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Topic: Tadoma

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	Braida
		Although results obtained with the Tadoma method of speechreading have set a new standard for tactual speech communication, they are nevertheless inferior to those obtained in the normal auditory domain.
		Speech reception through Tadoma is comparable to that of normal-hearing subjects listening to speech under adverse conditions corresponding to a speech-to-noise ratio of roughly 0 dB.
		The goal of the current study was to demonstrate improvements to speech reception through Tadoma through the use of supplementary tactual information, thus leading to a new standard of performance in the tactual domain.
	psl.ucsc.edu /psl/braida.html (1591 words)

	Tadoma
		Tadoma is a method of communication used by deafblind people, in which the deafblind person places their thumb on the speaker's lips and their fingers along the jawline, touching the speaker's lips and throat.
		It is sometimes known as 'tactile lipreading', as the deafblind person feels the movement of the lips, as well as vibrations of the vocal cords, puffing of the cheeks and the warm air produced by nasal sounds such as 'N' and 'M'.
		The Tadoma method was invented by American teacher Sophie Alcorn and developed at the Perkins School for the Blind in Massachusetts.
	www.mrsci.com /Disability/Tadoma.php (165 words)

	Tadoma Disability
		Tadoma is a method of communication used by deafblindpeople, in which the deafblind person places their thumb on the speaker's lips and their fingers along the jawline, touching the speaker's lips and throat.
		It is sometimes known as 'tactile lipreading', as the deafblind person feels the movement of the lips, as well as vibrations of the vocal cords, puffing of the cheeks and the warm air produced by nasal sounds such as 'N' and 'M'.
		The Tadoma method was invented by American teacher Sophie Alcornand developed at the Perkins School for the Blindin Massachusetts.
	www.lumrix.com /medical/disability/tadoma.html (194 words)

	Tadoma - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Tadoma is a method of communication used by deafblind people, in which the deafblind person places his thumb on the speaker's lips and his fingers along the jawline.
		It is sometimes referred to as 'tactile lipreading', as the deafblind person feels the movement of the lips, as well as vibrations of the vocal cords, puffing of the cheeks and the warm air produced by nasal sounds such as 'N' and 'M'.
		The Tadoma method was invented by American teacher Sophie Alcorn and developed at the Perkins School for the Blind in Massachusetts.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Tadoma (354 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Tadoma
		Tadoma is a method of communication used by deafblind people, in which the deafblind person places his thumb on the speaker's lips and his fingers along the jawline.
		It is sometimes referred to as 'tactile lipreading', as the deafblind person feels the movement of the lips, as well as vibrations of the vocal cords, puffing of the cheeks and the warm air produced by nasal sounds such as 'N' and 'M'.
		The Tadoma method was invented by American teacher Sophie Alcorn and developed at the Perkins School for the Blind in Massachusetts.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Tadoma (364 words)

	Braida
		Although results obtained with the Tadoma method of speechreading have set a new standard for tactual speech communication, they are nevertheless inferior to those obtained in the normal auditory domain.
		Speech reception through Tadoma is comparable to that of normal-hearing subjects listening to speech under adverse conditions corresponding to a speech-to-noise ratio of roughly 0 dB.
		The goal of the current study was to demonstrate improvements to speech reception through Tadoma through the use of supplementary tactual information, thus leading to a new standard of performance in the tactual domain.
	mambo.ucsc.edu /psl/braida.html (1591 words)

	tadoma - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Tadoma: Students who are deaf-blind frequently use their senses of touch and movement to get information about the activities, people and places around them.
		People who use tadoma will place their hands on the speaker's lips or thoat to feel the vibrations.
		The Tadoma user, feels the vibrations of the throat and face and jaw positions of the speaker as he/she speaks.
	www.encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/SRPage.aspx?search=Tadoma (117 words)

	The Deafblind Manual Alphabet Page
		The Tadoma user, feels the vibrations of the throat and face and jaw positions of the speaker as he/she speaks.
		Although highly-skilled Tadoma users can comprehend speech at near listening rates, most Tadoma users are much slower and the added restriction of the user having to be in contact with the speaker adds to the problems associated with the Tadoma method.
		Tadoma is named after the first 2 children to whom it was taught, Winthrop "Tad" Chapman and Oma Simpson.
	www.deafblind.com /card.html (1237 words)

	Fact Sheet #005 Tadoma (English) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Tadoma is a method for teaching the student with dual sensory impairments to speak.
		Tadoma also can be used to provide students with very pleasurable sensations of touch and movement which come from others' speech and singing which they cannot see or hear.
		The hand of the student is placed on the face of the speaker with the thumb lightly placed on the speaker's lips and the fingers spread on the cheek and upper neck.
	www.sfsu.edu /~cadbs/Eng005t.html (416 words)

	Citations: Research on the Tadoma Method of Speech Communication - Reed, Rabinowitz, Durlach, Braida, Conway-Fithian, ...
		....Tadoma method that is employed by some individuals who are both deaf and blind.
		Thus Tadoma method is a living proof that the human tactual sensory system is capable of high information throughput when properly engaged and....
		Thus Tadoma method is a living proof that the human tactual sensory system is capable of high information throughput when properly engaged and adequately....
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/273965/0 (854 words)

	ICSLP 1996 Abstract: Reed, Charlotte M. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Strong support of the capacity of touch as a communicative sense is provided by the Tadoma method of communication.
		In the Tadoma method, direct contact is made between the hand of the deaf-blind receiver and the face of a talker to monitor the various articulatory actions that occur during speech.
		The performance of these deaf-blind individuals implies the adequacy of the tactual sense to support the development of speech and language and thereby provides a strong impetus for continued research on the development of sensory-substitution devices for spoken language processing.
	www.isca-speech.org /archive/icslp_1996/i96_1489.html (190 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the Tadoma method, the deaf-blind person places a hand on the face and neck of the talker to monitor the various articulatory actions associated with speech production.
		The Tadoma method is important both in its demonstration of the potential of the tactual sense for communication and in its implications for the design of artificial sensory aids.
		Information-transfer rates for speech reception through Tadoma will be compared to rates for other methods of natural tactual communication, including the tactual reception of sign language and fingerspelling.
	www.bu.edu /hrc/reedAbstract.html (297 words)

	Tadoma
		Der Artikel Tadoma gehört zur Kategorie: Taubblindheit, Einzelsprache
		Tadoma ist der Name einer Kunstsprache, mit deren Hilfe man mit Menschen kommunizieren kann, die sowohl blind als auch gehörlos geboren wurden.
		Tadoma ist eine Berührungssprache, bei der die Sprachsignale durch Ertasten der Artikulationsbewegungen am Gesicht des Sprechers wahrgenommen werden.
	www.kalkriese.de /Tadoma.html (104 words)

	Deaf Blind Tadoma Method
		The Tadoma Method of communication involves a deafblind individual placing their thumb on a speaker’s lips and spreading their remaining fingers along the speaker’s face and neck.
		The domination of the Tadoma method began to subside in the 1950’s due to the difficulty in acquiring the skill of use of the method and often inaccuracy.
		Despite the vast successful of few individuals there are approximately only fifty users of the Tadoma method worldwide, half of which live in the United States.
	www.lifeprint.com /asl101/topics/tadoma.htm (532 words)

	Tadoma - Definition, explanation
		Tadoma is a method developed at the Perkins School for the Blind in Massachusetts for teaching a student with dual sensory impairments (see deafblindness) to speak.
		Tadoma is also used by a few deafblind people in everyday communication.
		The deafblind person places their fingers and thumb on the neck of the person who is speaking and uses the tactile information provided to understand the speaker's words.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/t/ta/tadoma.php (217 words)

	Videnscentret for Døvblindblevne - Communicative Strategy
		By feeling the movement of the mouth and the jaw, feeling the air from the mouth and the vibrations on the neck and so on, normal speech can be received through the sense of touch.
		According to Charlotte Reed and colleagues the natural speed of tactual communication – Tadoma, finger spelling and sign language – ranges from one fourth to three fourths that of normal speech and visually received sign language.
		For both the use of Tadoma and tactual sign language the average score is around 80 % reception, at a speed of approximately three fourths of normal speech and visually received sign language.
	www.dbcent.dk /vcfdbb/subpage81.aspx?PrintMode=1&ts=632991059839075000 (4728 words)

	tadoma pag.6b
		At the beginning, the system was set up for deafblind children and this area of multideficiencies even today seems the one where the application of the method can offer the biggest advantages.
		In particular, the people suitable for Tadoma are the children who have both a hearing capacity too limited to be able to use the hearing aids, and a sight capacity insufficient to learn how to read lips or sign language.
		In fact, the distinction of sounds and words is entirely based on the recognition of slight tactile differences, felt by the hand that "listens".
	www.legadelfilodoro.it /stepping_stones/Comun.ing/pagina6b.htm (635 words)

	[No title]
		In the Tadoma method of speech reception used by some deaf- blind individuals, speech is understood by placing a hand on the face of the talker and feeling certain mechanical actions of the face associated with speech production.
		The synthetic Tadoma system is a computer-driven artificial face that simulates these mechanical actions.
		Although further work is required to produce an accurate simulation, the results suggest that such a goal is indeed achievable.
	staff.washington.edu /leotta/research/tadoma.html (107 words)

	CST-Arcelor Brasil - Seminar discusses inclusion forms for people with special needs
		The communication through Tadoma is a method of direct contact of the articulatory actions during speech.
		Developed in Europe by a teacher of two deaf-blind children, Tad and Oma, the Tadoma method is a tactile communication system: it is the reading of the speech through the touch.
		People who have two disabled senses such as audition and vision, as they position their hands on the speaker's face they feel his voice box vibration, the group of speech and notice as each sound is produced.
	www.cst.com.br /english/relationship_press/news/cst_new.asp?noticiaId=73334344423334234332444324333343343447D655439669962D9261D3634D4024D66221355BCA (573 words)

	Using Speech with Students who are Deafblind
		This method is known as tadoma or the vibration method.
		Tadoma involves the gentle placement of the thumb and fingers of the student who is deafblind, over the lips and throat of the speaker so that they are able to feel the vibrations, breath, movement of the face and jaw to read speech.
		The method however is extremely useful as a way of demonstrating speech sounds to a student who is deafblind since it allows them to fill in the gaps of what they cannot see or hear, e.g., the student can feel the difference between f and v or feel letters like "s".
	education.qld.gov.au /curriculum/learning/students/disabilities/resources/information/db/db5.html (472 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the Tadoma method of speech reception used by some deaf- blind individuals, speech is understood by placing a hand on the face of the talker and feeling certain mechanical actions of the face associated with speech production.
		The synthetic Tadoma system is a computer-driven artificial face that simulates these mechanical actions.
		Although further work is required to produce an accurate simulation, the results suggest that such a goal is indeed achievable.
	faculty.washington.edu /leotta/research/tadoma.html (107 words)

	[No title]
		There are 9 radiocarbon dates of osseous coal from the stand between 17200+ 1800 and 22700 +700 years ago.
		Analysis of bird bones and their fragments (n = 204) allowed to identify the following species: Cygnus olor, C. cygnus, Cygnus sp., Tadoma tadoma, T. ferruginea, Clangula hyemalis, Buteo rufmus, Aquila rapax, Accipitridae sp.
		tadoma, T. ferruginea, B. ruflnus and A. rapax and the "northern group" consists C. hyemalis and L. hyperboreus.
	herba.msu.ru /russian/journals/bmsn/106/2001_2.html (1175 words)

	Online Haptics Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the International Sensory Aid Conference.
		Motivated by the highly successful Tadoma method of speech communication, a multi-finger positional display (the Tactuator) was developed to study perception via the kinesthetic and vibrotactile aspects of the tactual sensory system of the hand.
		The display consists of three independent single contact-point actuators interfaced (individually) with the fingerpads of the thumb, the index finger, and the middle finger.
	haptic.mech.northwestern.edu /library/tanhz/isac96/lims.html (408 words)

	Eponyms - Topic Powered by eve community
		tadoma – a means by which a deaf-blind person can "hear" a conversation by touch.
		As I understand it, skilled users of tadoma can "hear" very effectively (Professor Hong Tan, Purdue University: "some deaf-and-blind individuals can receive conversational English at almost normal rates using the Tadoma method"), but it is very difficult to learn and so is rarely used to "hear".
		However, tadoma can be a tool to teach speech to the deafblind: the student feels a speaker pronounce a sound, and then attempts to to reproduce that feeling with his hand at his own face.
	wordcraft.infopop.cc /groupee/forums?a=tpc&s=441607094&f=756604565&m=496102306&r=598106136 (1966 words)

	ComTouch Project
		Research on vibrotactile devices such as the Tactaid and Tactuator (Tan, 1996), show that speech recognition increases dramatically when audio and touch input are combined in speech reading (Reed 1995, Tan 1997).
		Tadoma is a method of speech reading using touch, where the receiver places his thumbs on the lips of the speaker, with fingers on the throat.
		Tan William M. Rabinowitz Nathaniel I. Durlach, Analysis of a synthetic Tadoma system as a multidimensional tactile display, Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 86, No. 3,, 981 – 988, September 1989.
	web.media.mit.edu /~anjchang/DS2001/comtouch.htm (3205 words)

	www.myspace.com/tadomabreed
		TADOMA BREED's Latest Blog Entry [Subscribe to this Blog]
		TADOMA BREED a été crée en aout 2006 se composant de trois musiciens tous ayant des influences diverses comme : Pantera, Slayer, Machine head, Meshuggah, Devil driver....
		C’est avec ces influences que naît TADOMA BREED
	myspace.com /TADOMABREED (145 words)

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