Role of the transverse-axial tubule system in generating calcium sparks and calcium transients in rat atrial myocytes -- Kirk et al. 547 (2): 441 -- The Journal of Physiology Online When a Ca spark was not clearly associated with a tubule in the plane of the linescan, a manual search along the z -axis usually identified a tubule within 1 µm of the Ca spark. Cells were classified as mixed when they had a reticular network at one end of the cell but not the other, or when they had one or two isolated tubules running the length of the cell. This transverse-axial tubule system (TATS) has a predominantly longitudinal orientation, is poorly developed when compared to the T-tubules in ventricular cells, and has been observed in variable frequencies (Hibbs and Ferrans, 1969; Forssmann and Girardier, 1970; Leeson, 1980; Yamasaki et al. jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/547/2/441

Conservation of capa peptide-induced nitric oxide signalling in Diptera -- Pollock et al. 207 (23): 4135 -- Journal of Experimental Biology NADPH diaphorase activity was measured in either unstimulated or peptide-stimulated tubules from the insects shown in the absence and presence of the substrate, NADPH (A), as described in Materials and methods. Tubule fluid secretion was measured in the absence and presence of Ang CAPA-QGL at the concentrations shown. Tubule fluid secretion was measured in the absence and presence of Ang CAPA-GPT at the concentrations shown. jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/207/23/4135

Science Coaliton What makes a cilium or flagellum as a whole move is the movement of the outer tubules, and the direction or type of movement a flagellum makes is determined by which of the outer tubules move. In mutants missing parts of the spokes or inner tubules, there is no regulation and the mutant algae’s flagella are paralyzed just as those of a normal cell are if all nine outer tubules move at once. Her working hypothesis is that the central two tubules specify which of the nine outer tubules move at any given time. www.wsu.edu /NIS/Universe/cilia.html

SIU SOM Histology CRR The length of a proximal convoluted tubule tends to be several times greater than that of a distal convoluted tubule, so sections of proximal tubules are much more common than those of distal tubules in a typical histological slide of renal cortex. The epithelium of the initial descending segment of the loop of Henle is similar to that of the proximal convoluted tubule, and is sometimes called the pars recta of the proximal tubule (in contrast to the convoluted pars convoluta). The apical ends of distal tubule cells tend to be more distinct than those of proximal tubule cells, conferring the usual appearance of a larger, clearer lumen in each distal tubule. www.siumed.edu /~dking2/crr/rnguide.htm

e-Testicles.com; information, urogenital, urology, penis, prostate, testosterone, male, vasectomy,castration Seminiferous tubules are the site where spermatozoa are produced and the interstitial cells make testosterone. Mature sperm are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule but are still not ready for the big game. They become mobile during their passage through the epididymis and are further energized by spending time in the female reproductive tract in a process called capacitation. www.e-testicles.com

Urogenital system Tubules consist of several segments and begin as a Bowman’s (or glomerular) capsule. kidney structure among vertebrates are primarily in the number and arrangement of the glomeruli and tubules. The pronephros is temporary and function only until glomeruli and tubules further back become functional. www.biology.eku.edu /RITCHISO/342notes10.html

Cardiovascular and Defense The preservation of the seminiferous tubules is not all that great so you will not get the impression of the different stages of spermatogenesis. The epithelial preservation of the seminiferous tubules is not good so do not bother to try identifying cell types. Associated with the testis is a region of tubules with relatively uniform height epithelium with hair-like projections. www.fsu.edu /~histo/for~1.htm

Lab Exercises- Nephron It is a tubule that consists of different regions which handle the glomerular filtrate conserving valuable salts, water, proteins. There are "highways" of tubules called "MEDULLARY RAYS" that contain tubules passing to the medulla. They are distinguished from proximal tubules by the fact that they have a smoother apical surface. cellbio.utmb.edu /microanatomy/kidney/nephron_lab.htm

{gamma}-Secretase activity is dispensable for mesenchyme-to-epithelium transition but required for podocyte and proximal tubule formation in developing mouse kidney -- Cheng et al. 130 (20): 5031 -- Development 1 (red) was detectable in the basal laminae of tubules in both control and treated metanephroi; fewer renal tubules were detected in DAPT-treated cultures. Distal tubules (E-cadherin, green) are present in both. (Figs 4, 5) epithelial structures we classified as distal tubules. dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/20/5031

Homepage Klaus W. Beyenbach A high permeability of this pathway allows high rates of transepithelial transport as is needed in actively transporting epithelia such as the beginning segments of the intestinal tract and the renal tubule. Identification of Mg-transporting renal tubules and cells in the kidney by ion microscopy imaging of stable isotopes. Leucokinin and the modulation of the shunt pathway in Malpighian tubules, J. www.people.cornell.edu /pages/kwb1

Human Physiology - Muscle However, these tubules DO NOT open into the interior of the muscle cell; they pass completely through and open somewhere else on the sarcolemma (i.e., these tubules are not used to get things into and out of the muscle cell). The function of T-TUBULES is to conduct impulses from the surface of the cell (SARCOLEMMA) down into the cell and, specifically, to another structure in the cell called the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM. These tubules pass down into the muscle cell and go around the MYOFIBRILS. www.biology.eku.edu /RITCHISO/301notes3.htm

The Kidney The reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubule and the collecting tubules is closely regulated, chiefly by the action of the hormone aldosterone. The bioreactor consists of many hollow, porous tubes on the inner wall of which is attached a monolayer of proximal tubule cells (derived from pigs). The active transport of Na out of the proximal tubule is controlled by angiotensin II. users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/K/Kidney.html

Rhea Bibliography The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and morphology of sperm-storage tubules in the vagina of the ostrich. The presence of these tubules in the Rhea has been mentioned, but no description of these structures in ratites is available. Sperm-storage tubules were located in a 200-mm-wide band of the vagina adjacent to the utero-vaginal junction. duke.usask.ca /~ladd/rat_rhea.htm

Lab Exercises- Testis and ducts After the sperm are produced they travel to the TUBULI RECTI (straight tubules) which are found in the septa radiating from the mediastinum. The first set of tubules you need to find, however are the EFFERENT DUCTULES. This slide does not have well preserved seminiferous tubules, however the Leydig cells are prominent. cellbio.utmb.edu /microanatomy/Male_Reproductive/Testis_and_ducts.htm

The Mammalian Testis The tails of mature sperm can be seen protruding into the lumen of the upper seminiferous tubule. Note the differences in cell morphology from the external (peripheral) edge of the tubule toward the internal (lumenal) edge. This is a section through the testis showing numerous seminiferous tubules. www.uoguelph.ca /zoology/devobio/210labs/testes1.html

van Kerkhove, Emmy Wiehart U. Nicolson S. van Kerkhove E. The effects of endogenous diuretic and antidiuretic peptides and their second messengers in the Malpighian tubules of Tenebrio molitor: an electrophysiological study.- In: Journal of insect physiology, 49(2003), p. Wiehart U. Nicolson S. van Kerkhove E. K+ transport in Malpighian tubules of Tenebrio militor: a study of electrochemical gradients and basal K+ uptake mechanisms.- In: Journal of experimental biology, 206(2003), p. Cerstiaens A. Verleyen P. van Rie J. van Kerkhove E. Schwartz J.-L. Laprade R. de Loof A. Schoofs L. Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry 1 toxins in insect hemolymph and their neurotoxicity in brain cells of Lymantria dispar.- In: Applied and environmental microbiology, 67(2001), p. anet.ua.ac.be /acadbib/luc/24224

Tubules The interior containing the lightlike em current would be the instrument and the note produced by single tubule would be superposition of frequencies n* omega_0, omega_0= 2*pi/L. The Fourier spectrum of the massless extremal would define the characteristics of the instrument. The length of microtubules is however much larger than the corresponding p-adic length scale L(p) about E-8 meters defined by the transverse dimension of the tubule so that real physics works if p-adic length scale hypothesis is correct. A second catching metaphor is to regard groups of parallel axonal microtubules as an orchestra producing light instead of sound with various frequencies. www.physics.helsinki.fi /~matpitka/tubules.html

eMedicine - Medullary Sponge Kidney : Article by Ali Nawaz Khan, MBBS, FRCP, FRCR Compression view of the kidneys obtained at 15 minutes after shows linear striations of contrast material that opacifies the collecting tubules, giving a paintbrush-like appearance that is typical of medullary sponge kidney. The presence of medullary nephrocalcinosis is not necessary for a diagnosis of MSK if cystic dilatation of tubules is identified with IVU. MSK is characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules in 1 or more renal pyramids in 1 or both kidneys. www.emedicine.com /radio/topic433.htm

Kobelt's tubules (www.whonamedit.com) One of 30 to 34 tubules that develop within the mesonephros and empty into the mesonephric duct. Hypography is an open community about science and all things related www.whonamedit.com /synd.cfm/2846.html

Cross Section of Seminiferous Tubules Click on the green squares to see details of the seminiferous tubules. Cross Section of the Seminiferous Tubules of the Testis Between the circles are the pink stained interstitial cells (Leydig) which secrete testosterone. science.nhmccd.edu /biol/reproductive/testis.htm

RCT Toxic vs Infected The central or main canal is always surrounded by millions of dentinal tubules that are wide enough to harbor bacteria and even yeast and fungi. Int Endod J 1995 Mar;28(2):95-9 The Fate and the Role of Bacteria Left in Root Dentinal Tubules. Bacterial invasion into dentinal tubules of human vital and nonvital teeth. www.altcorp.com /AffinityLaboratory/toxicvsinfected.htm

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