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Topic: Tactical bombing

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	Tactical bombing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tactical bombing uses aircraft to attack troops and military equipment in the battle zone.
		This is in contrast to strategic bombing, which attacks an enemy's cities and factories to debilitate the enemy's capacity to wage war.
		Tactical bombing began in World War I when pilots dropped small bombs over the side of their open cockpits onto enemy troops below.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tactical_bombing (257 words)

	Strategic bombing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is different from the tactical event of strategic bombing, which involves strategic bomber aircraft, cruise missiles, or fighter-bomber aircraft attacking targets determined during the organization of the strategic bombing campaign.
		Strategic bombing missions usually attack targets such as factories, railroads, oil refineries and cities, while tactical bombing missions attack targets such as troop concentrations, command and control facilities, airfields, and ammunition dumps.
		The Bombing of Guernica: the first aerial bombardment in history in which a civilian population was attacked with the apparent intent of producing total destruction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strategic_bombing (2958 words)

	Strategic bombing - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ultimately though, it was the use of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki that ended the war in the Pacific.
		In the Vietnam war, strategic bombing in Operation Rolling Thunder was supposed to be non-stop, but the lack of political will by the Johnson Administration meant that the campaign was never as effective as it could have been.
		Strategic bombing took on a more personal role, as strikes against individual leaders were considered, and approved, in the case of Saddam Hussein or disapproved, in the case of Slobodan Milosevic.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /s/st/strategic_bombing.html (2010 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		As the effectiveness of aircraft as a tactical weapon increased, consideration was given to the establishment of air forces independent of a nation's ground forces.
		This was especially true of tactical air support for the ground troops, which was a crucial part of Germany's successful form of mechanized warfare, the blitzkrieg.
		Airplanes were used for strategic and tactical bombing, attacking of naval and merchant ships, transportation of personnel and cargo, mining of harbors and shipping lanes, antisubmarine patrols, photographic reconnaissance, and support of ground, naval, and amphibious operations.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:airforce (895 words)

	World War II FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During the war 440,000 bombs fell in the Berlin area, using a 5% failure rate means that some 22,000 bombs failed to explode.
		A: Strategic bombing is the bombing of military-industrial targets such as aircraft plants, munition factories and oil refineries.
		Tactical bombing is more concerned with hitting objectives on or near the battlefield to affect the battles outcome.
	www.ww2guide.com /ww2faq.shtml (1709 words)

	Dictionary : Strategic_and_Tactical_Bombing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Military experts usually categorize bombing in two ways: strategic bombing and tactical bombing.
		Strategic bombing is bombing of enemy targets such as industrial plants, port facilities, and railway bridges.
		Tactical bombing is bombing that is directed against enemy military forces and other military targets and enemy strongholds.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/bombing/DI124.htm (137 words)

	Hank’s Eclectic Meanderings: The Horror of the Trenches.
		When President Truman was looking at the decision to use the atomic bomb, he was comparing a known horror burned in his memory that would have been repeated when Japan was invaded, against an abstraction of the results of an unproven weapons system.
		Looking through hindsight, it was the tactical operations that proved the greatest contribution to the war effort; and it seems that the tactical element has consistently proven of greatest value.
		The strategic bombing was really beyond the technologies of the time, but did make some contribution to victory, but some commentators have suggested the idea the assets would have been better directed in to a few more ground divisions and tactical air support.
	eclecticmeanderings.blogspot.com /2005/08/horror-of-trenches.html (1156 words)

	Strategic Bombing In Iraq War
		As a result of improvements in guidance and in bombing conditions, it appears that during Operation Iraqi Freedom, guided bombs hit the buildings they were aimed at nearly 100 percent of the time.
		Strategic bombing enthusiasts have claimed that in the future, wars could be won by bombing alone.
		Tactical bombing is usually directed at more short-term targets, like radars, command and control, and weapons.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/899344/posts (1571 words)

	Strategic Planing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Although the use of nuclear weapons falls into the category of strategic bombing, perhaps as the ultimate form thereof, the term is usually used in reference to conventional bombing from aircraft or cruise
		A strategic bomber is a large aircraft designed to drop large amounts of ordnance on a distant target for the purposes of debilitating an enemy's capacity to wage war.
		Unlike tactical bombers, which are used in the battle zone to attack troops and military equipment, strategic bombers are built to fly into an enemy's heartland to destroy its factories and cities.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/172/strategic-planing.html (1424 words)

	B-66 Destroyer / A3D Skywarrior
		Tactical bombing is the bombing conducted, usually by tactical air units, in support of surface forces.
		Bombing to achieve air superiority or to carry out interdiction is a part of tactical bombing, although the term tends to be restricted to battle area operations.
		TAC could put the aircraft to good use for high-altitude bombing, but the command's close air support missions would probably be better served by the Martin B-51.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/systems/b-66-dev.htm (1032 words)

	The Bombing of Germany, 1943 - 1945
		Bombing Germany was also hampered by the Kammhubber line, a formidable wall of anti-aircraft spotlights, radar systems, anti-aircraft guns and night fighters that destroyed any British bombers which dared to cross (Barker 93).
		It was the culmination of British bombing strategy over the course of ten years that dictated that once air superiority was achieved, long range bombers could have apocalyptic effects on enemy populations.
		With the advent of the long-range bomber, and the design of the atomic bomb, the very nature of how war was fought inside and outside the borders of a country were changed fundamentally, forever.
	www.stanford.edu /~e2wu/histday/germany.htm (1117 words)

	Air Power:The Role of Bombing in World War II
		Furthermore, their experience in the Spanish Civil War had shown that strategic bombing was largely ineffectual, inflicting little moral or material damage on the enemy.
		But compared to the Allied bombings of Germany later in the war, these were small excursions because of the limited carrying capacities of the airplanes.
		The frequency of bombings greatly decreased, and even the V-1 raids in the summer of 1944 and the V-2 raids in the last six months of the war did not faze Londoners.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Air_Power/Bombing/AP27.htm (1885 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Tactical bombers are smaller aircraft that operate at shorter range, typically along with troops on the ground.
		bomb, V bomber, light bomber, dive-bombers, torpedo-bombers, strategic bombers, strategic bombing, stealth bombers, low-level bombing,...
		The USAAF bombers penetrated deep into Reich territory and maintained daylight bombing of industrial targets, without fighter escort (which had been demonstrated as necessary even against derisively weak Chinese fighter attacks), while their RAF colleagues (who had learned better) continued with the offensive by conducting night operations.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Strategic-bomber.htm (956 words)

	Operation Linebacker II
		The primary objective of the bombing operation would be to force the North Vietnamese government to enter into purposeful negotiations concerning a cease-fire agreement.
		Navy tactical air attack sorties under Linebacker II were centered in the coastal areas around Hanoi and Haiphong.
		The impact of the bombing was obvious in the severe damage to the North Vietnamese logistic and war-support capability.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/linebacker-2.htm (1028 words)

	[No title]
		This type of bombing is a combination of level and dive bombing.
		This type of bombing can be carried out during an impulse after air-to-air and ground-to-air combat, but before maneuver marking OR during the Change Phase after the aircraft changes altitude.
		Fighters and Bombing: The pilots of fighters and fighter-bombers cannot make air-to-air attacks in the same impulse in which they drop bombs or fire rockets (other gunners may still attack).
	www.warflag.com /mustangs/mods/Bombing_and_Flak_Rules.doc (2211 words)

	Striving for Air Superiority
		Strategic bomb- ing is killing the cow." Most nations have historically chosen between building tactical and strategic air forces; rarely has a state given equal weight to both.
		The advantages of tactical air power are obvious today as small wars and petty tyrants bedevil us, but in a Cold War world split between continental superpowers, strategic bombing took precedence, with calamitous consequences.
		Hannah shows how a tactical air force that won a victory in World War II deteriorated into a second-rate force fly- ing aging aircraft during the early years of the Cold War, recovered briefly over Korea, then slid into obsolescence during the 1950s.
	www.tamu.edu /upress/BOOKS/2001/hannah.htm (357 words)

	Lone Sentry: Protection Against Dive Bombing (WWII Tactical and Technical Trends, No. 33, September 9, 1943)
		According to an American officer recently returned from Tunisia, while dive bombing is extremely trying to the nerves of unseasoned troops, it produces few casualties, particularly when slit trenches are at hand.
		machine-gun fire is available, the bombers are forced to remain at altitudes from 500 to 1,000 feet, which makes their machine-gun fire ineffective and their bombing with from 100 to 300-pound bombs inaccurate.
		One unit of 190 men was bombed 26 times in a day, for the most part by individual planes, with the loss of three men; another experienced three 30-plane attacks, with very few casualties.
	www.lonesentry.com /articles/ttt/dive-bombing.html (409 words)

	The Normandy Project: Introduction - Strategic Bombings
		During the summer the tactical air units were able to help the ground forces in breaking out of the Normandy beachhead.
		The American Air Force was used for beachhead support, carrying supplies and the bombing of German supply routes to the Normandy area.
		Heavy bombers were used for tactical bombing of the German front lines.
	cghs.dade.k12.fl.us /normandy/introduction/strategic_bombings.htm (1084 words)

	Amazon.com: To Destroy a City: Strategic Bombing and Its Human Consequences in World War II: Books: Hermann ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Area bombing is the bombings whose targets were largely the populations, the centers, and usually the working class districts of cities.
		In the course of explaining the history of bombing, Knell produces a very interesting history of the years between the turn of the century and the Second World War, sparing neither the Allied or Axis governments for their roles in fomenting the war as well as the failure of various disarmanent schemes.
		Strategic bombing's contribution to the war effort has been debated and questioned since the war, but no one can justifiably claim that the overall campaign was "unnecessary" or that its losses "cannot be excused" simply because the morale bombing failed to win the war single-handedly.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0306811693?v=glance (4271 words)

	KUNSAN AIR BASE: How It Was - 8TH FIGHTER WING HISTORY (1955-1974)
		From 1958-1964, the nuclear commitment at Kunsan was handled by the 3rd Bomb Wing's B-57s and TDY's with F-100Ds from the 14th TFW at Kadena AB.
		Bombs were carried on multiple weapons racks on the centerline of the fuselage, and on wing pylons.
		When the bombing of North Vietnam was halted in November 1968, the wing's mission turned to interdiction missions against the flow of supplies down the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
	www.kalaniosullivan.com /KunsanAB/8thFW/Howitwasb1a4.html (14530 words)

	Amazon.com: Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War (Cornell Studies in Security Affairs): Books: Robert A. Pape (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Overall, his dismissal of strategic bombing is based on normally objective criteria but, especially for recent conflicts, can be rather one-sided -- he slants his reasoning to support his thesis whereever it doesn't fit well.
		Because of this, he deprecates the effects of the late stage "strategic" bombing of Germany, because "tactical" bombing of some of the same targets was taking place simultaneously.
		For most of this century, many political and military leaders have subscribed ardently to strategic bombing as just such an indirect means, and it is the base of experience which this has generated to which Pape turns to test and refine his hypotheses.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0801483115?v=glance (2022 words)

	From the Volturno to the Winter Line: Strategic Air Missions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		On 21 October the air forces attempted to cut both coastal and lateral communications to Rome from the north by bombing the railroad on the western coast and a highway bridge at Terni.
		In contrast to Allied strategic and tactical bombing, the enemy effort was very weak in Italy.
		Our strategic bombing benefited both the Fifth and Eighth Armies by disrupting traffic, reducing the effectiveness of the German Air Force, cutting communications, and destroying large quantities of supplies.
	www.army.mil /Cmh-Pg/books/wwii/volturno/volturno-stratair.htm (554 words)

	Mission 24 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The purpose of this mission was to blast a hole in the German front lines with a large scale tactical bombing, 300 yards, in front of the British and Canadian positions.
		Our bomb load was fragmentation bombs to kill enemy troops, not dig holes.
		After the bombing and before the Germans could recover, the British were to launch a large scale offensive trying for a major breakthrough.
	www.chuckallan.com /history/Mission24.html (345 words)

	Air interdiction -
		Air interdiction is the use of aircraft to attack tactical ground targets that are not in close proximity to friendly ground forces.
		It differs from close air support because it does not directly support ground operations and is not closely coordinated with ground units.
		Unlike strategic bombing, air interdiction is not meant as an independent air campaign; its ultimate purpose is still to allow ground operations rather than to defeat an enemy by air power alone.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Air_interdiction (169 words)

	A-7D Tactical Fighter - Navigation and Weapon Delivery System - aeroengineer.net
		The A-7D navigation and weapon delivery system frees the pilot during an attack run from a compulsory straight path approach to the target (precalculated dive angle, airspeed, altitude and pipper-on-target), which considerably reduces vulnerability to enemy fire.
		The HUD, driven by the computer, provides a continuous representation of steering, velocity and extrapolated target location, A flight path marker indicates where the airplane is going.
		During weapons delivery, an azimuth steering line depicts the path along which the bomb impact will move in time.
	www.aeroengineer.net /history/a7/a7d3.html (374 words)

	The Next World War-2 views. [Free Republic]
		Continuous strategic and tactical bombing of Chinese targets must follow the first strike.
		Continuous strategic bombing, trade sanctions, and the threat of a large allied army near its Korean border should force the Chinese sue for peace within a few months at most.
		The idea that we can launch full "tactical" attacks on China, North Korea, and the Middle East components of the "Axis" (at the same time) is absurd.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3886a307675b.htm (2596 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - CTD when tactical bombing in MP
		Very first Tactical attack of the war (from me) caused a CTD for me instantly.
		It seems that its not related to tactical bombing at all, its related to sync problems, you will crash to desktop for example when two fleets engage, or when two airforces get into combat.
		Both happened on the exact second a Tac Bomb was attempted, by the Swedish player.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?s=&postid=1176851 (1825 words)

	Service of General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon with USAF
		The first USAF F-16 unit in Europe was the 50th Tactical Fighter Wing based at Hahn AB in Germany, with Block 15 F-16A/Bs replacing F-4E Phantoms in July of 1982.
		The first European-based unit to operate the F-16C was the 86th Tactical Fighter Wing based at Ramstein AB in Germany, which switched to the Block 30 F-16C/D from the F-4E Phantom in December of 1985.
		In January of 1984, the 419th Tactical Fighter Wing based at Hill AFB in Utah became the first Air Force Reserve unit to operate the F-16, taking delivery of F-16A/B blocks 1, 5, and 10 aircraft transferred to it from the 388th TFW, also based at Hill.
	home.att.net /~jbaugher4/f16_9.html (3960 words)

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