| | how ghostly were the 1920s in Japan? |
 | | A claim for universality prevailed in the twenties discourses and advocated both universalist abstractions and the universal oneness of Japan and the West, while for the writers of the preceding period the most urgent task was to cope with the concrete differences with the West. |
| | Needless to say, the culture of Taisho¯[30] differs from that of the former era by the fact that Japan as a modern state came to confront unprecedented reality: internationally, gain of colonial territories[31] as one phase of its imperialist evolution, and domestically, the emergence of a new working class in the major cities. |
| | Although the major reason for the prohibition was claimed to be that of hygiene, actually at work was the motive of pride in a country that had recently freed itself from all the international treaties of unequal nature. |
| www.stanford.edu /group/SHR/5-supp/text/ishii.html (11467 words) |
