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Topic: Tajik language

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	Encyclopedia: Tajik language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tajik or Tadjik (тоҷикӣ, tojikí, تاجیکی toğikī) is a descendant of the Persian language spoken in Central Asia.
		The Pamir languages of the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia are Shughni, Sarikoli, Yazgulyam, Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashimi, Wakhi, and Yidgha.
		Historically, it was considered the local dialect of Persian spoken by the Tajik ethnic group in Central Asia; when the Soviet Union imposed the use of the Latin script in 1928, and later the Cyrillic script, it came to be considered a separate language in Tajikistan, partly for political reasons.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tajik-language (1387 words)

	Tajik language
		Tajik is an offspring of the Persian language, so close that some consider it a dialect of Persian.
		Historically, it is the Persian language of the Central Asia that started to be written in the Cyrillic script during the Soviet Union era and was renamed to Tajik.
		The language has diverged a little from the Persian as spoken in Afghanistan and Iran, because of political borders and the influence of Russian.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/t/ta/tajik_language.html (258 words)

	Persian Dialects: Tajiki - (CAIS)
		Tajik is so closely related to the New-Persian (known to natives as Farsi), spoken in Iran and Afghanistan that Tajik is sometimes considered as a dialect of Persian.
		Tajik is a subgroup of West Iranian languages that include the closely related to Persian languages of New-Perian and Dari; the less closely related languages of Lori/Luri, Bakhtiari, and Kumzari; and the non-Persian dialects of Fars Province.
		Iranian languages are spoken in a wide area stretching from portions of eastern Turkey and eastern Iraq to western India (see maps in Crystal 1987:299, and in Payne 1987:516), and from North, Ossetia to Southern territories of Persian Gulf.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Languages/Tajiki.htm (1536 words)

	World congress on language policies
		Tajik was an intermediate language, a language of writing, religion, culture and civilization.
		Traditionally, the Tajik (Persian) language was the language of religion for the region.
		At present, the Tajik of Badakhshan is influenced by literary Tajik, the national language of Republic Tajikistan and the language of education, literature, and the media.
	www.linguapax.org /congres/taller/taller2/Dodykhudoeva.html (3571 words)

	Tajik-land
		The land of Tajiks, as an Indo-European speaking people, is in the territory known since ancient times as Bactria, Maverannahr, the Parthian Kingdom and the Kingdom of Kharazm, the Kingdom of the Samanids and the states of Seleucids, Tamerlane, the Bukhara Emirate and the Kokand (Qoqand) Khanate once flourished in this region.
		Tajiks also venerate Firdausi, a poet and composer of the Shah-nameh (Book of Kings), the Persian national epic, and Omar Khayyam, of Rubaiyat fame, both born in present-day Iran but at a time when it was in the same empire as Tajikistan.
		Tajiks in Uzbekistan are settled in the valleys of rivers Zerafshan, Shirbadarya, Fergana valley (all around: Chust, Kasansoy, Marghilan), Sorkh (to the south from Kokand), Jizzakh province, on the right inflows of the river Surkhandarya, Chorvok area, in the upper Kashkadarya, Burjmolla, Sukh enclave, Khiva and other areas.
	www.geocities.com /tajikland (859 words)

	MSN Encarta - Printer-friendly - Tajikistan
		The official state language is Tajik (or Tojiki), an Indo-Iranian language that is another form of modern Persian.
		The 1994 constitution recognizes Tajik as the official state language and Russian as the language of interethnic communication.
		The Tajik National Theater, consisting of nine different theaters, was founded in Dushanbe in 1929 for musical comedy, ballet, opera, and puppetry.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761571704___30/Tajikistan.html (1229 words)

	Language day celebrated in Tajikistan
		Tajik scholars and the public celebrated the day by attending various scientific conferences and the ceremonies and feasts held in parks and public places.
		The language law was ratified on July 22 1989 at people's request, based on which the Tajik Persian language became the official language in the country.
		He said that another factor for the failure to implement the adoption of Tajik Persian language was the state employees' lack of Tajik language writing skills because of their long habit of writing in Russian.
	www.payvand.com /news/01/jul/1115.html (756 words)

	People In Our Community
		Tajik people (Tojik) speak Tajik language which is part of south-western group of iranian languages.
		Tajiks also live in frontier regions of Kirgizstan, in south-east of Kazahstan and ancient province Horasan in the north-east of Iran.
		Tajik language ("zaboni tojiki") is the native language for Central Asian (Buhara) Jews who live in Tajikistan.
	www.schoolsonline.org /dushanbe/en/people_in_our_community.htm (642 words)

	Republic of Tajikistan / Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In Uzbekistan (where the Tajik on the official data, make about 4% of the population of this republic) are settled in the valleys of rivers Zerafshan, Shirbadarya, Sokh (to the south from Kokand), on the right inflows of the river Surkhandarya, in the upper Kashkadarya and other areas.
		According to the Constitution of Tajikistan, the state language of the republic is Tajik language.
		The language of interethnic dialogue - first of all in northern, Centralasian's southwest regions of the country (despite of the outflow of the considerable part of Russian -speaking population) - remains Russian language, about 30% of the ethnic Tadjiks and a considerable part of the representatives of other people mastered it in 80th years.
	tajikistan.tajnet.com /english/society/population.htm (878 words)

	Iranica.com - FEUDALISM
		Based upon classical Persian and drawing extensively on the vocabulary and forms of the spoken language, it was meant to serve as the vehicle of a new, militant literature that would be devoted to the building of a communist society and the creation of a multi-cultural new Soviet man.
		Tajik fiction of the latter 1970s and the 1980s displays new themes, while the traditional themes of socialist construction and revolutionary struggle now often provided merely the framework for penetrating investigations of character and of contemporary social and ethical questions.
		The dominant figure of the Tajik novel and short story of the period is the hero who is distinguished by a keen sense of responsibility for beneficial social change and by active involvement in bringing it about, as in UÚrun Ku@hza@d's (b.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v9f6/v9f611i.html (3124 words)

	Regions Central Asia - IIAS Newsletter Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Their legacy here is, quite naturally, Soviet language policy, which during the Soviet era was highly centralized, designed and controlled as it was by Moscow, and which was characterized first and foremost by the dominance and influence of the Russian language.
		Definitions of language policy vary, but in my research on the language situation in Uzbekistan, I stick to a rather narrow definition: 'that which an authority, for example, the government of a country, both allows and stipulates as far as language practice is concerned'.
		Tajikistan has a large Uzbek population, and concessions were made in the Tajik language law of 1989 to the practice and teaching of Uzbek, in the same manner as concessions were made for the use of the 'international' Russian language as well as Russian-Tajik bilingualism in the republic.
	www.iias.nl /iiasn/17/regions/17CAXA01.html (1651 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Tajikistan: Language in everyday life
		Schools with Russian, Tajik or Uzbek as the language of instruction depended on the ethnic composition residing in the certain territory.
		Although Tajik was in the curricula of all non-Tajik schools, the level of teaching was insufficient.
		However, few textbooks were available in Tajik so that by the end of the 1980s, only 10 to 25% of students attending Tajik-language schools had textbooks or other teaching materials in their own language.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=25&TID=6 (605 words)

	Foreign Language Opportunities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tajik is the official language of the Republic of Tajikistan, one of the five states that emerged in Central Asia from the fragmentation of the Soviet Union in 1991.
		Data suggest that Tajik villages are gradually being overtaken by Uzbek settlers, thereby compromising the future of the Tajik language in its homeland.
		On the other hand, Tajik is the primary language of many who live in Uzbekistan, especially in such older cities such as Samarkand and Bukhara, which Tajiks have claimed traditionally as theirs.
	www.indiana.edu /~college/foreignlanguage/tajik/tajikSpoken.shtml (187 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After the Tajik civil war, the Uzbek Islamic opposition received military training in encampments in the east of the country left over from the fighting.
		Tajik communities on the Uzbek side of the border have been accused of collaborating with the rebels.
		According to OEDR records, 47 Tajik citizens were deported from the Termez municipality, in Surkhandarya, in March.
	www.iwpr.net /archive/rca/rca_200104_49_3_eng.txt (684 words)

	Tajikistan: Report: Part II: Analytic Section: cont. 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		From 3,420 comprehensive schools, education in Tajik is conducted at 2147 schools, in Uzbek at 1081, in Russian and mixed languages at 144, in Kyrgyz at 41, and in Turkmeni at 7 schools.
		The needs for the pedagogical staff for schools with Russian and Uzbek languages of training in basic are provided by high schools of Tajikistan; and Kyrgyz and Turkmen languages of training is through the high schools of these states.
		In the plan of realization of a component of state standard of education in Tajikistan is rather sharp there is the problem of study Tajik language at schools with other language of training for the lack of effective techniques, textbooks and other means of training.
	www2.unesco.org /wef/countryreports/tajikistan/rapport_2_2.html (5799 words)

	The Need to Establish a Common Culture for A Greater Iran - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)©
		Naturally the allotted 150 hours was not enough to teach the Persian language to Tajik students and we had no professor in the university to explain the meaning of one of the stanzas of Hafiz' Lyrics.
		According to the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, the `Tajikistan' denomination is derived from the main tribe that gradually settled in Tajikistan i.e.
		Unfortunately, Tajiks dwelling north of Tajikistan, oppose the adoption of the Persian language.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Geography/common_culture.htm (1866 words)

	LLRX -- Researching Tajik Law: A Guide to Tajik Law System
		She is a graduate of the Law Faculty of Tajik National University (1994).
		Tajiks is a nation of Persian origin, the most ancient one in Central Asia.
		The first Tajik state was founded in the 9th century by Ismoili Somoni and ruled by the House of Somonis (875-999).
	www.llrx.com /features/tajik.htm (1160 words)

	Press Release
		Its Preamble begins with the words "We Tajiks..." and Article Two states that, "the official language of the Republic of Tajikistan will be the Tajik (Farsi) language."(20) The entire draft, and especially the language provision, which reinforced the Language Law of 1989, drew immediate protests from members of Tajikistan's national-ethnic communities.
		These proposed changes in the language law would have a serious negative impact on a large portion of the population, as Russian had been the dominant language used in official institutions in Tajikistan since the imposition of the Soviet government in the 1920s.
		Although the Pamirs, like the Tajiks, are an Iranian people, they belong to a different sect of Islam, the Ismailis, speak a different language, and consider that they look different from Tajiks.(58) Most Pamirs live in the Gorno-Badakhshan oblast, one of the regions in opposition to the hardline ex-communist government.
	www.eurasianet.org /resource/tajikistan/links/tajkethn.html (3667 words)

	Iranica.com - ÈNTSIKLOPEDIYAI SOVETII TOJIK
		Articles on the history of the Tajik people naturally lead to the related fields of both Central Asian and Iranian studies, to which particular attention is devoted.
		The Tajik nomenclature in natural sciences (e.g., medicine, flora and fauna) is furnished with the Latin equivalent—a useful way, together with the illustrations, to identify the terms.
		An offshoot of the Tajik Soviet Encyclopedia is the Èntsiklopediyai kòojigii qiæloqi Tojikiston (Encyclopedia of the agricultural economy of Tajikistan) which was edited by J.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v8f5/v8f515.html (976 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Tajikistan: Legislation
		The new Tajik Constitution declares Tajik as the state language of the Republic.
		Russian is given the status of the language of inter-ethnic communication and also can be used in all spheres of social life.
		The Law recognizes the equality of all languages, provides legal guarantees and respectful treatment of all languages spoken in the territory of the country.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=25&TID=1 (338 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nearly two-thirds of the Chinese Tajik reside in China in the Pamir Mountains of the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County.
		The Tajik language, Sarikoli, belongs to the Iranian group of the Indo-European language family.
		The Tajik live in households composed of three generations, with the oldest male serving as the head of the household.
	www.ksafe.com /profiles/p_code5/1477.html (821 words)

	The Minority Groups: Tajik
		The Tajik language belongs to the Iranian Austronesian, Indo-European languages Phylum.
		Tajiks daily meal consists of tea and nang, a large pancake popular in Xinjiang.
		The Tajik Spring Festival, which falls in March and marks the beginning of a new year, is the most important annual occasion for the Tajik people.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/nationality/tajik (532 words)

	Tajik alphabet
		Galcha) is an Iranian language closely related to Persian and spoken in Tajikistan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan by about 4.4 million people.
		Before 1928, Tajik was written with a version of the Perso-Arabic script, then Tajik the Latin alphbet from 1928 to 1940, then with a modified version of the Cyrillic alphabet thereafter.
		In 1994, the Tajik government attempted to reintroduce the Latin alphabet.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/tajik.htm (241 words)

	Tajikistan
		Znamierowski further mentions that in the traditional Tajik culture, the magic number seven is a symbol of perfection and the emblem of happiness as the source of virtue.
		According to a Tajik legend, the paradise is made of seven beautiful orchards separated from each other by seven mountains, each of the mountains being a surmonted by a bright star.
		In terms of language, though, Tajik is a classical version of Persian and shares immense similarities with Dari and Persian.
	www.fotw.net /flags/tj.html (1626 words)

	Tajik Minority - Chinese Nationalities
		The Tajik ethnic group has a population of 45,000, of which 60% live in Tashi Ku'ergan Tajik Autonomous County, while others live in South Xinjiang.
		Language The Tajik language belongs to the Iranian Austronesian, Indo-European languages Phylum.
		A Tajik herdsman hands gnarled by years of roping horses, seems soothed by the sound of his own music, Sheepskin tambourines, souna horns, and long-necked dutars also lend exotic sounds to Kashgar.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Minorities/min-Tajik.html (405 words)

	Afghanistan workshop: Resources on Language Policy Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Comments on Persian languages: Tajik, Dari, and etc. are a complex of similar languages- easy to learn; Aesthetics made it a root for poetry; vocabulary is huge, with Arabic origins in many cases.
		Pashtu language policy may be discussed spatially (Afghanistan, Pakistan’s NWFP, Swat State, 1926-69) and temporally (Afghanistan in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the British colonial period in the NWFP, the NWFP after Pakistan’s independence in 1947.
		The evolutions of recent national language policy include the December 2003 announcement in Pakistan that English will be compulsory from class I. In Afghanistan Dari (Afghan Persian) and Pashtu were named official languages in the 2003 Constitution, but also regional languages were to be acknowledged in their home regions.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /salrc/afghanistan/lgpolicy/execsummary.html (3974 words)

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