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Topic: Tadjik language

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	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Indian language
		Linguists think of Hindi and Urdu as the same language, the difference being that Hindi is written in Devanagari script and draws vocabulary from Sanskrit, while Urdu is written in Arabic script and draws on Persian and Arabic.
		Urdu writing is quite complex due to the fact that the language derives its sources from Persian and Arabic as well as Hindustani, the dialect of the Gangetic plains, formalised in modern Hindi.
		It is believed that Urdu is closest to Tadjik[?], the language of a province on the outer periphery of the Persian Empire.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/in/Indian_language?title=Kashmiri (947 words)

	Discovery :: Archive :: Voyage. ABC of Tadjikistan
		Tadjik is the name used in Tadjikistan and Dari is the Afghan name for Farsi, the Arabic word for Parsi, Persian, used in the West, as the letter P is not known in the Arabic language.
		Tadjik and Dari are part of the Indoeuropean languages with their sub groups Indoiranian and finally western Indoiranian.
		Tadjik is devided in 4 groups, the northern dialect also spoken in southern Ouzbekistan and Kyrghyzstan, the central dialect of Matcha, Aini, Gissar and Varzob, the southern version of Badakhshan for instance and the south east dialect of Pianj and Darvaz.
	www.silkpress.com /old/archive/discovery/autumn2004/voyage2.shtml (600 words)

	OHCHR: Tajiki () - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Tajik language (sometimes written Tadjik or Tadzhik ; то ҷ ик ӣ, تاجیکی ‎, tojikí [[t ɔ ː d ʒɪ ˈki]) is a variant of the Persian language spoken in Central Asia.
		The language has diverged from Persian as spoken in Afghanistan and Iran, because of political borders and the influence of Russian.
		The standard language is based on the north-western dialects of Tajik, which have been influenced by the neighboring Uzbek language as a result of geographical proximity.
	www.unhchr.ch /udhr/lang/pet.htm (264 words)

	Discovery :: Archive :: Voyage. ABC of Tadjikistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tadjik is the name used in Tadjikistan and Dari is the Afghan name for Farsi, the Arabic word for Parsi, Persian, used in the West, as the letter P is not known in the Arabic language.
		Tadjik and Dari are part of the Indoeuropean languages with their sub groups Indoiranian and finally western Indoiranian.
		Tadjik is devided in 4 groups, the northern dialect also spoken in southern Ouzbekistan and Kyrghyzstan, the central dialect of Matcha, Aini, Gissar and Varzob, the southern version of Badakhshan for instance and the south east dialect of Pianj and Darvaz.
	www.silkpress.orexca.com /archive/discovery/autumn2004/14.shtml (600 words)

	Tajik language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is an (The family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia) Indo-European (A systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols) language, more specifically part of the (The modern Persian language spoken in Iran) Iranian language group.
		The common origin of the two languages is underscored by the Tajiks' claim to such famous writers as (Persian poet and mathematician and astronomer whose poetry was popularized by Edward Fitzgerald's translation (1050-1123)) Omar Khayyam, (additional info and facts about Firdausi) Firdausi, and Ali Shir Navai.
		There have been claims that the speakers of the language have been oppressed by the Uzbekistan's government, and were forced to speak in (The Turkic language spoken by the Uzbek people) Uzbek in public, or otherwise would be fined.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/ta/tajik_language.htm (292 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Urdu is the official language of Kashmir, while Bangla or Bengali is the official language of Bangladesh.Linguistically, Hindi and Urdu are the same language, the difference being that Hindi iswritten in Devanagari script and has more words from Sanskrit, while Urdu is written in Arabic script and has more words from Persian and Arabic.
		Urdu writing is quite complex due to the fact that the language derives its sources from Persian and Arabic as well as Hindustani, the dialect of the Gangetic plains, formalised inmodern Hindi.
		It is believed that Urdu is closest to Tadjik, the language of a province on the outer periphery of the Persian Empire.
	immune-system-help.com /language/urdu/indian_languages.html (995 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Whereas the major languages of the world have standardized both their orthographic and phonetic conventions (spelling and pronunciation), the same is not true for many minority languages.
		A language pair consists of a source language, the language one is translating from; and a target language, the language one is translating into.
		Language Analysis and Generation In interlingua-based translation systems, translation is performed by analyzing the source language input text into the interlingua representation, and then generating a string in the target language.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/cmt-40/Nice/Papers/digital-government-chapter/LanguageTech-final.doc (7853 words)

	Tajik language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Historically, it is the Persian language of the Central Asia that started to be written in the Cyrillic script during the Soviet Union era and was renamed to Tajik.
		The language has diverged a little from the Persian as spoken in Afghanistan and Iran, because of political borders and the influence of Russian.
		There have been claims that the speakers of the language have been oppressed by the Uzbekistan's government, and were forced to speak in Uzbek in public, or otherwise would be fined.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/t/ta/tajik_language.html (258 words)

	Tajik language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tajik or Tadjik (natively Тоҷикӣ, Tojikí, تاجیکی in Arabo-Persian script) is a descendant of the Persian language spoken in Central Asia.
		Speakers of Tajik live mostly in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan (the "Tajik" language spoken by approximately 30,000 people near the Tajikistan border in China is in fact a quite different Pamir language also called Sarikoli.) Tajik is the official language of Tajikistan.
		The common origin of the two languages is underscored by the Tajiks' claim to such famous writers as Omar Khayyam, Firdausi, and Ali Shir Navai.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/T/Tajik-language.htm (399 words)

	Language. Culture. Kyrgyzstan.
		According to the UCLA Language Materials Project, the Kyrgyz language is spoken by about 2 million people in the Kyrgyz Republic where it is the Official State Language (Russian is also recognized as an official language).
		Following the standardization of the language, in 1924, a modified form of Arabic was used, but this was replaced in 1924 by the Unified Turkic Latin Alphabet (UTLA).
		Although Russian is understood almost everywhere in Kyrgyzstan, and many Russian words have entered the Kyrgyz language, there are places (especially in the rural regions) where Kyrgyz is the definitive mother tongue and Russian is most definitely a second language.
	www.svetlanasbrides.com /kyrgyzstan/culture/language.htm (575 words)

	The Lithuanian Language - Hostage of Foreign Powers: 1940-1991 - Pirockinas
		The fifty years from 1940 to 1991 which the Lithuanian nation experienced by their horrible consequences may be compared to the epoch of bloody wars between the Lithuanians and the crusaders in the 13th to the 15th century and exceeded by far the four decades of the Lithuanian press ban (1865-1904).
		In assessing the half-century path of the Lithuanian language, one should bear in mind the fact that every phenomenon in so-called Soviet society was double: it had a facade and a dark backstage side.
		The Russian language was almost exclusively used in transport: railroads, navigation on the Nemunas river, seaports and the sea fleet.
	www.lituanus.org /1996/96_2_05.htm (5062 words)

	Encyclopedia: Uzbek language
		Its closest relative, in vocabulary and grammar, is Uighur.
		The Turkic languages are a group of related languages that are spoken by a variety of people distributed across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China.
		Some linguists consider the language spoken in northern Afghanistan by ethnic Uzbeks to be a dialect of Uzbek.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Uzbek-language (755 words)

	Dari language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dari, Persian and Tadjik languages all come from one source (Classical Persian), but historically the territory of modern Afghanistan was included in the region where some peculiarities in comparison with the literature Persian appeared, so that's how Dari now differs more from Persian than from Tadjik.
		It used to be very conservative, and the language of aristocracy in the beginning of the 20th century was sometimes not understandable for ordinary people.
		Tadjik, Persian are the closest relatives; Pashto and Baluchi are the closest neighbours.
	language.babaev.net /tree/iran/dari.html (254 words)

	Dari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dari is one of the main languages of Afghanistan, together with Pashto.
		Dari, Persian and Tadjik languages all come from one source, but historically the modern Afghanistan was included in the region where some peculiarities in comparison with the literature Persian appeared, so that's how Dari now differs more from Persian than from Tadjik.
		Dari used to be very conservative, and the language of aristocracy in the beginning of this century was sometimes not understandable fro ordinary people.
	www.angelfire.com /empire/afghan/dari.html (194 words)

	[No title]
		Language capability will be recorded on the DD Form 1966 series (Record of Military Processing Armed Forces of the United States) on page 1 and in the "remarks" section.
		General Language testing is given to Army members who have received foreign language training at Government expense, who claim knowledge of a foreign language as a result of civilian education, residence in a foreign country, or family usage, or whose records indicate previous language study.
		These personnel, trained in a foreign language in preparation for a specific assignment, continue to be identified as linguist assets after their initial use and are routinely considered for subsequent linguist assignments.
	www.fas.org /irp/doddir/army/ar611-6.htm (11791 words)

	indian languages
		Linguists think of Hindi and Urdu as the same language, the difference being that Hindi is written in Devanagari script and draws vocabulary from Sanskrit, while Urdu is written in Arabic script and draws on Persian and Arabic.
		Sanskrit though an official language has generally not been not used for conversation, though spoken Sanskrit classes and youth camps are becoming more widespread.
		Urdu writing is quite complex due to the fact that the language derives its sources from Persian and Arabic as well as Hindustani, the dialect of the Gangetic plains, formalised in modern Hindi.
	www.fact-library.com /indian_languages.html (958 words)

	THE ODYSSEY OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE AND ITS SCRIPT by Habeeb Salloum
		It is the written language of all Arab lands, used in newspapers, schools, television and radio.
		In the 7th century, Arabic, immortalized in the language of the Qur'an, and Islam became inseparable.
		It became the language of art, culture, the intellect, science and technology of the entire scholastic world, aiding in the establishment of an Islamic civilization which was to become one of the greatest the world had ever known.
	www.alhewar.com /habeeb_salloum_arabic_language.htm (1927 words)

	[No title]
		Language capability will be recorded on the DD Form 1966 series (Record of Military Processing Armed Forces of the United States) on page 1 and in the "remarks" section.
		General Language testing is given to Army members who have received foreign language training at Government expense, who claim knowledge of a foreign language as a result of civilian education, residence in a foreign country, or family usage, or whose records indicate previous language study.
		These personnel, trained in a foreign language in preparation for a specific assignment, continue to be identified as linguist assets after their initial use and are routinely considered for subsequent linguist assignments.
	fas.org /irp/doddir/army/ar611-6.htm (11791 words)

	Tadjik language - Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For the language of the Pamir family spoken near the Tajikistan border in Xinjiang and officially referred to in China as "Tajik", see Sarikoli.
		The language has diverged from Persian as spoken in Afghanistan and Iran, as a result of political borders, the standardisation process, the influence of Russian and neighbouring Turkic languages.
		The standard language is based on the north-western dialects of Tajik, which have been influenced by the neighbouring Uzbek language as a result of geographical proximity.
	tadjik-language.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Tadjik_language (774 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Tajik language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Speakers of Tajik live mostly in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and western Pakistan (the "Tajik" language spoken by approximately 30,000 people near the Tajikistan border in China is in fact a quite different Pamir language also called Sarikoli.).
		The common origin of the two languages is underscored by the Tajiks' claim to such famous writers as Omar Khayyám, Firdausi, and Alisher Navoi.
		Most Chinese "Tajik" speakers actually speak the Sariqul (or Sariköli) language, which, though called "Tajik", is no more closely related to Tajik than the other Pamir languages, and use Uyghur and Chinese to communicate with people of other nationalities in the area.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Tajik_language (544 words)

	Beth Hatefutsoth - Related Links
		Hebrew became an official language in British Palestine in 1921, and the primary official language of the state of Israel It is spoken by about 6,000,000 people, in Israel and abroad, of whom around 4,500,000 speak Hebrew as their mother-tongue.
		The Berber languages and dialects, spoken over a large area from western Egypt to Mauritania, are descendants of the native languages of North Africa and belong to the Berbero-Libyan group of the Afro-Asiatic (formerly Hamito-Semitic) family of languages.
		Judeo-Tat is the native language of the ancient Jewish communities of Mountain Jews in the Daghestan region of the Caucasus.
	www.bh.org.il /Links/JewishLangs.asp (2795 words)

	[ BULGARIAN LANGUAGE WEB ] : Bulgarian Language, Key Facts & Info : Learn Bulgarian : Bulgarian Culture, Alphabet, ...
		The branch of linguistics, responsible for the classification of the world’s languages into families, is called comparative philology.
		Language facts (1986): 7,986,000 in Bulgaria, 85% of the population (1986); 234,000 in Ukraine; 30,000 in Greece; 10,439 in Romania; 270,000 in Turkey; 361,000 in Moldova (1979 census).
		Bulgarians regard Macedonian as a strain of their own language, while Macedonians insist it is a separate language.
	www.spraakservice.net /bulgarian (789 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tajiks who speak the Tajik language are the main ethnic group, although there is a sizeable minority of Uzbeks, and a small population of Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration.
		Likewise, the official language of Tajikistan is the Tajik language, while Russian is largely spoken in business and for government purposes.
		Although the Tajik and Uzbek are now classified as separate ethnic groups, on account of their languages, this is a relatively new phenomenon and originates from the conquest of Central Asia by the Russian Empire in the 19th century.
	stron.frm.pl /wiki.php?title=Tadjikistan (2439 words)

	Modern Iranian (from Iranian languages) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Iranian languages are spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and parts of Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan, and scattered areas of the Caucasus Mountains.
		A language family that covers a broad geographical region and a vast historical period, the Semitic language group is part of an even larger language family known as Afro-Asiatic, or Hamito-Semitic.
		English is the national language of the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-74645?tocId=74645 (837 words)

	Tajik Translation Services - Translators English/Tadjik
		All translators are experienced professionals that translate into their native languages.
		Tajik is the official language of the Republic of Tajikistan and is spoken by an estimated 4 million people in Tajikistan and the surrounding areas of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.
		However, due to the close relationship of the peoples of Tajikistan with speakers of Turkic languages, and considering the large number of its speakers also able to communicate in Kyrgyz and Uzbek, Turkic has had a greater influence than Persian.
	www.greentranslations.com /tajik-translation.html (262 words)

	United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) / Global Resource Information Database (GRID) Arendal
		Tadjiks have entered different states being ruled by Turkic dynasties, yet where the Tadjik language was the formal one.
		The Tadjik climates gets formatted as being influenced by the interaction of a number of factors determined, primarily, by its geographic location, surface composition, air circulation and sun radiation, the latter being the most significant of all.
		The state committee on nature protection of Tadjik SSR was founded in 1988 on the base of the subdivisions of Tadjikgidromet, Ministry of Water Economy, Gosagroprom, PA "Tadjikgoelogy", Tadjikles, Department "Vostsredazrybvod".
	enrin.grida.no /htmls/tadjik/tadj_ass.htm (7857 words)

	Official web site of "Elena-tour" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The official language is Tadjik (Farsi), a number of the group of Persian languages.
		The strong influence of the Persian tradition in Tadjik culture lives on in the weaving of carpets - the factory at Kayzakkum is the largest of its kind in the former Soviet Union.
		The potential for tourism and leisure is excellent, and the Tadjiks are keen to share the natural beauty and contrasts of their country, and their rich and ancient culture, with holiday - makers and businessmen alike.
	www.elenatour.uz /asia/tajikistan.html (607 words)

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