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Topic: Tack (square sail)

	Steel: "Explanation of the Technical Terms Relative to Sails, and Description of the Tools Used in Sail-Making", 1794. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		HOLES in sails are made with an instrument, called a stabber or a pegging-awl, and are fenced round by stitching the edge to a small grommet; such are the holes on the head of a sail for the rope-bands or lacing of square sails, and for seizings on sails that bend to hoops and hanks.
		A triangular sail, bent at the foremost leech to a yard that hoists obliquely to the mast, and is connected with it, at one third the length of the yard.
		A triangular sail, used in boats, bent at its foremost leech to hoops or grommets that slide on the lower mast: the peek or head is attached to a small topmast, that slides up, in the direction of the lower-mast, through two hoops fixed, at its head, about three feet asunder.
	www.bruzelius.info /Nautica/Etymology/English/Steel(1794)_p86.html (2337 words)

	CONSTITUTION's Sail Power
		The "square" sail was rarely square, but it was hung from a spar that, at rest, was set across a mast, perpendicular ("square") to the length of the ship.
		To "take a reef," a square sail was drawn up until one of several lines of "reef points," short lines sewn into the body of a sail, was brought to the yardarm where they were tied off, thereby reducing the effective sail area.
		A "tack" was the line on the lower corner of a square sail used to draw it forward.
	www.polkcounty.org /timonier/speaks/book19.html (1564 words)

	sail types
		It was tightened to the aft with a diagonal spar.
		The gaff sail is set with a peak halliard (the zigzag line between the gaff and the mast on the left stamp) and a throat halliard.
		A trapezoid sail is a square sail with two parallel edges of different length (as with the Philippine boat depicted on the stamp to the left).
	www.palouse.net /hobbies/shipstamps/Topics/html/segel.htm (1927 words)

	At Sea glossary
		A square sail hung from a yard on the mast.
		A sailboat sailing on a tack with the wind coming over the starboard side and the boom on the port side of the boat.
		A triangular sail similar to the jib, set on a stay forward of the mast and aft of the headstay.
	www.chron.com /content/interactive/voyager/sail/glossary/s.html (1847 words)

	Dragonship Terms (The Shattered World Glossary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The surface of a sail is reduced by folding a portion of the sail up and tying it to the yard.
		A rectangular sail attached to a horizontal yard centered (approximately) on a mast.
		An additional sail rigged to the windward side of a topsail or gallant to gather extra wind when a ship is running or on a reach.
	home.earthlink.net /~theshatteredworld/tsw_dships_defs.html (1656 words)

	Shipbuilding Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Mainsail: The principal sail of a sailing vessel.
		Sail Burton: The block and tackle that extends from the heads of the topmasts to the deck in square rigged ships, used for hoisting the sails aloft when they are bent on to the yards.
		In Square rigged ships, it is the rope used to hold in the lower corners of the courses and staysails on the weather side.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /vessels/terms.htm (4682 words)

	Weatherly Square Riggers Technology Design Consultancy for Sail Training Ships & Vessels Worldwide by Philip Goode ...
		It struck him that the square topsails being fitted to this magnificent vessel on her foremast, the conventional location, were going to contribute little but pretty looks, and windage in the wrong place.
		Sailing close hauled out of Portixol harbour under reduced sail into the scale equivalent of a 68 knot onshore wind (a situation vastly in excess of trial requirements, but we were there anyway) it was suddenly noticed that the windvane had been disconnected by the violent motion and the model was steering itself.
		Working sail area is 523 sq.m (5627 sq.ft) and steps have been taken at every stage of the rig design to ensure that in off season deliveries she can be handled by five or six professionals.
	www.weatherlysquareriggers.com (2641 words)

	European Voyages of Exploration: Shipbuilding
		One reason for this was that in order to fill their sails properly these ships had to travel into the wind at a minimum angle of 67 degrees.
		By the end of the fifteenth century, another sail, the sprit sail, was fixed on the bowsprit to help better control the caravel.
		If the sail should happen to break loose during the manoeuvre, there was the danger that the ship could be turned on its side.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/ship.html (1181 words)

	Used Boats for Sale \| A Boat Trader Directory of Yachts and Boats
		Rope used to lash a sail to a gaff, or a bonnet to a sail.
		Lie-To, is to stop the progress of a vessel at sea, either by counterbracing the yards, or by reducing sail so that she will make little or no headway, but will merely come to and fall off by the counteraction of the sails and helm.
		In the middle of the chain is a large square link, whose lower end terminates in a swivel, which turns round in the chain as about an axis, whenever the ship veers about with the change of the tide.
	www.usedboats.com /nautical-terms-glossary.htm (11772 words)

	Sail a model skipjack,and lug rig sailboat made from a kit
		The sail was given a few tabs for 'hanks' tacked down with clear tape, and the head of the sail was attached by simply tying a reef knot with the stay around its head.
		The sails tack would be secured to various positions at the bow and the mainsheet secured to various positions at the stern and so it required at least two crewmen to sail efficiently.
		The sails foot is bunched up along the boom and the clips "reef" it down, they should not be made so tight that they damage the sail.
	www.seadercraft.com /sailboats1.html (1601 words)

	[No title]
		Rows of small ropes on a sail, parallel to the yard or gaff, with which the sail is tied up when it is reefed.
		A large deep-cut square sail set on the fore lower yard by many topsail schooners when running before the wind.
		Square sail set above the spritsail on a yard from the spritsail topmast, a small mast mounted on the bowsprit, usually found in old warships.
	www.calstatela.edu /faculty/eviau/edit557/vespucci/sharron/navterm3.htm (1416 words)

	luff - yourDictionary.com - American Heritage Dictionary
		To steer a sailing vessel closer into the wind, especially with the sails flapping.
		To sail (a vessel, such as a yacht) closer into the wind during a race so as to prevent an opponent's craft from passing on the windward side.
		To raise or lower (the boom of a crane or derrick).
	www.yourdictionary.com /ahd/l/l0282600.html (100 words)

	Small Boat Odyssey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Daphne and Gary also sail all the way after a brief and futile attempt to row their broad-beamed Walker Sailing Dinghy into the wind.
		On each tack I slide the oar out and take five to ten hard strokes, Steve puts the helm over, ducks under the main sheet, and reruns it through a notch in the sternpost, Francisco then sheets us in on the new tack.
		When we round the corner at Hunter Cut and take the wind on our beam and then our stern quarter, we are able to slack the tack of the sail, letting the yard come up almost perpendicular to the mast like a square sail.
	www.nps.gov /safr/local/odyssey.html (1438 words)

	The Proa FAQ
		Instead of tacking, a proa switches bow for stern by reversing the sail and rudder in a sort of a switchback maneuver sometimes called shunting.
		The sailor tacks (shunts?) by pulling the tack of the sail from one end (bow?) to the other with a continuous loop tack line and shifting the steering oar.
		The tack line is also a continous loop going from the tack of the sail back along the lee side of the hull then back through the hull under the seats and akas to the tack of the sail.
	www.boat-links.com /proafaq.html (3524 words)

	NASA tests solar sail technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		A 20-meter square sail was deployed and its orientation controlled in a vacuum chamber designed to mimic space at NASA's Glenn Research Center in Ohio, developers ATK Space Systems said in a press release.
		Solar sail propulsion uses energy from the sun in the same way that a sailing boat is powered by the wind, reducing the need for a spacecraft to carry heavy fuel reserves.
		Solar sails, designed to be propelled by pressure from sunlight, are seen as a potential means for achieving interstellar flight, allowing such spacecraft to gradually build up great velocity and cover large distances.
	www.canadiancontent.net /forums/about5432.html (1660 words)

	MULTIHULL SAILBOATS
		The Bravo's large sail area makes it responsive in light winds, while the roller-furling main and square-top sail design allows for controlled sailing in all wind conditions.
		Its so easy to tack and gybe that complete novices can be sailing solo in short order and the Hobie Wave has performance that will get proficient sailors excited to sail more often.
		After 30 years the Hobie 16 is still the #1 rental and sailing school catamaran, due to its durability, speed, and meeting disAbilities requirements – the ADA (with addition of Trapseats).
	www.sail-s.com /Hobie_Cats/Hobie_Cats.htm (2408 words)

	Julian Dixon's Polylingual Translating Dictionary and Glossary for Viking Ships and other ancient Sailing Craft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Words in the dictionary now are included for all kinds of sailing vessels, but still with an emphasis on historic craft.
		A spar to hold out the lower leading corner of a square sail when sailing with the wind abeam (word stems from from beidevindsås, lit.
		If more than one sail is aloft at a time, that nearest the mast is known as a genoa, the foremost is known as a jib (which itself is a type of staysail as it flies from the stays).
	hem.passagen.se /progenator/danglish36htm5.htm (2836 words)

	Newboats.com - All the Boats. All the specs. All the time.
		Brigantine- is a two-Masted vessel fore mast being square rigged.
		After mast (4th mast) on schooner or sailing ship carrying a spanker.
		Broad pennant is a square piece, carried in the same way, in a commodore's vessel.
	www.newboats.com /nautical_terms.jsp (12209 words)

	CAI eMagazine: Offshore Outsourcing
		In the Middle Ages, the invention of the triangular (or lateen) sail enabled Arab sailors to tack into the trade winds as compared to the square sail that only let them sail in the direction of the winds.
		In the past the Arab ships engaged in the spice trade would sail with the northeastern monsoon winds to India, wait for about six months and then ride the southwestern monsoon winds back to Arabia.
		With the advent of the lateen sail, no more were voyage schedules determined by the direction of the wind.
	www.imakenews.com /seroper/e_article000258052.cfm (1919 words)

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