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	Tacrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tacrine is a parasympathomimetic and a centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitor (anticholinesterase).
		Tacrine was the prototypical cholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
		The use of tacrine is limited by poor oral bioavailability, the necessity for four-times daily dosing, and considerable adverse drug reactions (including nausea, diarrhoea, urinary incontinence and hepatotoxicity) such that few patients could tolerate therapeutic doses (Sweetman, 2005).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tacrine (231 words)

	Cognex Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Tacrine - RxList Monographs
		Cognex® (tacrine hydrochloride) is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, known chemically as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-acridinamine monohydrochloride monohydrate.
		Tacrine hydrochloride is commonly referred to in the clinical and pharmacological literature as THA.
		Tacrine hydrochloride is a white solid and is freely soluble in distilled water, 0.1N hydrochloric acid, acetate buffer (pH 4.0), phosphate buffer (pH 7.0 to 7.4), methanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, and propylene glycol.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic2/tacrine.htm (155 words)

	Tacrine in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
		Tacrine (Cognex®) was the first FDA approved drug for the treatment of the memory problems of Alzheimer's disease.
		Tacrine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-aminoacridine or THA) is a planar three ring acridine with minimal substitution of an amino group in the five position.
		Tacrine is rapidly absorbed with a bioavailability of between 10 to 30 percent.
	www.haciendapub.com /article31.html (3840 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Tacrine (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tacrine (TAK-reen) is used to treat the symptoms of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.
		Tacrine seems to work best when it is taken at regularly spaced times, usually four times a day.
		Taking tacrine together with medicines that are sometimes used during surgery or dental or emergency treatments may increase the effects of these medicines.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202722.html (1476 words)

	Natural MD - Tacrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tacrine is used to treat Alzheimer’s disease and is in a class of drugs known as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
		Tacrine often causes elevations of a liver enzyme in the blood that indicates potential liver damage.
		For the convenience of the reader, the information in the summary is categorized as follows: “Depletion or interference” indicates the drug may deplete or interfere with the absorption or function of the supplement or herb.
	www.naturalmd.com /NaturalMD/content/Drug/Tacrine.html (655 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Polarized Light Gallery - Tacrine (Cognex)
		Although tacrine was marketed for many years as a respiratory stimulant, only recently has it been prescribed to treat the symptoms of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.
		Tacrine is known as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-acridinamine monochloride monohydrate (or tetrahydroaminoacridine) to biochemists and features 13 carbons, 14 hydrogens, 2 nitrogens plus a molecule of water (2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen) and a molecule of hydrochloric acid (1 hydrogen and 1 chlorine atom) for a molecular weight of 252.74.
		Tacrine slows the breakdown of the chemical messenger acetylcholine, which is apparently accelerated in the cerebral cortices of early Alzheimer's sufferers.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/polarized/tacrine.html (277 words)

	Facts about Tacrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tacrine inhibits the action of cholinesterase, one of the enzymes that breaks down acetylcholine.
		To date, tacrine has been studied only in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's who were otherwise in generally good health (without heart, lung, liver, or kidney disease.) It is currently approved for use only in mild to moderate stages.
		The most common side effect of tacrine is an increase in a particular liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase, or ALT).
	www.alz.org /grtrcinc/aaMedTacrine.htm (333 words)

	Research and Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tacrine was administered throughout the study to 40.9% of residents and was discontinued in 59.1%.Reasons recorded for discontinuation included nonresponse (21.4%),serum ALT elevation (17.2%), and gastrointestinal intolerance(12.1%).
		Tacrine was stopped abruptly in 188 residents (87.4%) and was tapered in 27 (12.6%).
		Tacrine doses and durations of therapy were comparable, and treatment occurred long enough to include the time period in which ALT elevations would be expected.
	www.ascp.com /publications/tcp/1997/jan/npstunfr.html (4750 words)

	Tacrine Slows Alzheimer's Disease
		Tacrine, sold under the name Cognex, is a cholinesterase inhibitor.
		It is believed to help slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting the natural breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain, thus increasing the amounts of the chemical capable of carrying messages between brain cells.
		The results suggest that "tacrine has an overall beneficial, but small effect on cognitive function" and physicians' ratings of patients' improvement, the researchers say.
	www.personalmd.com /news/a1998112409.shtml (299 words)

	Tacrine Slows Cognitive Deterioration For Alzheimer's Patients
		The researchers conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effects of tacrine hydrochloride on cognitive performance, clinical global impression, behaviour and functional autonomy among Alzheimer's patients.
		Tacrine belongs to a class of drugs known as cholinesterase inhibitors.
		For the meta-analysis, the effect of tacrine compared to placebo was measured at 12 weeks.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/16CECE3D09416EED852566C6007261DB (680 words)

	Dr. William K. Summers - Tacrine: Revisited
		Tacrine (Cognex(r)) was the first FDA approved drug for the treatment of the memory problems of Alzheimer's disease.
		HISTORY Tacrine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-aminoacridine or THA) is a planar three-ring acridine with minimal substitution of an amino group in the five position.
		In the 1950's tacrine was used experimentally to reverse cholinergic coma in animals.
	www.alzcorp.com /article9.html (4162 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Polarized Light Microscopy Gallery - Tacrine
		Tacrine is a planar three-ring acridine that was first synthesized by Australian Dr. Adrian Albert in the 1940s during his attempts to develop a new intravenous antiseptic that could be used to aid injured troops fighting in World War II.
		Tacrine achieves its effect in the body by slowing the breakdown of the chemical messenger acetylcholine, which is heavily associated with learning and memory processes.
		Of most concern is the fact that tacrine is sometimes associated with liver problems, though any damage caused by the drug is generally believed to be reversible.
	www.olympusmicro.com /galleries/polarizedlight/pages/tacrinesmall.html (297 words)

	Development and Characterization of a New Model of Tacrine-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Role of the Sympathetic Nervous ...
		Tacrine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
		It is hypothesized that tacrine, by inhibiting acetylcholine breakdown
		As tacrine is metabolized, it is proposed that resistance in the sinusoids decreases because of diminishing stimulation of
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/282/3/1591 (4730 words)

	tacrine Drug Information
		However, it is believed that tacrine prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine in your brain.
		Tacrine is used to improve thinking and memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
		Tacrine is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether tacrine will harm an unborn baby.
	www.drugs.com /MTM/tacrine.html (1008 words)

	tacrine - Alzheimer's Disease information on MedicineNet.com
		Tacrine is in a class of drugs called cholinesterase inhibitors that also includes rivastigmine (Exelon), donepezil (Aricept), and galantamine (Reminyl).
		Tacrine was approved by the FDA in 1993.
		PRESCRIBED FOR: Tacrine is used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
	www.medicinenet.com /tacrine/article.htm (570 words)

	SATURABLE DISTRIBUTION OF TACRINE INTO THE STRIATAL EXTRACELLULAR FLUID OF THE RAT: EVIDENCE OF INVOLVEMENT OF MULTIPLE ...
		tacrine, indicating that the distribution to the brain is saturable.
		are the uptake of cations in the presence and absence of tacrine,
		Pharmacokinetics of Tacrine in the Plasma and the Striatal ECF
	dmd.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/33/3/440 (5824 words)

	Tacrine Oral - (Cognex) - Patient Handout from WebMD
		Tacrine does not cure Alzheimer's disease, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to take part in everyday life.
		Tacrine works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.
		Before taking tacrine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies.
	webmd.com /drugs/drug-8935-Tacrine+Oral.aspx?drugid=8935&...+Oral (965 words)

	Treatment outcome of tacrine therapy depends on apolipoprotein genotype and gender of the subjects with Alzheimer's ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Treatment outcome of tacrine therapy depends on apolipoprotein genotype and gender of the subjects with Alzheimer's disease.
		We analyzed data from a previously reported 30-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tacrine, in which APOE genotypes were determined from previously collected plasma samples.
		Patients were assigned to placebo or tacrine with daily dosages of 80, 120, or 160 mg/day.
	iucar.iu.edu /center/person/hui/ab_36.htm (248 words)

	Tacrine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease Tacrine is safe and effective -- Pendlebury et al. 308 (6942): 1506 -- BMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tacrine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease Tacrine is safe and effective -- Pendlebury et al.
		Efficacy of tacrine and lecithin in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.
		Serum concentrations of tacrine hydrochloride predict its adverse effects in Alzheimer's disease.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/308/6942/1506 (2032 words)

	Effects of Bis(7)-Tacrine on Spontaneous Synaptic Activity and on the Nicotinic ACh Receptor of Torpedo Electric Organ ...
		Bis(7)-tacrine is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in which two tacrine molecules are linked by a heptylene chain.
		Effects of tacrine, velnacrine (HP029), suronacrine (HP128), and 3,4 diaminopyridine on skeletal neuromuscular transmission in vitro.
		Cantí C, Bodas E, Marsal J, and Solsona C. Tacrine and physostigmine block nicotinic receptors in Xenopus oocytes injected with Torpedo electroplaque membranes.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/86/1/183 (3809 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		All these studies indicate that tacrine may be improved for it selectivity and potency.
		Many derivatives of tacrine were made in order to reduce the side effects or increase the potency of tacrine.
		The tacrine derivative or its salt may be administered to a patient suffering from Alzheimer disease
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/17529.010315&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2759 words)

	Sample Document
		Renal impairment does not appear to affect the clearance of tacrine and its metabolites.(1) [3563,3643] However, some clinicians state that the drug should be used with caution in such patients because of possible fluid and electrolyte disturbances that could result from adverse GI effects (vomiting, diarrhea) of the drug.(32)
		Tacrine as a treatment for Alzheimer's dementia: an interim report from the FDA.
		Tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine; THA) and lecithin in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a multicentre trial.
	openaccess.dialog.com /business/samples/PharmDrugRegistry.html (814 words)

	Tacrine (Systemic)
		It is not known whether tacrine passes into breast milk.
		Studies on this medicine have been done only in adult patients, and there is no specific information comparing use of tacrine in children with use in other age groups.
		Studies on tacrine have been done only in middle-aged and older patients.
	allnutritionals.com /drugs/t/tacrine-systemic.shtml (1465 words)

	Tacrine ( Cognex ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Mice were injected with one of the belladonna alkaloids (0.05-50 mumol.kg-1, i.p.) and tacrine (50 mumol.kg-1, s.c.) 30 min before the first session.
		The avoidance-memory deficit caused by Sco 0.05-5 mumol.kg-1 or Atr 5 mumol.kg-1 was completely or partly attenuated by tacrine, which did not antagonize the memory deficit elicited by Sco and Atr 50 mumol.kg-1, AT3 5 and 50 mumol.kg-1, and Ani 50 mumol.kg-1.
		During the acquisition, the locomotor activity of the mice was inhibited by tacrine.
	www.nootropic.com /tacrine (211 words)

	Efficacy of tacrine and lecithin in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: double blind trial -- Maltby et al. 308 ...
		Efficacy of tacrine and lecithin in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: double blind trial -- Maltby et al.
		In this study no clinically relevant effect of tacrine was found over nine months of treatment, and nine of the 53 subjects withdrew because of liver toxicity
		Tacrine is not clinically useful for patients with Alzheimer's disease
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/308/6933/879 (604 words)

	Tacrine Drug Information
		Breast-feeding-It is not known whether tacrine passes into breast milk.
		Children-Studies on this medicine have been done only in adult patients, and there is no specific information comparing use of tacrine in children with use in other age groups.
		Smoking tobacco-Smoking may cause lower blood levels of tacrine, which may decrease the effects of tacrine; if you smoke, your doctor may need to change the dose of tacrine
	www.drugs.com /cons/tacrine.html (1739 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Tacrine
		Tacrine is used to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, but it does not cure the disease.
		Tacrine comes as a capsule to take by mouth.
		Do not stop taking tacrine without talking to your doctor, especially if you have taken large doses for a long time.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a693039.html (666 words)

	Alzforum: Drugs In Clinical Trials - Tacrine
		This is generally the toxicity that most concerns and limits the use of Tacrine.
		Mansouri A, Haouzi D, Descatoire V, Demeilliers C, Sutton A, Vadrot N, Fromenty B, Feldmann G, Pessayre D, Berson A. Tacrine inhibits topoisomerases and DNA synthesis to cause mitochondrial DNA depletion and apoptosis in mouse liver.
		A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of tacrine in Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease.
	www.alzforum.org /dis/tre/drc/detail.asp?id=90 (307 words)

	Amazon.com: Tacrine - one small step for Alzheimer's patients. (Cognex) : An article from: Medical Update [HTML]: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tacrine - one small step for Alzheimer's patients.
		Because of recent clinical tests, FDA approval has now been given for the marketing of a drug that had been rejected twice by an advisory panel.
		The drug, called tacrine, will be sold by Warner-Lambert Co. under the brand name Cognex.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B00091ZCBC?v=glance (305 words)

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