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Topic: Taiap language

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Bete language

Iberic language

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Language isolate

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Weyto language

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Yukaghir

Burushaski language

Ainu language

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	Sepik-Ramu languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sepik-Ramu languages are a hypothetical language family linking the Sepik, Ramu, Nor-Pondo (Lower Sepik), Leonhard Schultze (Walio-Papi), and Yuat families, together with the Taiap language isolate, and proposed by Laycock in 1973.
		All told, Sepik-Ramu consists of a hundred languages of the Sepik and Ramu river basins of northern Papua New Guinea, spoken by only 200 000 people in all.
		The languages tend to have simple phonologies, with few consonants or vowels and usually no tones.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sepik-Ramu (260 words)

	Indicators of Ethnolinguistic Vitality
		Whether a language appears to be "maintained" or "dying" depends on the collective impact of positive or negative indicators that place the language on a continuum of stable vitality, change in process due to other-language interference, radical shift in process, and death.
		Thus, language use characteristics among those who come to live in areas outside of their traditional home is significant to the continuation or decline of the language of their adopted home.
		The language in question is a prestigious, nationally recognized lingua franca or the language of church, education, or trade, such as Motu, Tok Pisin, and English.
	www.sil.org /sociolx/ndg-lg-indicators.html (6704 words)

	Language isolate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A language isolate, in the absolute sense, is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other living languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common to any other language.
		Language isolates may be seen as a special case of unclassified languages, being languages which remain unclassified even after extensive efforts.
		Neither should isolates be confused with isolating languages, languages in which morphemes generally exist in the form of full-fledged words, as opposed to synthetic languages.
	www.arcadicus.com /wiki/link-Language_isolate (1534 words)

	Papuan languages - WikiGadugi
		Besides the Austronesian languages, there are some 800 languages divided into perhaps sixty small language families, which are not obviously related to each other or to anything else, plus a large number of language isolates.
		Several languages of Flores and nearby islands, and especially the language of Savu Island (also called Savu) are usually thought to be Austronesian, but are reported to have large numbers of non-Austronesian words in their basic vocabulary.
		However, Ross argues that Papuan languages have closed-class pronoun systems, which are resistant to borrowing, and in any case that the massive number of languages with similar pronouns in a family like Trans-New Guinea preclude borrowing as an explanation.
	en.wikigadugi.org /wiki/Papuan_language (1301 words)

	Language family - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Language families can be divided into smaller phylogenetic units, conventionally referred to as branches of the family, because the history of a language family is often represented as a tree diagram.
		Although deaf sign languages have emerged naturally in deaf communities alongside or among spoken languages, they are unrelated to spoken languages and have different grammatical structures at their core.
		There has been very little historical linguistic research on sign languages, and few attempts to determine genetic relationships between sign languages, other than simple comparison of lexical data and some discussion about whether certain sign languages are dialects of a language or languages of a family.
	dictionpedia.com /en/Language_family (1101 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:GPN
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%.
	www.ethnologue.com /14/show_language.asp?code=GPN (55 words)

	Home > Detroit, MI, Michigan Yellow Pages, Classifieds, Real Estate, Business, Schools, Library and Jobs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Language contact is common, making clear family classifications difficult â” it is often unclear whether lexical similarity is due to borrowing or a common parent language.
		Thai Sign Language is a mixed language derived from ASL and the native sign languages of Bangkok and Chiang Mai, and may be considered part of the ASL family.
		According to a SIL report, sign languages of Russia, Moldova and Ukraine share a high degree of lexical similarity and may be dialects of one language, or distinct related languages.
	www.detroitmius.com /info/Language_family (1569 words)

	Language Shift in Community and Individual: the Phenomenon of the Laggard Semi-Speaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Language maintenance efforts in Morocco are linked to an ethnic revitalization whose central activities have been to remove the stigma of speaking Tamazight, push for state recognition of Amazigh heritage and Tamazight language, and increase the presence of both in public domains.
		A prevailing language ideology they shared was that all Tashelhit women in the mountains spoke Tashelhit, and that their daughters would do so for as long as they continued to live in the countryside, since it was urban residence that led to language shift.
		Language maintenance was thus nonsensical to mountain women: it was unnecessary in the mountains and impossible in the cities.
	cas.uchicago.edu /workshops/pcs/hoffman-berber-language-ideologies.doc (9946 words)

	Taiap is a endangered language spoken in the Gapun village in... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Taiap is a endangered language spoken in the Gapun village in...
		Taiap is a endangered language spoken in the Gapun village in the East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea.
		The family of the language is unknown, it may belong to the Sepik Sepik family but if so its structure and vocabulary are unique within that family.
	www.biodatabase.de /Taiap (167 words)

	Agency and Culture
		In recent decades Taiap has been replaced by Tok Pisin which is a form of pidgin English that arose in the mid-nineteenth century and has gradually been replacing most of the Papuan languages.
		Taiap came to be devalued by Gapuners as stubborn, backward, anti-social, anti-Christian, and not useful, while Tok Pisin was admired because it came to be associated with men, wealth, sophistication, and interesting foreign people (ibid., pp.
		A complete formulation of the language shift would be that changes in activities along with corresponding changes in the value of the two languages led to the language shift.
	lchc.ucsd.edu /MCA/Paper/00_01/agency.htm (8950 words)

	Language isolate
		The Pirahã language of Brazil is one such example, the last surviving member of the Mura family.
		The term "genetic relationship" is meant in the sense of historical linguistics, which claims that almost all languages spoken in the world today can be grouped by derivation from common ancestral languages into a relatively small number of families.
		It is possible that all languages spoken in the world today are genetically related, by descent from a single ancestral tongue; the established language families would then be only the upper branches of the genealogical tree of all languages.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/l/la/language_isolate.html (505 words)

	UNESCO Project on Dying Languages of Melanesia
		Practically speaking this means identifying the domains of life where language choice becomes a factor and determining just how many domains the target language is the language of choice and use.
		Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction: Socialization, Self, and Syncretism in a Papua New Guinean Village.
		It should be noted that SIL has been documenting the languages of Papua New Guinea since the organization was invited into the country over 40 years ago.
	campus.houghton.edu /webs/employees/agallman/socioling/landweer.htm (6935 words)

	[No title]
		From the colonial government's perspective, the goal of language study was to develop a way for administrators to effectively communicate with their people so that they could effectively keep order; and, secondarily, to use the local languages as a means of identifying 'rational' units for administrative structure e.g.
		In 19th century descriptions of African languages by Western scholars, the complexity of the linguistic practicesthat involved borrowing, code-switching, and other evidence of "mixing" were often stripped away from grammatical descriptions in order to effectively support claims to the distinctiveness of the groups (1995:980).
		Language shift is not only a structural and pragmatic process, but it is one that is mediated by emotional attitudes and assumptions about the structure and use of language in particular context.
	home.gwu.edu /~kuipers/langident.html (18547 words)

	Anthropology Comp Questions
		Briefly describe the different kinds of patterns in human languages, and compare briefly the ways in which different scholars have approached the problem of structure.
		Most of the discussions about the evolution of language have concentrated on the growing functions of language in the organization of human society.
		He argued that the general trajectory of the form of human languages is from "restricted" to "elaborated" codes.
	www.gwu.edu /~anth/CompQs.html (1174 words)

	Language_isolate - Encyclopedia online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If eventually such efforts do prove fruitful, a language previously considered an isolate may no longer be considered one; and since linguists do not always agree on whether a genetic relationship has been demonstrated, it is often disputed whether a language constitutes a true isolate or not.
		Below is a list of known language isolates, arranged by continent, along with notes on possible relations to other languages
		Tibeto-Burman cognates, this may be a case of language interference in a dying tongue.
	en.lorefans.com /article_Language_isolate (1510 words)

	Category:Language isolates - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The main article for this category is Language isolates.
		This category deals with languages that are isolates, in the sense that they cannot conclusively be shown to be related to any other language in the world.
		There are 5 subcategories shown below (more may be shown on subsequent pages).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Language_isolates (91 words)

	One Thousand One Papua New Guinean Nights: What is a masalai?
		Yet, the Wola would think of the complete destruction of their forests as “horrendous” (Sillitoe, 1993: 230), at least in part because it would represent the elimination of a whole set of resources on which they depend and of which they are intimately aware (e.g., see Diamond, 1993).
		Local languages are also tied intimately with forest spirits, and the reduced usage of one small Papua New Guinean language (Taiap) has been associated with the corresponding disappearance of masalais: “And when Taiap has lost the ability to symbolize the land, it will have lost the final affirmative value that it retains in the community.
		Seeing the land in a new light has already had one sociolinguistic consequenc -- it has resulted in the villagers’ being abandoned by most of the Taiap-speaking masalai and other spirits of the forest who used to make their homes on Gapun land.
	www.geocities.com /thslone/masalai.html (708 words)

	EveryTongue.com Language Recordings Main page
		Here is the list of languages that you can hear if you order the cassette tape.
		Here is a list of the languages that do not have a recording.
		Here you can listen to a recording in a language you know and then listen to the same recording in a language that you want to learn.
	www.everytongue.com (531 words)

	Home > Seaford, NY, New York Yellow Pages, Classifieds, Real Estate, Business, Schools, Library and Jobs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		These include: French Sign Language, Quebec Sign Language, American Sign Language, Irish Sign Language, Russian Sign Language, Dutch Sign Language, Flemish Sign Language, Belgian-French Sign Language, Spanish Sign Language, Mexican Sign Language and others.
		Others possibly influenced by ASL include Ugandan Sign Language, Kenyan Sign Language, Phillipine Sign Language and Malaysian Sign Language.
		Known isolates include Nicaraguan Sign Language, Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language, and Providence Island Sign Language.
	www.seafordnyus.com /profile/Language_family (1571 words)

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