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	Tagged union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tagged unions are most important in functional languages such as ML and Haskell, where they are called datatypes (see algebraic data type) and the compiler is able to verify that all cases of a tagged union are always handled, avoiding many types of errors.
		Tagged unions are often accompanied by the concept of a constructor, which is similar but not the same as a constructor for a class.
		Tagged unions are not intended for this purpose; typically a new value is assigned whenever the tag is changed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tagged_union (1261 words)

	Tagged union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In computer science a tagged union also called a variant variant record disjoint union is a data structure used to hold a value that take on several different but fixed types.
		Tagged unions are most important in functional such as ML and Haskell where they are called datatypes and the compiler is able to that all cases of a tagged union always handled avoiding many types of errors.
		Tagged unions are often accompanied by the of a constructor which is similar but not the as a constructor for a class.
	www.freeglossary.com /Tagged_union (1470 words)

	union - definition by dict.die.net
		Note: Union differs from connection, as it implies that the bodies are in contact, without an inter?ening body; whereas things may be connected by the in???vention of a third body, as by a cord or chain.
		A device emblematic of union, used on a national flag or ensign, sometimes, as in the military standard of Great Britain, covering the whole field; sometimes, as in the flag of the United States, and the English naval and marine flag, occupying the upper inner corner, the rest of the flag being called the fly.
		Note: The union of the United States ensign is a cluster of white stars, denoting the union of the States, and, properly, equal in number to that of the States, displayed on a blue field; the fly being composed of alternate stripes of red and white.
	dict.die.net /union (782 words)

	Tagged union: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In set theory, a disjoint union or discriminated union is a set union in which each element of the resulting union is disjoint from each of the others; the...
		Tagged unions are most important in functional languages such as ML ML programming language quick summary:
		Tagged unions are often accompanied by the concept of a constructor, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/ta/tagged_union.htm (2175 words)

	LRM Changes Section 7
		The type of a tagged union expression must be known from its context (e.g., it is used in the RHS of an assignment to a variable whose type is known, or it is has a cast, or it is used inside another expression from which its type is known).
		The tagged union expression can be completely type-checked statically: the only member names allowed after the tagged keyword are the member names for the expression type, and the member expression must have the corresponding member type.
		A variable of tagged union type can be initialized with a tagged union expression provided the member value expression is a legal initializer for the member type.
	www.eda.org /sv/Changes_draft3/LRM_Changes_7.html (503 words)

	LRM Changes Section 3
		The qualifier tagged in a union declares it as a tagged union, which is a type-checked union.
		An ordinary (untagged) union can be updated using a value of one member type and read as a value of another member type, which is a potential type loophole.
		Tagged unions can also be used with pattern matching (Section 8.4), which improves readability even further.
	www.eda.org /sv/Changes_draft3/LRM_Changes_3.html (657 words)

	Tagged union - InformationBlast
		While comparable to a tagged union in some respects, typical tagged unions include a relatively small number of cases, and these cases form different ways of expressing a single coherent concept, such as a data structure node or instruction.
		Also, there is an expectation that every case of a tagged union will be dealt with when it is used.
		Unfortunately, C compilers do not verify that the null case is always checked for, and this is a particularly prevalent source of bugs in C code, since there is a tendency to ignore exceptional cases.
	www.informationblast.com /Variant_record.html (1077 words)

	Advanced CCured Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A tag is an RTTI value (Section 7.3) that encodes the type of the last field written in each union value.
		If a field of a union type is a structured type itself, any access to an element of the field is treated (from the point of view of the tag manipulation) as an access to that entire field.
		Tagged unions use the same tag mechanism as RTTI pointers (Section 7.3).
	manju.cs.berkeley.edu /ccured/ccured009.html (4723 words)

	Tagged Unions and Datatypes
		The primary difference with C unions is that a tagged union includes a hidden tag.
		When you attempt to read a member of a tagged union, a check is done on the hidden tag to ensure that this was the last member written, and thus the union contains a valid object of that member's type.
		This is particularly helpful when you add new variants to a tagged union, for then the compiler pinpoints the spots that you need to update in your code.
	www.cs.cornell.edu /Projects/cyclone/online-manual/main-screen004.html (1134 words)

	All 21 entries tagged Union, Luke's blog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Yesterday at Union Council, the whole sorry saga of the John Cross disciplinary from last year was finally put to bed when John Cross and Benny Spooner (the Chair of Council last year who resigned over the issue) were granted honorary life membership of the Union.
		Apart from the fact that both had earned honorary membership by putting a truly incredible amount of largely unrecognised work into the democratic side of the Union, it also goes some way to righting the wrong that was done when John was taken to disciplinary in the first place.
		The Students' Union will be running an open forum for students to express their views on the Warwick in Asia project.
	blogs.warwick.ac.uk /lukeparks/tag/union (1322 words)

	Larch/C++ Reference Manual - Union Types
		All the fields of a union that are simple variables are modeled by typed locations that widen to the same untyped object (See section 2.8.1 Formal Model of Objects).
		For each union type declaration, the trait defining its abstract model is implicitly used in any specification module in which the declaration appears.
		The shorthand notation for union definitions in LSL traits is explained in Chapter 4 of [Guttag-Horning93].
	www.cs.iastate.edu /~leavens/larchc++manual/lcpp_185.html (624 words)

	Technorati Tag: union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Related tags: Politics, strike, Labor, News, Youngstown, Current Affairs, cdu, Ohio.
		The Federal Employee's Law Firm Representing federal, Maryland and DC government employees, unions and employee associations world-wide in all aspects of govt employment law, including MSPB, EEO and whistleblower cases.
		Discount Lodging in Union, MO Find deals on hotels in Union, MO. HotelLocators.com is your source for discount lodging.
	www.technorati.com /tag/union (479 words)

	PacLang basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A union value is created by applying the appropriate tag to a payload expression.
		Unlike a C union, PacLang tagged unions are type-safe.
		PacLang includes a special builtin tagged union type packetoption whose payload is of packet type and whose constructors are Packet and None.
	www.cambridge.intel-research.net /~rennals/paclang/lang_basics.html (545 words)

	CSE 130 Lecture Notes from Spring 1998
		When we make a union, we need to still be able to identify which operations are legal on an element of the union.
		Each member of the union type must be "tagged" to indicate what type it came from.
		In Pascal and C unions are not required to be tagged.
	www-cse.ucsd.edu /~elkan/130fall99/oct13.html (924 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Generic<Programming>:Discriminated Unions (I) \| April 15, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Discriminated union is a concept with many aliases: disjoint union, variant type, or algebraic type.
		A discriminated union is a data type that's able to store one value of a bounded collection at a time and to offer typesafe set and access primitives for that value.
		The obvious way of implementing discriminated unions in C and C++ is to use a "tagged union": you store a classic union comprising the types of interest together with an integer that tells what field is currently valid.
	www.ddj.com /dept/cpp/184403821 (3108 words)

	Algorithms Glossary
		Disjoint union, S+T, of sets S and T is the set of 'tagged union' elements from S or T. Disjunction, as in p or q or...
		Partition, of a set S, a collection of disjoint subsets of S whose union is S. Partition operation, as in quick sort.
		T, the set of elements that are in S, or in T, or in both S and T; the disjoint union S+T is the set of "tagged" elements from S or from T. Vertex, a point in a tree or graph.
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /~lloyd/tildeAlgDS/Glossary (1620 words)

	Cyclone for C Programmers
		Each write to a tagged union member causes the hidden tag to be updated, and each read is preceded by a check to ensure that the member was the last one written.
		Tagged unions require space proportional to the largest member (plus room for the tag.) In contrast, a datatype only requires space for the member being used.
		The same sort of constructors may be used for unions, tagged or not.
	www.cs.cornell.edu /Projects/cyclone/online-manual/main-screen002.html (8358 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Cyclone: A Type-Safe Dialect of C \| December 9, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The problem is that, of course, nothing in C prevents us from having a tag and union that are out of sync.
		To avoid this problem, Cyclone provides a built-in form of tagged union and always ensures that the tag is correlated with the last member written in the union.
		In particular, whenever a tagged union member is updated, the compiler inserts code to update the tag associated with the union.
	www.ddj.com /dept/cpp/184401896 (4472 words)

	Men's Hockey Travels to Union and Rensselaer :: Tigers begin stretch of four games on the road (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This weekend it is off to the Capital District of Albany to face Union and Rensselaer, and next weekend it is on to the North Country against Clarkson and St. Lawrence.
		Scouting the Dutchmen Union is 3-4-1 overall and 0-2 in the ECACHL.
		Union and Rensselaer were the teams picked directly in front of Princeton as the coaches tagged Union eighth and Rensselaer ninth, while the media picked a tie for eighth.
	goprincetontigers.cstv.com /sports/m-hockey/spec-rel/111005aaa.html (1315 words)

	Mathematical definition of Rainbow type universe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The above definition of relies upon the fact that every tagged type from is necessarily non-empty and that the function is constant when applied to any tagged value from a tagged type.
		The union of a finite collection of disjointly tagged types is again a general type.
		In order to check that each type has a unique tag, the size of must be the same as the number of tags extracted from it.
	www.cs.man.ac.uk /fmethods/projects/AHV-PROJECT/docs/LRM/node14.html (384 words)

	Flickr: Photos tagged with unionsquare
		Union Square Inn NYC is located in the Manhattan East Village area at 209 East 14th Street, with 41...
		You can give your photos a "tag", which is like a keyword.
		Tags help you find photos which have something in common.
	www.flickr.com /photos/tags/unionsquare (161 words)

	Tagged union at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A particularly common example of this is the tagged pointer.
		In Algol, tagged unions are called united modes, the tag is implicit, and the case construct is used to determine which field is tagged:
		Here, ASSERT is a macro that aborts or throws an exception if the condition is not satisfied.
	wiki.tatet.org /Tagged_union.html (1093 words)

	Comp 320, Fall 1999, Tutorial 3
		Unions are primarily useful as a building-block for bigger data types, where a value can either be of one type or another, e.g., a list can either be a structure of two things (a cons-cell) or just a marker (an empty list).
		So, a list of integers should be a tagged union of something representing an empty list and a structure (cons) of an integer and a list of integers.
		If the union now only has one case, we can eliminate the union wrapper and thus the tag and the outermost structure wrapper, too.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~comp320/2000/tutorials/3.html (1028 words)

	union - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		The state of matrimony; marriage: “The element that was to make possible such a union was trust in each other's love” (Kate Chopin).
		A device on a flag or ensign, occupying the upper inner corner or the entire field, that signifies the union of two or more sovereignties.
		Union The United States of America regarded as a national unit, especially during the Civil War.
	dictionary.reference.com /search?q=union (697 words)

	Object composition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer science, composition is a way and practice to combine simple objects or data types into more complex ones.
		Compositions are a critical building block of many basic data structures, including the tagged union, the linked list, and the binary tree, as well as the object used in object-oriented programming.
		Composition is contrasted with subtyping, which is the process of adding detail to a general data type to create a more specific data type.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aggregation_%28object-oriented_programming%29 (707 words)

	All 1 entries tagged Union, Thor the Evangelist
		If your answer involves the Union, dancing to the funky tunes of Timetunnel, not only did you probably have a good night out, you also might have witnessed a malicious act!
		On the music side of the night, I'm still not convinced by the mixture of everything between 60s and 2005, especially when there are plenty of ace songs that don't make "Top B 3 years ago's top 10" [think Bohemian Rhapsody or I am the one and only].
		In the exceptional case that you have gotten hold of the afro in question please be man/woman/kind enough to leave the wig in the Revelation pigeonhole in the Resources Room, Union North.
	blogs.warwick.ac.uk /tstein/tag/union (586 words)

	[No title]
		A union value: a symbol giving the type of element, an integer giving the length of the encoding of the element's data, and the data itself.
		Structure and union names are valid symbols beginning with a capital letter.
		As a result, unions have less overhead, but it is harder to make a protocol extensible.
	web.mit.edu /ghudson/old/thoughts/encoding (1832 words)

	USENIX 2002 Annual Technical Conference - Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Cyclone uses tagged unions and injection to make sure that these functions are called safely, while presenting the programmer with the same interface as in C. Goto
		We originally implemented tagged unions as an extension of enumerations, since an enumeration constant is like a case of a tagged union with no associated value.
		Since a tagged union is more general, we decided to just have one of the two.
	www.usenix.org /event/usenix02/full_papers/jim/jim_html (6801 words)

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