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Topic: Tactical voting

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	Tactical voting: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		However, although no practical method is strategy-free, the type of tactical voting and the extent to which it affects the timbre of the campaign and the results of the election vary dramatically from one voting system to another.
		Since then tactical voting has become a real consideration in British politics as is reflected in by-elections and by the growth in sites such as who encourage tactical voting as a way of defusing the two party system and empowering the individual voter.
		Tactical voting is fine in theory and as an intellectual discussion in the drawing room or living rooms around the country, but when you actually get to polling day and you have to vote against your principles, then it is much harder to do.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/ta/tactical_voting.htm (1186 words)

	Encyclopedia: Tactical voting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In voting systems, tactical voting (or strategic voting) occurs when a voter misrepresents his or her sincere preferences in order to gain a more favorable outcome.
		A voting system is a process that allows a group of people to express their tolerances or preferences about a number of options, and then selects one or more of those options, typically in a way meant to satisfy many of the voters.
		For instance, the random ballot voting method, which randomly selects the ballot of a single voter and uses this to determine the outcome, is strategy-free, but may result in different choices being selected if applied multiple times to the same set of ballots.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tactical-voting (434 words)

	Plurality voting system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In single winner plurality voting, each voter is allowed to vote for one candidate, and the winner of the election is whichever candidate represents a plurality of voters, that is, whoever received the largest number of votes.
		The arguments for a plurality voting system rely heavily on the preservation of the one person one vote principle (OMOV), as cited by the Supreme Court of the United States, wherein each voter is only able to cast one vote in a given election, where that vote can only go to one candidate.
		Voters are pressured to vote for one of the two candidates they predict are most likely to win, even if their true preference is neither, because a vote for any other candidate will be likely to be wasted and have no impact on the final result.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_past_the_post (3346 words)

	BBC NEWS \| VOTE2001 \| TALKING POINT \| Tactical voting - trick or treat?
		Tactical voting would be pointless if either the SDP-wing of the LDs became annihilated, leaving a real Liberal Party, or the current election system was replaced by a simple yes/no vote of confidence in the sitting MP at the dissolution.
		Tactical voting is a form of PR that the public have realised works in our unfair system - instead of voting first and second choice though, we simply leave out our first choice if they can't win, and go straight for our second choice.
		Tactical voting is a cynical attempt by a minority to overturn the wishes of the majority.
	news.bbc.co.uk /vote2001/hi/english/talking_point/newsid_1338000/1338902.stm (8352 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Archive Search
		Millbank's attempt to stamp on talk of tactical voting in advance of the election will be seen as an attempt to soothe disquiet among activists concerned that a clear election message of support for Labour could be obscured.
		The voting analyst John Curtice, deputy director of the Economic and Social Research Council's centre for research into elections and social trends, last night ridiculed as "absolute rubbish" Millbank's suggestion that tactical voting played no part in Labour's 1997 victory.
		Tactical voting in 1997 gained Labour an estimated 15-21 seats from the Tories and the Liberal Democrats a further 10-14, he added.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Archive/Article/0,4273,4179882,00.html (490 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Politics \| Election 2005 \| Switching sides: the myths and the reality
		Since many voters don't have a clue about the tactical situation in their constituency, it is difficult to vote tactically in such circumstances even if you do happen to live in a marginal seat; a supposedly tactical vote cast in ignorance is likely to be wasted or counterproductive.
		Whenever tactical voting is mentioned, someone usually mentions the Observer/Scotland on Sunday polls of marginal seats in 1997, which are credited with helping to defeat a string of Conservative MPs, including Michael Portillo.
		Whereas traditional tactical voting is about opponents of a party voting for the best-placed alternative, protest voting is about a party's supporters - in this case, nearly all Labour - deliberately choosing to vote for another party or not to vote at all out of protest at their favoured party's behaviour.
	politics.guardian.co.uk /election/story/0,15803,1475025,00.html (692 words)

	New Labour, New Tactical Voting?
		Tactical voting between Labour and the Liberal Democrats is therefore central to understanding and explaining the outcome of the 1997 general election.
		The first indication that we examine of the incidence of tactical voting in 1997 is the pattern of the constituency results.1 Table 1 analyses the average change in party support between 1992 and 1997 according to the tactical situation in a constituency.2 It strongly suggests that anti-Conservative tactical voting occurred on a significant scale.
		The main indicator of tactical voting in the BES series is a question which has been asked as part of the cross-section election study at each of the last four elections.
	www.strath.ac.uk /Other/CREST/p64.htm (6097 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Politics \| Election 2005 \| The tactics of tactical voting
		Tactical voting - when people vote not for the party they really like, but for another in order to keep out a more disliked rival - played a role in the 1997 and 2001 polls.
		There is a strong interest among voters in tactical voting for the 5 May election, if the number of websites devoted to it is anything to go by.
		He said people who "had voted for different parties to get rid of the Conservatives in 1997" were now returning to their "normal" voting preferences.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/frontpage/4421237.stm (1193 words)

	empty moat: Tactical Voting Can Be a Weak Strategy
		Tactical voting is probably overvalued by millions of would-be rational voters in first-past-the-post elections.
		Given that the overarching goal of the rational voter is to shape public policy to conform as closely as possible to his preferences, his net expected utility might be defined as the sum of three factors, which we'll call the Immediate-Election Utility, the Policy-Shift Utility, and the Future-Election Utility.
		However, the Immediate-Election Utility of voting for a compromise candidate is often greater than that of voting for a preferred candidate.
	emptymoat.blogspot.com /2004/07/tactical-voting-can-be-weak-strategy.html (700 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Opinion - And the winners are ... the tactical voters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This joy of tactical voting is one of the few pleasures offered by the Westminster voting system, where a vote for a losing candidate counts for nothing.
		Tactical voting will perhaps be more appealing in this election than any other because, once you cut through the spin, there has seldom been less difference between the two contenders for 10 Downing Street.
		Vote for peace") which is a comprehensive guide to voting along the anti-war agenda, separating Labour’s doves from its hawks.
	news.scotsman.com /opinion.cfm?id=361692005 (1551 words)

	Voting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Votes were written on ostraka, which were broken pots, and from this name comes our present word to ostracise.
		Tactical voting leads one to think of the rigorous formulation of such problems using game theory.
		For each candidate who receives more votes than the quota, the number of votes in excess of the quota is calculated and their second preferences are allocated to the remaining candidates.
	www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/HistTopics/Voting.html (2041 words)

	In Defense of Tactical Voting (Sometimes)
		A vote for a Democrat could hypothetically prevent a third party from obtaining some crucial proportion of the popular vote that entitles the party to political benefits in the future.
		Put another way, the marginal benefit of a vote for a third party candidate in a winner-take-all system who has no chance of winning is close to zero; while the marginal benefit of that same vote to a major party candidate could be the difference between winning and losing.
		So by automatically voting for the lesser evil we make it more likely that over time the lesser evil will become more and more evil, and perhaps even more evil than the greater evil is today.
	www.wpunj.edu /newpol/issue37/Shalom37.htm (6313 words)

	STRATEGIC VOTING, DEMOCRACY'S TACTICAL DEFEAT
		Canadians have one vote and it is reserved for the candidate who best represents their views.
		Strategic votes cast for second choice candidates are lost, as they reward candidates you do not value.
		There is another consequence of strategic voting; electing second-rate candidates from "mainstream" parties lowers democracy's overall standard and the quality of elected politicians.
	www.quebecoislibre.org /031108-3.htm (748 words)

	Tactical voting -[ruv.net : Information Portal]-
		Compromising (sometimes favorite-burying) is a type of tactical voting in which a voter insincerely ranks an alternative higher in the hope of getting it elected.
		For all the same reasons that voters might decide to vote tactically, campaign donors and activists may decide to tactically support or not support candidates with their money and labor, thus leading to results similar to those caused by tactical choices by the voters.
		A campaign can be sunk before it ever starts because it fails to convince enough sympathetic people that the campaign is viable, and hence worth backing.
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/ta/Tactical_voting.html (824 words)

	Tactical voting - Electowiki
		Burying-compression is a burying strategy that involves insincerely giving two candidates an equal ranking (or truncating, which generally amounts to the same thing).
		Push-over is a type of strategic voting that is only useful in methods that violate monotonicity.
		It may involve a voter ranking an alternative lower in the hope of getting it elected, or ranking an alternative higher in the hope of defeating it.
	wiki.electorama.com /wiki/Tactical_voting (1260 words)

	Vote Dorset
		Tactical vote swapping by progressive voters in 2001 helped to deliver victory to the Labour candidate in South Dorset and to the Lib Dem candidate in Mid-Dorset and North Poole.
		We ask you to consider using your vote tactically in support of the sitting Lib Dem MP Annette Brooke.
		We ask you to consider using your vote tactically in support of the sitting Labour MP Jim Knight.
	www.votedorset.net (1099 words)

	ZNet \|Third Party \| In Defense of Tactical Voting (Sometimes)
		This is the "endorse" versus "vote for" distinction I made earlier.
		Voting for does not limit our freedom of action or our ability to tell the truth.
		D.C., you may wish to vote for the Nader ticket regardless of the state in which you reside.
	www.zmag.org /content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=33&ItemID=5737 (5942 words)

	Tactical voter
		Some of you got the result you wanted in both seats, some in one and a few were beaten in both seats.
		In New Forest East, for example, the heroic inactivity of the Labour candidate, Steve Roberts, and the efforts of a local, cross-party tactical voting campaign shifted 4,000 votes across to the Lib Dems, but this was not enough in the face of a local surge by the Tories.
		I sincerely hope we'll be out of business come 2009, because electoral reform is now on the agenda for the government as a matter of self-interest as well as democratic piety.
	www.tacticalvoter.net (287 words)

	Europhobia: Tactical voting
		where the Labour vote is 24.8% and the Liberal Democrat vote is 32.5%.
		And the more I hear Labour telling me how a vote for the Lib Dems is a vote for the Tories when that's so blatantly yet another lie, the more I feel tempted to abandon my current anti-war, anti-ID card, anti-detention without trial Labour MP and chuck a vote at Charlie and co.
		So no one in Eastbourne trusts the Lib Dems enough to vote for them even though they'd like to be rid of Waterstone.
	europhobia.blogspot.com /2005/04/tactical-voting.html (979 words)

	Tactical Voting in British General Elections (UK or Britain): Reasons to vote tactically
		Tactical Voting in British General Elections (UK or Britain): Reasons to vote tactically
		Tactical Voting in British General Elections (UK or Britain)
		4) The natural inclination of an increasing number of people now is to vote against a party (as all three of the national parties are “broad churches”) and tactical voting provides a good mechanism for maximising the impact of an individual vote against a party;
	tacticalvoting.blogspot.com /2004/12/reasons-to-vote-tactically.html (192 words)

	MSN Encarta - Dictionary - tactical voting definition
		MSN Encarta - Dictionary - tactical voting definition
		Search for "tactical voting" in all of MSN Encarta
		voting to prevent another's victory: the act of voting for the second strongest candidate in an election with a view to preventing the strongest candidate from winning
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_561508497_561590030/prevpage.html (83 words)

	Murky.org: More on Tactical Voting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For more information about voting tactically and protest voting, this is a good read.
		Bottom line: The Tories would need to be 5% ahead of labour to break even in seats.
		This weblog is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
	www.murky.org /archives/2005/04/more_on_tactica.html (283 words)

	Tactical Voting
		In the last election, tactical voting was seen to work for the first time.
		This will give you details of the 1997 poll and guidance as to how you may use your vote effectively.
		If you're a Liberal-Democrat voter and are uncertain about voting for Labour, you can contact a Labour voter who will agree to vote Liberal-Democrat in his or her own constituency, or vice versa.
	www.thhd.fsnet.co.uk /indexms_new.html (259 words)

	Syringe.Net.Nz - Tactical Voting
		I reckon there are some fantastic opportunities for tactical voting during this coming election.....
		If Rodney Hide pushes ahead in Epsom the best thing that Labour could do would be t have their supporters back Richard Worth.
		But anyway, it looks like he has a pretty good chance so any right leaning voter with half a brain in that electorate should really switch their vote.
	www.syringe.net.nz /PermaLink,guid,e082d8ae-a832-4009-8dbe-9cb39e1a8ba0.aspx (98 words)

	Home - Tactical Voting - Save the UK from Blair! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Home - Tactical Voting - Save the UK from Blair!
		In 2001-2004 the following Labour MPs had slim majorities (153 to 1074) and could be removed by tactical voting:
		Braintree - Labour MP Alan Hurst had a majority of only 358 and was beaten by Conservative Brooks Newmark (pictured)
	www.tacticalvoting.net (662 words)

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