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Topic: Tachyphylaxis

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	Tachyphylaxis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tachyphylaxis is a medical term describing a rapidly decreasing response to a drug following administration of the initial doses.
		Repeated doses of ephedrine may display tachyphylaxis, since it is an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine which will deplete noradrenaline from the nerve terminal.
		Nicotine may also show tachyphylaxis over the course of a day, although the mechanism of this action is unclear.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tachyphylaxis (119 words)

	The Pathophysiological Consequences of Somatostatin Receptor Internalization and Resistance -- Hofland and Lamberts 24 ...
		Absence of tachyphylaxis to octreotide therapy in a patient with a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (A) and desensitization in a patient with metastatic carcinoid tumor (B).
		The induction of tachyphylaxis of responsiveness to SS-agonists
		The time-frame of the occurrence of tachyphylaxis in vivo on
	edrv.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/24/1/28 (8458 words)

	Phentermine tolerance, phen immunity, tachyphylaxis. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		There’s also something called ‘tachyphylaxis’ which is similar to tolerance or a different degree of tolerance.
		Tachyphylaxis is when you quit for a couple weeks (or years) and then you start taking the drug again, but the drug still doesn’t work like it did in the beginning.
		Bontril - Tachyphylaxis and tolerance have been demonstrated with all drugs of this class in which these phenomena have been looked for.
	www.anorectic-drugs.com /drugs/info/tolerance.html (243 words)

	Timmons & Hamilton: Drugs, Brains & Behavior -- Ch
		The term tachyphylaxis literally means rapid protection and is exemplified by the tolerance that develops to the effects of indirect acting drugs.
		The conclusion is that the tachyphylaxis is the result of a rapid emptying of the transmitter substance from the synaptic vesicles (see Figure 9.3d).
		This form of tachyphylaxis is a special case of tolerance that does not involve any particular reaction of the systems involved.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~lwh/drugs/chap09.htm (11017 words)

	Kosan Biosciences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The study data was reported in a poster entitled “Tachyphylaxis Assays for Motilin Drug Development”, on view Monday, May 17 in Hall F of the Morial Convention Center in New Orleans as part of the Digestive Disease Week Conference.
		Tachyphylaxis — a decrease in a drug’s efficacy with repeated dosing — appears responsible for the lack of efficacy of previous motilin agonists evaluated in human clinical trials.
		Two models of tachyphylaxis were used to study the effect of repeat dosing of the known motilin agonists— ABT-229, GM-611 and erythromycin — and Kosan’s agonists on the magnitude of the contractile response.
	www.kosan.com /news_view_pr.cfm?id=212 (493 words)

	The Role of Calcium in the Desensitization of Capsaicin Responses in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons -- Koplas et al. ...
		In general, the degree of tachyphylaxis increased with increases in external calcium concentration as seen for acute desensitization.
		intracellular nucleotides on the acute desensitization and tachyphylaxis
		Tachyphylaxis of capsaicin responses is dependent on intracellular nucleotides.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/17/10/3525 (7624 words)

	Biologictherapy.Org: Nurses' Corner: Tachyphylaxis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Tachyphylaxis is the rapid desensitization to a toxic substance produced by inoculation with a series of small doses, or a rapidly decreasing response to a drug following administration of the initial doses.
		For example, it is known that most patients develop tachyphylaxis to the early interferon side effects of fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms.
		Galligioni and colleagues found that patients with melanoma also showed tachyphylaxis in terms of cytokine secretion but not cytotoxicity during treatment with lipsomes (46).
	www.biologictherapy.org /nursecorner/nurse_path_tach.html (479 words)

	Tachyphylaxis to angiotensin II and [Phe4]-angiotensin II in the rat mesentery in vivo -- Tofovic and Jackson 276 (1): ...
		Tachyphylaxis to angiotensin II and [Phe4]-angiotensin II in the rat mesentery in vivo -- Tofovic and Jackson 276 (1): 13 -- Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics
		The existence of tachyphylaxis to angiotensin II (Ang II) in vivo is not
		The tachyphylaxis to intramesenteric (IMA) infusions of Ang
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/276/1/13 (328 words)

	Dual reuptake inhibitors incur lower rates of tachyphylaxis than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a ...
		Rates of tachyphylaxis were compared in venlafaxine and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which act as dual reuptake inhibitors, versus SSRIs.
		Rates of tachyphylaxis as a function of antidepressant class were compared.
		RESULTS: Rates of tachyphylaxis were significantly lower (chi(2) = 6.77, df = 1, p =.01) with the dual reuptake inhibitors venlafaxine and TCAs (3 [3.7%] of 82) compared to rates of tachyphylaxis with SSRIs (46 [14.1%] of 326).
	counsellingresource.com /medications-research/2005/07/17/dual-reuptake-inhibitors-incur-lower-rates-of-tachyphylaxis-than-selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors-a-retrospective-study (445 words)

	Neuropharmacology Mar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Moreover, animals showing tachyphylaxis to opioid effects exhibited normal responses to the agonists after icv-administration of myr(+)-G(i2)alpha subunits.
		These results suggest that during the course of an opioid effect a progressive reduction of receptor-regulated G-proteins occurs, and hence tachyphylaxis develops.
		Exogenous administration of myr(+)-G alpha subunits may be of therapeutic potential in improving agonist activity and accelerating the recovery of post-dependent receptors.
	www.cajal.csic.es /publicac/abstract/87.htm (194 words)

	CNS Spectrums
		A commonly described though not well-studied phenomenon is antidepressant tachyphylaxis, also known as the "poop-out" effect, in which antidepressant effectiveness erodes with long-term therapy.
		These residual and tachyphylaxis symptoms are reminiscent of an old concept in American psychiatry and one that is still accepted in numerous cultures around the world–the syndrome of neurasthenia.
		In cases of incomplete remission of symptoms or antidepressant tachyphylaxis, patients with an apathetic response or the syndrome of asthenia should be treated to balance monoamine neurotransmitters so that an excess in one neurotransmitter does not suppress the activity of the others.
	www.cnsspectrums.com /article.php3?id=42 (2161 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Functional and desensitizing effects of the novel synthetic vanilloid-like agent ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The tachyphylaxis observed in the perfused hindlimb is not likely to be related to a decrease in the viability of the preparation since the vasoconstrictor response increased.
		It is unlikely that these vascular resistance changes can explain the observed decrease in VO responsiveness (tachyphylaxis) since the elevated PP response was first observed after the third infusion when the VO response was normal (Figure 3).
		The ability of PPAHV to cause tachyphylaxis in this preparation, where other natural vanilloids cannot, is not surprising given that its structure is based on the ultrapotent vanilloid RTX, a compound renowned for its powerful desensitizing properties.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v131/n7/full/0703702a.html (3092 words)

	Tachyphylaxis to PACAP-27 after inhibition of NO synthesis: a loss of adenylate cyclase activation -- Whalen et al. 277 ...
		Tachyphylaxis to PACAP-27 after inhibition of NO synthesis: a loss of adenylate cyclase activation -- Whalen et al.
		Tachyphylaxis to PACAP-27 after inhibition of NO synthesis: a loss of adenylate cyclase activation
		Rapid tachyphylaxis to the hemodynamic effects of PACAP-27 after inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/5/R1453 (4581 words)

	Airway Neural Responses to Kinins . Tachyphylaxis and Role of Receptor Subtypes -- REYNOLDS et al. 159 (2): 431 -- ...
		Tachyphylaxis studies were performed in an open manner because emphasis was on the evaluation of objective indices of the
		To evaluate tachyphylaxis of neural responses, we initially studied subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis.
		Pharmacology of nasal provocation with bradykinin: studies of tachyphylaxis, cyclooxygenase inhibition, alpha-adrenergic stimulation, and receptor subtype.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/159/2/431 (5137 words)

	BeyondMass - Do Steroids Work?
		Rapid tolerance (tachyphylaxis) to steroids occurs in muscle tissue as the body attempts to maintain homeostasis.
		Tachyphylaxis is simply a pharmocological term meaning receptor desensitization.
		We all know that long term use of AS will cause this and if the body adapts, the obvious result is lack of positive notrogen balance, considering this is what AS does, increase nitrogen balance and protien synthesis.
	www.beyondmass.com /forums/showthread.php?threadid=9947 (940 words)

	Steroids are proven dangerous.
		Most of these side effects are seen with long-term use, but some may be noticed within days of starting therapy.
		Tachyphylaxis is the tolerance the skin develops to the vasoconstrictive action of topical steroids.
		After repeated use of topical steroids, the capillaries in the skin do not constrict as well, requiring higher doses or more frequent application of the steroid.
	www.beatpsoriasis.com /steroids.htm (517 words)

	Involvement of Ca2+ Mobilization in Tachyphylaxis to {beta}-Adrenergic Receptors in Trachealis -- Kume et al. 29 (3): ...
		Involvement of Ca2+ Mobilization in Tachyphylaxis to {beta}-Adrenergic Receptors in Trachealis -- Kume et al.
		Involvement of Ca Mobilization in Tachyphylaxis to ß-Adrenergic Receptors in Trachealis
		Tachyphylaxis to inhaled isoproterenol and the effects of methylpredonisolone in dogs.
	ajrcmb.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/3/359 (4025 words)

	Success, Failure, and Tachyphylaxis with Prophylactic Medication in a Migraine Population
		Response to migraine prophylaxis, variables potentially linked to response (age, sex, drug, headache type, number of prior trials), and tachyphylaxis were assessed.
		Age and sex had little impact on efficacy, while headache type, drug, and number of prior prophylactic trials were correlated with success rates.
		Of 412 patients table on a prophylactic agent for over 12 months, 64.4 (15.5%) were felt to experience tachyphylaxis.
	www.headachedrugs.com /archives/tachyphylaxis.html (323 words)

	APStracts 6:0421N, 1999. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Responses to repeated injections of 10% nicotine exhibited tachyphylaxis at 5-, 10- and 15-min interstimulus intervals.
		Significant tachyphylaxis was not seen with 1% nicotine.
		Repeated injections of high concentrations of nicotine led to tachyphylaxis and cross- tachyphylaxis with histamine, possibly relevant to peripheral analgesic effects of nicotine.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1999/jn/October/421n.html (340 words)

	http://www.bio-balance.com/
		The role of drug-receptor desensitization (tolerance, fade, tachyphylaxis or down-regulation) for future drug development.
		One of the perils of drug development is the occurrence of desensitization, which is also called tolerance, fade, tachyphylaxis or down-regulation.
		By using a patented approach, we create new, combination drug candidates that sustain the therapeutic response with a better side-effects profile than the original drugs.
	www.bio-balance.com /Drug-receptor.htm (416 words)

	Salmeterol: a long acting bronchodilator. Bhadoria D, Bhadoria P J Postgrad Med
		This is in contrast to other studies that have failed to show any tachyphylaxis over a period from one to three months[18],[19],[22].
		However, it must be noted that studies not showing any tachyphylaxis had a large number of patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids which are known to facilitate the effects of catecholamine, and have been shown to reverse the tachyphylaxis of high dose of salbutamol in normal individuals[23].
		Thus it is possible that tachyphylaxis to salmeterol in these studies was not apparent or delayed as a result of concomitant corticosteroid administration.
	www.jpgmonline.com /article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=1995;volume=41;issue=1;spage=24;epage=6;aulast=Bhadoria (1578 words)

	Dual reuptake inhibitors incur lower tachyphylaxis rates than SSRIs : Epilepsy.com
		The possibility that SSRIs "may be associated with higher relapse rates than other antidepressants during maintenance treatment (tachyphylaxis) has been discussed for years, but to date there is little or no empirical evidence confirming this phenomenon," psychiatrists in the United States explained.
		"Rates of tachyphylaxis were compared in venlafaxine and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which act as dual reuptake inhibitors, versus SSRIs," the scientists wrote in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.
		"Rates of tachyphylaxis were significantly lower (chi2=6.77, df=1, p=0.01) with the dual reuptake inhibitors venlafaxine and TCAs (3 [3.7%] of 82) compared to rates of tachyphylaxis with SSRIs (46 [14.
	www.epilepsy.com /newsfeed/pr_1124199011.html (427 words)

	APStracts 2:0314N, 1995.
		Repeated 30 second applications of 1 [mu]M capsaicin separated by 0.5, 2.5 and 5.5 minutes all induced tachyphylaxis.
		Tachyphylaxis decreased exponentially until the current remained approximately constant.
		Decreasing the time between capsaicin applications increased the extent of tachyphylaxis, whereas elimination of extracellular Ca ++ markedly reduced tachyphylaxis.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1995/jn/November/314n.html (269 words)

	The Hidden Dangers of b-Agonists
		Regular β-agonist use may increase the risk of tachyphylaxis and cardiovascular events in asthma and COPD patients.
		• One study suggests that regular use of β-agonists causes tachyphylaxis to its effects, which may lead to an increased risk of asthma attacks.
		These reductions indicate an attenuation of the bronchodilator response to subsequent β-agonist administration (drug tolerance or tachyphylaxis).
	www.pulmonaryreviews.com /sep04/sep04_pr_Bagonists.html (710 words)

	Involvement of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide in opossum internal anal sphincter relaxation -- Chakder ...
		Tachyphylaxis with PACAP or VIP was achieved by repeated administration of single doses of PACAP or VIP (10
		Effects of PACAP and VIP antagonists (A) and PACAP and VIP tachyphylaxis (B) on fall in IAS tension by different concentrations of forskolin.
		The influence of PACAP tachyphylaxis on the neurally mediated
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/4/G769 (4701 words)

	Changes in uterine venous prostaglandin F metabolites following intravenous infusion of ritodrine in sheep -- Laifer et ...
		The effectiveness of the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist ritodrine as a tocolytic agent is limited by the tachyphylaxis that occurs with its sustained usage.
		Using general anesthesia in five pregnant sheep, we placed catheters in the aorta and vena cava and in the uterine vein from the uterine horn.
		These results suggest that ritodrine stimulates PGF2 alpha production, and this may contribute to the tachyphylaxis that occurs with ritodrine and limits its long-term effectiveness as a tocolytic agent.
	www.greenjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/78/5/753 (319 words)

	Characteristics of tachyphylaxis to inhaled histamine in anesthetized dogs -- Antol et al. 65 (5): 1938 -- Journal of ...
		Characteristics of tachyphylaxis to inhaled histamine in anesthetized dogs -- Antol et al.
		Characteristics of tachyphylaxis to inhaled histamine in anesthetized dogs
		We conclude that histamine tachyphylaxis in vivo is not
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/65/5/1938 (189 words)

	Kosan's Lead Motilin Agonists Show Minimal Tachyphylaxis in Preclinical Models
		NEW ORLEANS, May 17 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Kosan Biosciences Inc. (Nasdaq: KOSN) announced today the results of a study demonstrating that the potency of its lead motilin agonists could be separated from untoward tachyphylaxis and that, unlike other motilin agonists tested, the lead Kosan agonists demonstrated minimal tachyphylaxis.
		Tachyphylaxis -- a decrease in a drug's efficacy with repeated dosing -- appears responsible for the lack of efficacy of previous motilin agonists evaluated in human clinical trials.
		Two models of tachyphylaxis were used to study the effect of repeat dosing of the known motilin agonists -- ABT-229, GM-611 and erythromycin -- and Kosan's agonists on the magnitude of the contractile response.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/05-17-2004/0002175518&EDATE= (807 words)

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