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Topic: Tacoma Narrows

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	Tacoma Narrows New Bridge Project
		In Tacoma, Washington a second Tacoma Narrows is scheduled to be constructed along side the existing structure.
		Tacoma Narrows Constructors, a joint venture of Bechtel and Kiewit Pacific, is responsible for carrying out the bridge design and construction project.
		TACOMA – The Washington State Department of Transportation today issued a “notice to proceed” to Tacoma Narrows Constructors, the project’s design-build contractor, and TransCore, the project’s toll supplier and installer.
	www.bridgepros.com /projects/TacomaNarrows/TacomaNarrows.htm (1347 words)

	Questions and Answers
		Tacoma Power looked at several options for adding capacity and found that replacing the existing towers and lines would be the most cost-effective and would affect the area the least.
		Tacoma Power would face many issues in an attempt to repair the existing towers, but one of the biggest challenges would be removing the lead-based paint that has been on the towers since 1926.
		Tacoma Power, BPA and Peninsula Light share a common goal to provide reliable service to their customers and will reach that goal by keeping one of the two lines in service at all times.
	www.ci.tacoma.wa.us /power/towertalk/q_and_a.htm (2097 words)

	University of Washington Special Collections -- Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tacoma Narrows Bridge shortly after collapse showing approach and bridge tower with hanging bridge deck, November 7, 1940.
		The storm cable assembly and catwalks are shown during the construction of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, January 10, 1940.
		The original Tacoma Narrows Bridge was built between November 1938 and July 1, 1940.
	www.lib.washington.edu /specialcoll/exhibits/tnb (607 words)

	WSDOT - Tacoma Narrows Bridge: Extreme History
		In 1998 the public was asked, "Should the Tacoma Narrows Bridge be modified and a parallel bridge constructed, financed by tolls on bridge traffic and operated as a public-private partnership?" A majority of the voters answered "Yes." Since then, WSDOT and Tacoma Narrows Contractors (TNC) have been developing plans for the new bridge.
		The newest Tacoma Narrows Bridge is being built next to the current bridge.
		The first Tacoma Narrows Bridge, completed and destroyed in 1940, earned the nickname "Galloping Gertie." We use the "Gertie" label or "1940 Narrows Bridge." The bridge we drive over today was completed in 1950.
	www.wsdot.wa.gov /TNBhistory (616 words)

	The Collapse of the (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Built over forty years ago the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was a lesson to civil engineers to come in the future.
		The Tacoma Narrow Bridge was built to withstand the static force of a 125-mile an hour vertical wind.
		I think that the engineers who designed the Tacoma Narrows Bridge were completely ethical in their construction of the bridge, they were under a lot of pressure to build the bridge at a minimum cost and with a minimum amount of materials.
	www.cems.alfred.edu /students98/sonnevnj/TACOMA.HTML (858 words)

	Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was the third-longest suspension bridge in the United States at the time, with a length of 5939 feet including approaches.
		This weakness was due to the shallowness of the stiffening girders and the narrowness of the roadway, relative to its span length.
		James Koughan, "The Collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Evaluation of Competing Theories of its Demise, and the Effects of the Disaster of Succeeding Bridge Designs," The University of Texas at Austin, 1996.
	www.vibrationdata.com /Tacoma.htm (1364 words)

	Tacoma Narrows Bridge
		The Tacoma Narrows is the single point in the 20,000 square miles of Puget Sound where the Washington mainland and the Olympic Peninsula are close.
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was known for its tendency to sway in windstorms.
		The significance of the first Tacoma Narrows Bridge, to a large extent, is derived from its startling collapse on November 7, 1940.
	www.nwrain.com /~newtsuit/recoveries/narrows/narrows.htm (474 words)

	Rachel Martin 1999 REU Site at UAB Tacoma Narrows Bridge Case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tacoma Narrows light appearance, however, was no illusion.
		Even though the Tacoma Narrows Bridge adhered to all of the safety standards and its oscillations were not considered a threat, Prof.
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse showed engineers and the world the importance of dampening, vertical rigidity, and torsional resistance in all suspension bridges (Ross, 1984).
	www.eng.uab.edu /cee/reu_nsf99/tacoma.htm (1959 words)

	Tacoma Narrows - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tacoma Narrows, a strait, is part of Puget Sound.
		It is created by the close approach of the Kitsap Peninsula to the Washington state mainland.
		Spanned by the Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Washington State Route 16) that connects the city of Tacoma.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tacoma_Narrows (77 words)

	HistoryLink Essay: Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapses on November 7, 1940.
		The bridge spanned the Tacoma Narrows, a deep, narrow section of Puget Sound that separates Pierce County from the Kitsap Peninsula.
		The bridge disaster was a tragedy for Tacoma, which lost the retail trade from Kitsap County and a connection to the Bremerton Navy Yard during the years of World War II.
		Leonard Coatsworth, a Tacoma reporter, was driving across the bridge with his dog Tubby in the car.
	www.washington.historylink.org /output.cfm?file_id=5048 (739 words)

	Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On November 7, 1940, at approximately 11:00 AM, the first Tacoma Narrows suspension bridge collapsed due to wind-induced vibrations.
		Situated on the Tacoma Narrows in Puget Sound, near the city of Tacoma, Washington, the bridge had only been open for traffic a few months.
		Here is a small, short (250 frames - 10 seconds?) but biggish (700K) excerpt of a MPEG video clip of the action, showing the maximum torsional motion shortly before failure The origin of this sequence is unknown, but it has probably been lifted from the 20 minute silent film that is available from:
	cee.carleton.ca /Exhibits/Tacoma_Narrows (106 words)

	Tacoma, Washington (Cities)
		Lying along Interstate 5, Tacoma is the county seat and largest city in Pierce County.
		Tacoma was shaped by a series of booms and busts that began after Swedish settler Nicholas de Lin started the first business in 1852.
		Tacoma is part of the Tacoma, WA metro area.
	www.ohwy.com /wa/t/tacoma.htm (231 words)

	CFD Review \| CFD Used to Study Tacoma Narrows Currents
		The Tacoma Narrows, site of one of engineering's most infamous failures, is subjected to enormous tidal currents each day.
		The strong currents are complicating the job of constructing a new bridge across the narrows.
		Harsh conditions in the Narrows have required the development of innovative equipment and construction techniques, and have inspired an almost fanatical commitment to safety at Tacoma Narrows Constructors, the company building the bridge.
	www.cfdreview.com /application/03/07/23/139253.shtml (984 words)

	Internet Archive: Details: Stillman Fires Collection: Tacoma Fire Dept (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The footage of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapsing in 1940 is truly a sight to see.
		I've been across the "new" Tacoma Narrows bridge many times (I think they are building another one to accomodate the traffic) and always think of this event as I've seen it on film.
		The Tacoma bridge is built, with some amazing and exciting footage of men dangling from cages to put the beast together, after a (of course) pompous bridge opening ceremony, Disaster strikes, as the bridge starts weaving to and fro, it's still pretty incredible to see such footage today.
	www.archive.org /details/Pa2096Tacoma (671 words)

	Narrows Bridge \| TheNewsTribune.com \| Tacoma, WA
		The toll-collection facility for the new Tacoma Narrows bridge is starting to take shape, providing commuters with their first look at what promises to be one of the state’s most unpopular structures.
		The new Tacoma Narrows bridge towers will be made of concrete, but the concrete being used is very different from the type sold in bags at the local hardware store.
		Construction of the Tacoma caisson of the new Tacoma Narrows bridge is five weeks behind schedule, according to a report released Monday by the state Department of Transportation.
	www.thenewstribune.com /news/projects/narrows_bridge (4613 words)

	NewBayBridge.org - Site Challenges - Tacoma Narrows Bridge
		Situated on the Tacoma Narrows in Puget Sound, near the city of Tacoma, Wa., the bridge had only been open for traffic a few months.
		With its shallow stiffening trusses and slender towers, the bridge across the Narrows was the epitome of artistry in bridge construction.
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was nicknamed Galloping Gertie for its tendency to sway in windstorms.
	www.newbaybridge.org /the_bridge/tacoma_narrows_bridge.html (322 words)

	Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was the first suspension span constructed in the United States after its predecessor's failure in 1940 from wind-induced torsional oscillations.
		Research of design flaws in the first Tacoma Narrows Bridge led to the use of aerodynamic testing as a standard procedure in suspension span structural analysis.
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge, despite the embarrassment it caused those involved with its design, has played a significant role in creating more sophisticated analytical tools for engineers to use.
	www.civl.port.ac.uk /comp_prog/tacoma/tacoma.htm (375 words)

	The Tacoma Narrows Bridge
		Clark Eldridge came up with a plan to span the Tacoma Narrows with a 5000 foot two-lane suspension bridge, which when completed would be the third longest suspension bridge in the world.
		The Tacoma Narrows bridge may have been the first bridge to sink in Washington State, but certainly wasn't the last.
		One of the theories given for the bridge's failure was resonance; that the wind flowing through the deck of the bridge excited the structure to its natural resonance, causing the failure.
	homepages.tscnet.com /rickc/tnb (1888 words)

	Narrows currents might yield electricity \| TheNewsTribune.com \| Tacoma, WA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Salmon and whales pass through the Tacoma Narrows, octopuses thrive in its deep, cold waters, and it is an important channel for marine traffic.
		Plus, he said, the Narrows has one other advantage: Because of the construction of the Tacoma Narrow bridges, a lot is known about its seabed.
		Because of the marine traffic, Klein said the devices couldn’t be strung across the entire Tacoma Narrows and probably would be located between the shore and the caissons of the bridges.
	www.thenewstribune.com /news/local/story/5082737p-4630866c.html (1165 words)

	BUILDING BIG: Databank: Tacoma Narrows Bridge
		On the morning of November 7, 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge twisted violently in 42-mile-per-hour winds and collapsed into the cold waters of the Puget Sound.
		Moisseiff strengthened his narrow bridge with a solid steel girder beneath the roadway.
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was replaced in 1950 by a new bridge stiffened with a truss.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/buildingbig/wonder/structure/tacoma_narrows.html (294 words)

	HistoryLink Essay: Tacoma Narrows Bridge, second edition, opens to traffic on October 14, 1950.
		Years of study followed the collapse of the first Tacoma Narrows Bridge, which became a textbook case of problems to avoid in building suspension bridges.
		The second Tacoma Narrows Bridge, built from 1948 to 1951, has perforated girders and open grating in the deck that lets the wind pass through.
		In 2003 WSDOT began construction on a third Tacoma Narrows Bridge, parallel to and south of the existing bridge.
	www.historylink.org /output.cfm?file_id=7113 (631 words)

	History of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The original, 5,939-foot-long Tacoma Narrows Bridge, popularly known as "Galloping Gertie," opened to traffic on July 1, 1940 after two years of construction, linking Tacoma and Gig Harbor.
		For the next 10 years, Tacoma and Gig Harbor/the Olympic Peninsula were once again unconnected by bridge.
		The sunken remains of "Galloping Gertie" were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 to protect her from salvagers.
	www.ketchum.org /tacomacollapse.html (387 words)

	Tacoma Narrows Bridge Disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The original Tacoma Narrows Bridge was known as "Galloping Gertie" because of its rolling, undulating behavior.
		The nature and severity of the torsional movement is revealed in this image below taken from the Tacoma end of the suspension span.
		When the twisting motion was at the maximum, elevation of the footpath at the right was 28 feet (9m) higher than the footpath at the left.
	www.glendale-h.schools.nsw.edu.au /faculty_pages/ind_arts_web/bridgeweb/Tacoma_page.htm (604 words)

	Failure Magazine-Archives-Science & Technology-Tacoma Narrows Bridge
		Connecting the Olympic peninsula with Washington State's mainland, the Tacoma Narrows' main span measured 2,800 feet, making it the third longest suspension bridge in the U.S. Most notable about the design, however, was its surprisingly slender frame.
		The Tacoma Narrows wasn't the only new suspension bridge of the period that suffered from excessive motion.
		While it's unclear whether the Narrows' principal engineer, Leon Moisseiff, was aware of the problems plaguing these other new bridges (he almost certainly was), he argued for cost-cutting adjustments to the original design and against initiatives that would detract from the bridge's appearance.
	www.failuremag.com /arch_science_tacomanarrows.html (1548 words)

	MOHAI
		As in other suspension bridges, the concrete roadway for the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge hung from the bridge's two slender towers.
		The winds blowing through The Narrows were so strong that the deck rippled in waves and made some workers seasick.
		This January 1940 photo shows construction workers on a narrow catwalk on the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge.
	www.seattlehistory.org /photo_database/photo_preview.cfm?photoid=7730 (127 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge
		The original Tacoma Narrows Bridge stretched 1,810 m (5,940 ft) across a narrow channel of Puget Sound near Tacoma, Washington.
		After two years of construction, the bridge opened to traffic on July 1, 1940.
		In 1992 the bridge’s sunken remains were placed on the United States National Register of Historic Places.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461550807_0_-1_1_56k/media.html (145 words)

	Tacoma Narrows
		The Tacoma Narrows is the only point in the Puget Sound where the Washington mainland and the Olympic Peninsula come close together.
		From this authority, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge underwent construction.
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was to be completely revolutionary in its design.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /phys/invention/case_studies/disasters/tacoma_narrows.html (613 words)

	DJC.COM: Study eyes Narrows stormwater damage, provided by Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce
		TACOMA (AP) -- The state Department of Ecology has asked the builders of the new Tacoma Narrows Bridge to explain how a large washout occurred near the existing bridge during last week's torrential rainfall.
		The washout occurred on the Gig Harbor side of the Narrows, where Tacoma Narrows Constructors has its site for the project to build the new span next to the existing bridge.
		The runoff washed out part of a road beneath the bridge and carved a chasm up to 40 feet deep between the bridge and a cluster of homes on a nearby bluff.
	www.djc.com /news/en/11150321.html (208 words)

	Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was the first suspension bridge across the Narrows of Puget Sound in Washington State.
		Until the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, suspension bridges were built with little theoretical understanding of their dynamics.
		After the collapse of the bridge, an engineering analysis determined that the section of the bridge formed by the roadway and the large thick supports on its side, called stiffening-plate girders, did not absorb the turbulence of wind gusts; at the same time, the narrow, two-lane roadway gave the span a high degree of flexibility.
	www.math.utah.edu /~balk/2250/tnarrows_html (599 words)

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