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Topic: Taichang Emperor of China

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Chongzhen Emperor of China

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	China Excursions :: Travel to or Tour around China with our help
		China is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with written records dating back at least 3,500 years, and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization.
		Emperor Guangwu reinstated the Han Dynasty with the support of land-holding and merchant families at Luoyang, east of Xi'an; hence the new era is termed the Eastern Han Dynasty (東漢朝).
		Emperor Kangxi commanded the most complete dictionary of Chinese characters ever put together at the time, and under Emperor Qianlong, the compilation of a catalogue of the important works on Chinese culture was made.
	www.chinaexcursions.com /mod-subjects-printpage-pageid-105-scope-all.html (5929 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Qing Dynasty
		China, for instance, was not a backward country unable to secure the prerequisite stability and security for western-style commerce, but a relatively stable empire unwilling to admit global commerce.
		The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor, the mother of child emperor Tongzhi, and Aunt of Guangxu successfully controlled the Qing government and was the de facto leader of China for close to 40 years.
		During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, for example, members of his family were distinguished by garments with a large circular emblem on the back, whereas a Han could only hope to wear clothing with a square emblem; this meant effectively that any guard in the court could immediately distinguish family members from the back view alone.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Qing (4863 words)

	Wanli Emperor - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Following the death of the emperor, the Wanli era was normally due to end on January 21, 1621.
		The new emperor Tianqi decided that the Wanli era would be considered ended since August 27, 1620, the last day of the 7th month in the Chinese calendar, to enable the Taichang era to be applied for the five months remaining in that year (see Taichang article).
		The Wanli Emperor (1563 - 1620) was emperor of China (Ming dynasty) between 1572 and 1620.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Wanli (163 words)

	History of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		China is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with written records dating back at least 3,500 years, and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization.
		Emperor Guangwu of Han China reinstated the Han dynasty with the support of land-holding and merchant families at Luoyang, east of Xi'an; hence the new era is termed the Eastern Han Dynasty (東漢朝).
		With the proclamation of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, China was divided yet again, into the PRC on the mainland and the ROC on Taiwan and several outlying islands of Fujian, with two governments, each of which regarded itself as the one true Chinese government and denounced the other as illegitimate.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/H/History-of-China.htm (6079 words)

	cars - Qing Dynasty
		China, for instance, was not a backward country unable to secure the prerequisite stability and security for western-style commerce, but a relatively stable empire unwilling to admit global commerce.
		The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor, the mother of child emperor Tongzhi, and Aunt of Guangxu successfully controlled the Qing government and was the de facto leader of China for close to 40 years.
		During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, for example, members of his family were distinguished by garments with a large circular emblem on the back, whereas a Han could only hope to wear clothing with a square emblem; this meant effectively that any guard in the court could immediately distinguish family members from the back view alone.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Qing (4850 words)

	Taichang Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was succeeded by his son the Tianqi Emperor, and according to the law the Tianqi era was now scheduled to start on January 22, 1621, so that the Taichang era would never exist in practice.
		In order to honor his father, the new emperor decided that the Wanli era would be considered ended since August 27, 1620, the last day of the 7th month in the Chinese calendar.
		The Taichang Emperor (1582-1620) was the 14th emperor of China (Ming dynasty) in 1620.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Taichang_Emperor_of_China (351 words)

	Wanli Emperor - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Wanli ascended the throne when he was 9 and for the first ten years the young emperor was aided by a notable statesman Zhang Juzheng (張居正).
		Emperor Wanli's died in 1620 and was buried in Dingling (定陵) located on the outskirts of Beijing.
		The Wanli emperor’s reign is representative of the decline of the Ming.
	www.unipedia.info /Wanli.html (741 words)

	Chronologic Timeline Ming Emperors and Summaries of Reign Periods 1368 AD - 1644 AD, by China Report
		the Emperors succeeding Zhu Yuanzhang the Hongwu Emperor, the Confucian scholar
		As the old Emperor was greatly devoted to one of his Ladies, a concubine by the name of Cheng, he was inclined to have her eldest son named Crown Prince.
		The Emperor had no eye for the acute political matters and instead spent nearly all his daily time with the Palace Ladies while indulging in food, drink and carnal pleasures. The Lady of the East and the Lady of the West were his favorite maids of honor.
	www.drben.net /ChinaReport/Sources/History/Ming/Chronologic-Timeline-Ming-Emperors-and-Summary-of-Reign.html (7808 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Qing Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The conclusion is that the political upheaval in China resulted in the inability to produce a marginally accurate census during the collapse of the Ming dynasty.
		China's income plummetted during the wars as vast areas of farmland were destroyed, millions of lives lost, and countless armies raised and equipped to fight the rebels.
		China's turbulent history since the overthrow of the Qing may be understood at least in part as an attempt to understand and recover significant aspects of historic Chinese culture and integrate them with influential new ideas that have emerged within the last century.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Qing_Dynasty (6805 words)

	Chongzhen Emperor of China @ BasketballLiving.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Chongzhen Emperor (WG: Ch'ung-chen) (February 6, 1611 - April 25, 1644) was last emperor of Ming dynasty in China between 1627 and 1644.
		Born Zhu Youjian, he was emperor Taichang's son.
		Chongzhen grew up in a relatively quiet environment because he was a younger son of the Taichang emperor, he was not a part of the power struggle his elder brother Tianqi had endured.
	www.basketballliving.com /allabout/Chongzhen_Emperor_of_China (557 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Database Catalog :: Biographical Database :: Imperial China- (?- 1644)
		After assembling forces and proclaiming himself emperor in the face of competitors, he was able to defeat his rivals, destroy the peasant army of the Chimei (Red Eyebrows, 赤眉), known for their disorganization and marauding, and finally reunify the whole of China in CE 36.
		Emperor Gengshi's regime was only able to obtain nominal submission from many regions of the empire, and one of the trouble region was the region north of the Yellow River.
		The emperor devoted great personal care to the whole project, and in his instruction to the ministers told them that the code of laws should be comprehensive and intelligible, so as not to leave any loophole for lower officials to misinterpret the law through twisting its language.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/06dat/bio.1imp.html (17282 words)

	Qing, Manchu Dynasty
		The conclusion is that the political upheaval in China resulted in the inability to produce a marginally accurate census during the collapse of the Ming dynasty.
		Although China's army overwhelmingly outnumbered the British, their technology and tactics were hopelessly inadequate for a war against the world's leading technological power.
		China's income plummetted during the wars as vast areas of farmland were destroyed, millions of lives lost, and countless armies raised and equipped to fight the rebels.
	www.crystalinks.com /chinadynasties4.html (2309 words)

	Qing Dynasty : China Travel Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		China suffered massive social strife, economic stagnation, explosive population growth, and Western penetration and influence.
		China suffered two extreme famines exactly twenty years after each opium war in the 1860s and 1880s, and the Manchu imperial dynasty was ineffective in helping the population.
		China problems were compounded by the Manchu policies of suppressing Han Chinese.
	www.lonelychina.com /china/qing-dynasty.html (1147 words)

	China: Chinese history: Ming-Dynasty
		China’s security continued be the main priority in the following years by his successors by way of a consequential politics of expansion.
		The new emperor was deeply driven by mistrust against the educated officials, which can presumably be explained by inferiority complexes, since he was clearly inferior to his court officials at least with regards to literary education.
		The fact that the emperor of the Ming was not able to prevent this from happening, does clarify the powerlessness of the declining dynasty at that time all the more.
	www.chinaorbit.com /china-culture/chinese-history/ming-dynasty-china.html (1161 words)

	TAICHANG Articles The Taichang Emperor (August 28, 1
		The Taichang Emperor (August 28, 1582 - September 26, 1620) was the 14th emperor of China (Ming dynasty) in 1620.
		Deprived of fatherly love, Taichang grew up all but forgotten and for the first 20 years of his life, Wanli would not even bestow Taichang the title of crown prince even though he was the eldest.
		Finally in 1601, Taichang was created crown prince but it would be almost another 20 years before he was able to rule.
	www.amazines.com /Taichang_related.html (478 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/List of Emperors of the Ming Dynasty
		The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644, succeeding the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and falling amidst much peasant turmoil to the Manchu Qing dynasty.
		A series of claimants to the Ming throne continued to claim the throne of what was known as the Southern Ming until the last was executed in 1662.
		However, the Zhengtong emperor was able to reclaim his position upon the death of his brother, choosing the reign name Tianshun.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/List_of_Emperors_of_the_Ming_Dynasty (317 words)

	Suchmaschine
		He was succeeded by his son the Tianqi Emperor, and according to the law the Tianqi era was now scheduled to start on January 22, 1621, so that the Taichang era would never exist in practice.
		His father Emperor Wanli openly preferred naming Zhu Changxun (Zh:), Wanli Emperor's younger son by his favourite consort Lady Zheng (Zh:), as Crown Prince over the seniority of Zhu Chanluo, but his intention was met with vehement opposition by most of his Confucian educated ministers.
		Of the Emperor's sons, those by the Empress were called dizi (Zh: --) took precedence over sons by the Emperor's other consorts called shuzi (Zh: --), followed by seniority in accordance to their age.
	www.dmoz.ch /lexikon.cgi?sprache=en&q=Taichang_Emperor (2315 words)

	China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Revered in China during his lifetime in a way not easy for non-Chinese to understand, he was enormously influential around the world as well.
		It is essentially a corridor running from the upper Yellow River in the east, along the verge between the Tibetan plateau on the one hand and the Gobi desert on the other, to the edge of the Xinjiang wastes in the west.
		It formed with the encouragement of China, which needed a buffer zone between itself and the then-aggressive Tibetans, but Nan Chao soon became expansionist in it's own right, and proved to be a considerable threat to China at times.
	www.hostkingdom.net /china.html (2189 words)

	Chongzhen Emperor - Information at Halfvalue.com
		Chongzhen Emperor (pinyin: ChÃ³ngzhÄ“n; WG: Ch'ung-chen) (February 6, 1611 - April 25, 1644) was the 16th and last emperor of Ming dynasty in China between 1627 and 1644.
		Born Zhu Youjian, he was emperor Taichang's son.
		Chongzhen grew up in a relatively quiet environment because as the younger son of the Taichang emperor, he was not a part of the power struggle his elder brother Tianqi had endured.
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Chongzhen_Emperor (737 words)

	Qing Dynasty - China History - China
		In the aftermath of the Xinhai Revolution1911 revolution, a new Republic of China was established and Pu-yithe last emperor abdicated.
		The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor, the mother of child emperor Tongzhi Emperor of ChinaTongzhi, and Aunt of Guangxu Emperor of ChinaGuangxu successfully controlled the Qing government and was the de facto leader of China for close to 40 years.
		After their conqueest of China, the relatively small banner armies were augmented by the Green Standard Army (綠營兵) which outnumbered banner troops by three to one.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Qing_Dynasty (4919 words)

	Emperor Chongzhen (Zhu Youjian) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Emperor Chongzhen is Emperor Taichang's fifth son, he was born in 38th year of Emperor Wanli's reign (1610 AD), died in 17th year of his reign (1644 AD).
		When he succeeded imperial throne, Ming Dynasty was at the edge of perdition: uprisings of peasants broke out; force of Manchu in northeast China was stronger and stronger.
		Emperor Chongzhen knew that the end of Ming Dynasty had come.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0126670/emperors/chongzhen_en.htm (143 words)

	CHONGZHEN EMPEROR OF CHINA Articles Chongzhen Emperor (pinyin: Chóngzhe
		Chongzhen Emperor (pinyin: Chóngzhen; WG: Ch'ung-chen) (February 6, 1611 - April 25, 1644) was the 16th and last emperor of Ming dynasty in China between 1627 and 1644.
		He succeeded his brother to the throne at the age of 17 and eliminated the eunuch Wei Zhongxian(???) and Madam Ke(??).
		It is believed that his final words there were (roughly translated) "I am not the emperor of an ill-fated kingdom, but you, my officials, remain its servants.
	www.amazines.com /Chongzhen_Emperor_of_China_related.html (797 words)

	Tianqi Emperor - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Tianqi Emperor (1605-1627) was Emperor of China (Ming dynasty) from 1620 to 1627.
		Born Zhu Youjiao, he was the Taichang Emperor's eldest son.
		Zhu Youxiao became emperor as an adolescent and did not give much attention to affairs of state, giving the actual power to the eunuch Wei Zhongxian and Madam Ke.
	www.unipedia.info /Tianqi.html (160 words)

	Chongzhen Emperor - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		Chongzhen Emperor (WG: Ch'ung-chen) (1611 - 1644) was last emperor of Ming dynasty in China between 1627 and 1644.
		Popular uprisings and attacks from the Manchus in northeast China were becoming constant.
		Chongzhen, still wearing his imperial attire, fled to the nearby Jingshan Park, where it is believed that his finals words to princess Chang were "吾非亡国之君，汝皆亡国之臣。吾待士亦不薄，今日至此，群臣何无一人相从？"，which roughly translates as "I am not the emperor of an ill-fated kingdom, but you, my officials, remain its servants.
	arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Chongzhen_Emperor (194 words)

	ColorQ's Color Club: Chinese-West Asians (Chinese+Arab/Persian)
		He was Chinese envoy and commander in chief of 6 great naval expeditions to nations in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, as far as the Red Sea.
		(Foreign immigrants in China usually take the first syllable of their native name to be the Chinese family name, hence the children of Mahmoud, or Mohammed are surnamed "Ma") The surname "Zheng" was later bestowed by the emperor Yongle.
		The emperor rewarded him with a promotion to a Lt Colonel, and the permission to change his last name from An (foreign origin) to Zhao (ethnic Chinese).
	www.colorq.org /MeltingPot/Asia/ChineseWestAsians.htm (1582 words)

	CHINA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Memorial of the Propagation in China of the Luminous Religion from Daqin
		Search the CHINA Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named CHINA at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/C/CHINA.htm (279 words)

	China Corner Forum: Emperors of Dynastic Ming
		The second emperor of ming dynastic: his name is "zhu xun wen", he is grandson of zhuyuanzhang.
		The last emperor of ming dynastic is CongZhen.
		unfortunate, the ming dynastic was crashed from this emperor.
	www.china-corner.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=842&get=last (118 words)

	Top Literature - 1620
		Year 1620 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday
		February 4 - Prince Bethlen Gabor signs peace with emperor Ferdinand II.
		May 16 - William Adams, English navigator and samurai (b.
	encyclopedia.topliterature.com /?title=1620 (627 words)

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