Tabun (nerve agent) - Factbites

Tabun (nerve agent) - Factbites
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Topic: Tabun (nerve agent)

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	Nerve agent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nerve agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that disrupt the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs.
		Nerve agents can be absorbed through the skin, requiring that those likely to be subjected to such agents wear a full body suit in addition to a respirator.
		Nerve agents were not used by Iraq in the Gulf War, though a number of U.S. and U.K. personnel were exposed to them when the Khamisiyah chemical depot was destroyed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nerve_agent (2518 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nerve gas
		Nerve agents can be absorbed through the skin, requiring that those likely to be subjected to such agents wear a full body suit in addition to a gas mask.
		Nerve agents were not used by Iraq in the Gulf War, despite widespread fears to the contrary.
		Iraq briefly used chemical weapons, including nerve agents, during the Iran-Iraq war of 1981-1988; the Kurdish village of Halabja was exposed to nerve agents, and controversy still rages as to whether this was a deliberate or accidental act.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nerve-gas (2518 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nerve gas
		Nerve agents can be absorbed through the skin, requiring that those likely to be subjected to such agents wear a full body suit in addition to a gas mask.
		Nerve agents were not used by Iraq in the Gulf War, despite widespread fears to the contrary.
		Nerve agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus -containing organic chemicals ( organophosphates) that inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in animals.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nerve-gas (2518 words)

	ATSDR - MMG: Nerve Agents: Tabun (GA); Sarin (GB); Soman (GD); and VX
		Nerve agents are readily absorbed from the respiratory tract.
		Nerve agents alter cholinergic synaptic transmission at neuroeffector junctions (muscarinic effects), at skeletal myoneural junctions and autonomic ganglia (nicotinic effects), and in the CNS.
		Nerve agents are extremely toxic and can cause loss of consciousness and convulsions within seconds and death from respiratory failure within minutes of exposure.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /MHMI/mmg166.html (4996 words)

	Nerve agent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nerve agents are highly toxic chemical agents that poison the nervous system and disrupt bodily functions that are vital to an individuals survival.
		The initial stages of symptoms of an individual exposed to a nerve agent may vary depending on the particular agent and amount of the agent the person was exposed to.
		Poisoning by a nerve agent leads to contraction of pupils, profuse salivation, convulsions, involuntary urination and defecation, and eventual death by asphyxiation as control is lost over respiratory muscles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nerve_agent (4996 words)

	Nerve Agent: GB
		GB is a "first generation" nerve agent, identified in 1938 as a potential chemical agent by German researchers examining toxic organophosphates as a result of the discovery of GA (Tabun).
		The immediate treatment for nerve agent intoxication is intravenous injection of 2 mg atropine sulfate (intramuscular injection should be considered if the patient is hypoxic and ventilation can not be initiated, as there is a risk of ventricular fibrillation).
		GB was the first agent to be employed to cause mass casualties by nonstate actors when it was used for attacks by the Aum Shinrikyo cult in Japan during 1994 and 1995.
	www.cbwinfo.com /Chemical/Nerve/GB.shtml (5111 words)

	Research suggests better nerve agent treatment
		Because of concerns about terrorists one day using such deadly nerve agents as sarin, soman, tabun and VX, the two are urging the government and medical researchers to investigate potentially more effective treatments.
		Evidence indicates that such nerve agents are lethal, in part due to increasing acetylcholine in the brain, Janowsky said.
		Nerve agents greatly increase the natural neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the body, he said.
	www.brightsurf.com /news/march_03/EDU_news_032603_b.html (823 words)

	Nerve Agent Precursors: Bifluorides
		Bifluorides are used as a source of the fluorine atom in the synthesis of all of the G-type nerve agents except Tabun, in which the fluorine atom is replaced by a cyanide group.
		The quantities needed for manufacture of a stockpile of G agent would be miniscule in comparison.
		Bifluorides are also used in the manufacture of wood preservatives and in soldering fluxes.
	www.cbwinfo.com /Chemical/Precursors/Bifluorides.html (349 words)

	Intelligence Update: Chemical Warfare Agent Issues During the Persian Gulf War, April 2002
		The Iraqis were producing large quantities of the blister agent sulfur mustard by early 1983 and the nerve agent tabun by 1984.
		Nerve agents typically act rapidly (within seconds of exposure) and may be absorbed through the skin or through the respiratory tract.
		The primary Iraqi chemical agents available for release at the time of Desert Storm were the blister agent sulfur mustard; the mixed nerve agents sarin and “cyclosarin” (also known as GB and GF, respectively); and the riot control agent CS—all well-known compounds.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/gulfwar/cwagents/cwpaper1.htm (349 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: North Korea: Chemical Capabilities
		VG is a persistent agent, especially in comparison to other nerve agents such as tabun (GA), sarin (GB), or soman (GD).
		VG nerve agent is reportedly produced by the DPRK; however, no more details have yet emerged regarding its deployment in the North Korean CW stockpile.
		This material is produced independently for NTI by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/NK/Chemical/50_1068.html (349 words)

	Intelligence Update: Chemical Warfare Agent Issues During the Persian Gulf War, April 2002
		The Iraqis were producing large quantities of the blister agent sulfur mustard by early 1983 and the nerve agent tabun by 1984.
		Nerve agents typically act rapidly (within seconds of exposure) and may be absorbed through the skin or through the respiratory tract.
		The primary Iraqi chemical agents available for release at the time of Desert Storm were the blister agent sulfur mustard; the mixed nerve agents sarin and “cyclosarin” (also known as GB and GF, respectively); and the riot control agent CS—all well-known compounds.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/gulfwar/cwagents/cwpaper1.htm (349 words)

	CNS - CBW: Past Use
		April 1945 [CW] - Germans manufacture and stockpile large amounts of tabun and sarin nerve gases but do not use them.
		This incident is sometimes referred to as the first use of nerve gases, but according to SIPRI p.
		National Institute for Science Education, The Why Files, "Agent Orange Revisited" (http://whyfiles.news.wisc.edu/025chem_weap/dioxin.html).
	www.cns.miis.edu /research/cbw/pastuse.htm (1994 words)

	Chemical and Biological Attacks, Detection & Response FAQ
		Nerve Agents: These are agents such VX, Sarin, Soman, and Tabun.
		M8 paper is used to test liquid substances for the presence of nerve agents and blister agents.
		Agents may be removed naturally from the air by falling out (large particles fall out much more quickly), by sticking to the ground or vegetation, or by being removed by precipitation.
	www.ki4u.com /Chemical_Biological_Attack_Detection_Response.htm (1994 words)

	Chemical and Biological Attacks, Detection & Response FAQ
		Nerve Agents: These are agents such VX, Sarin, Soman, and Tabun.
		M8 paper is used to test liquid substances for the presence of nerve agents and blister agents.
		Agents may be removed naturally from the air by falling out (large particles fall out much more quickly), by sticking to the ground or vegetation, or by being removed by precipitation.
	www.ki4u.com /Chemical_Biological_Attack_Detection_Response.htm (1994 words)

	A look back at Gulf War One
		Analysis and modeling of Iraq's production facility lead us to estimate that Iraq is currently producing at least 6 tons per day of the blister agent mustard, between 1 and 2 tons per day of the nerve agent tabun, and limited amounts of the nerve agent saRin.
		In addition, it is researching pro- duction of the nerve agents soman, VG, and VX, AND the psyChochemicals BZ and EA3443.
		Iraq intends to continue and, in fact, to expand its CW agent production capability The Iraqis are becoming more sophisti- CATED AND SELF-RELIANT in their CW agent research and production efforts.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1265816/posts (1994 words)

	NEWYORK.COM Health & Wellness Center - Your #1 Source for health realted information and prescription drug price comparisons
		Tabun is a man-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent.
		It is possible that tabun or other nerve agents were used in chemical warfare during the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s.
		Nerve agents are the most toxic and rapidly acting of the known chemical warfare agents.
	www.newyork.com /tabun.html (1994 words)

	Nerve agent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nerve agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in animals.
		Iraq briefly used chemical weapons, including nerve agents, during the Iran-Iraq war of 1981-1988; the Kurdish village of Halabja was exposed to nerve agents, and controversy still rages as to whether this was a deliberate or accidental act.
		Nerve agents can be absorbed through the skin, requiring that those likely to be subjected to such agents wear a full body suit in addition to a gas mask.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nerve_gas (1994 words)

	Military Nerve Gas Agents
		Primary treatment for Tabun and several other nerve agents is Atropine Sulfate.
		Nerve agents can kill after being inhaled in vapors form or if the skin is exposed to them in liquid form.
		It is used to reactivate the the acetylcholinestrase that is bound by the nerve agent.
	www.emergency.com /2003/nerve_gas_bckgrndr.htm (1994 words)

	Tabun
		Tabun belongs to the G(erman)-class of nerve agent.
		Tabun was the first nerve agent to be discovered.
		Tabun is essentially absorbed through the skin, although vapours can also be hazardous.
	projects.sipri.se /cbw/cbw-agents/Tabun.html (1994 words)

	FindHealthNews : News, Reviews and Articles On Tabun
		Tabun (TA-bun) is a nerve agent that when vaporized has a fruity odor likened to bitter almonds...
		Currently, soldiers who are exposed to nerve agents such as tabun, sarin and VX give themselves an antidote called atropine by using an auto-injector syringe, a device that is much like the EpiPens that can stop allergic reactions if used immediately.
		Although tabun can be destroyed by its reaction with bleaching powder, that reaction causes another chemical reaction that produces the deadly blood agent cyanogen chloride...
	findhealthnews.com /files/Tabun.html (1994 words)

	Tabun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tabun is the first of the so-called G-series nerve agents (along with GB (sarin), GD (soman) and GF (cyclosarin)).
		Tabun, the first known nerve agent, was discovered accidentally in 1936 by the German researcher Dr.
		Tabun, like all nerve agents, is toxic even in minute doses.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tabun (1994 words)

	950719dl.txt
		IRAQ HAS PREVIOUSLY USED MUSTARD AND NERVE (TABUN, SARIN, AND GF) AGENTS AND HAS DEVELOPED A V-SERIES NERVE AGENT (VX) WHICH IS PROBABLY AVAILABLE IN LIMITED QUANTITIES.
		IRAQ HAS THE TECHNICAL CAPABILITY TO PRODUCE A DUSTY NERVE AGENT, BUT THERE IS NO US AND[ (b)(1) sec 1.3(a)(4) ] TESTS INDICATE THAT DUSTY AGENTS CAN PENETRATE US CBW OVERGARMENTS UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS.
		IRAQ PRODUCED AND USED A CHEMICAL WARFARE DUSTY AGENT DURING THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR.
	www.desert-storm.com /Gulflink/950719dl.txt (1994 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: North Korea: Chemical Capabilities
		Tabun (GA) nerve agent is reportedly produced and deployed in chemical weapons by the DPRK.
		Especially in comparison to the other G-series nerve agents (GB, GD), tabun is a persistent agent.
		This material is produced independently for NTI by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents.
	www.thenti.com /e_research/profiles/NK/Chemical/50_1065.html (1994 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Review of Acute Human-Toxicity Estimates for Selected Chemical-Warfare Agents (1997)
		GA (Tabun or ethyl n -dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate) is an organophosphate nerve agent and is a colorless, volatile liquid.
		--> 2— Review of Acute Human-Toxicity Estimates for GA (Tabun) GA (Tabun or ethyl n-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate) is an organophosphate nerve agent and is a colorless, volatile liquid.
		Review of Acute Human-Toxicity Estimates for GA (Tabun)
	www.nap.edu /books/0309057493/html/20.html (1994 words)

	CLOUDS OF WAR
		10 In addition, the JNA also produced the choking agent phosgene, the psychochemical incapacitant LSD-25, and the irritant chloropicrin, and experimented with laboratory quantities of the nerve agents soman, tabun and VX, the blister agents nitrogen mustard and lewisite, and the blood agent cyanogen chloride.
		The general symptoms of nerve agent exposure in order are: running nose, tightness of chest, dimness in vision and contraction of the pupils of the eye to pinpoints, difficulty in breathing, drooling and excessive sweating, nausea, vomiting, cramps, involuntary defecation and urination, twitching, jerking and staggering, headache, confusion, drowsiness, coma and convulsion.
		Blister agents are chemicals that affect the eyes and lungs, and blister the skin.
	www.hrw.org /reports97/clouds/Clouds-03.htm (1111 words)

	CLOUDS OF WAR
		10 In addition, the JNA also produced the choking agent phosgene, the psychochemical incapacitant LSD-25, and the irritant chloropicrin, and experimented with laboratory quantities of the nerve agents soman, tabun and VX, the blister agents nitrogen mustard and lewisite, and the blood agent cyanogen chloride.
		The general symptoms of nerve agent exposure in order are: running nose, tightness of chest, dimness in vision and contraction of the pupils of the eye to pinpoints, difficulty in breathing, drooling and excessive sweating, nausea, vomiting, cramps, involuntary defecation and urination, twitching, jerking and staggering, headache, confusion, drowsiness, coma and convulsion.
		Incapacitating chemical agents are intended to produce physiological or mental effects that prevent exposed military personnel from performing their duties for significant periods of time.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1997/clouds/Clouds-03.htm (1111 words)

	Hispanic Business - Top U.S. Hispanic Market Business and Finance News Magazine, Hispanic Media, US Hispanic, Hispanic advertising, Top stories, News Headlines, Research, Market Indices, Careers & Magazine
		The Reuters News Agency reported Maj. Michael Hamlet of the 101st Airborne Division said the nerve agents sarin and tabun and the blister agent lewisite appeared to be present at the site.
		Sarin, considered one of the most caustic nerve agents, can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
		Soldiers who were guarding the military compound reportedly began vomiting, and experienced dizziness and skin blotches — all symptoms of exposure to small amounts of nerve agent.
	www.hispanicbusiness.com /forum_old/readThread.asp?id=805 (1111 words)

	Tear Gases & Chemical Agents - Agent GA (Tabun)
		Tabun (GA) is a neurotoxic agent with an i.v.
		GA is a volatile, liquid anticholinesterase nerve agents that reacts irreversibly with the enzyme cholinesterase, thereby permitting a deleterious accumulation of acetylcholine at nerve endings, which can lead to rapid death.
		Tear Gases and Chemical Agents- Agent GA (Tabun)
	www.zarc.com /english/chemical/agentga.html (1111 words)

	Hector Rottweiller Jr's Web Log: How Auburndale, Massachusetts Got WMD Capability
		In sum, tabun production is relatively easy because it does not include the difficult alkylation reaction needed to make the other nerve agents.
		The first militarized nerve agent and the simplest to produce, tabun (GA), is made from four precursor chemicals: phosphorus oxychloride (POCl
		The major technical hurdle in tabun synthesis is the cyanation reaction (in which a cyanide group is added to the central phosphorus), because of the difficulty of containing the toxic hydrogen cyanide HCN gas used as the reagent..
	www.panix.com /~hncl/HectorsJournal/archives/000109.html (1111 words)

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