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Topic: Takarazuka

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	The Rose of Versailles - Takarazuka
		Takarazuka can be seen as the female equivalent of the Kabuki, the traditional all-male Japanese theatre in which female roles are played by men, and many Takarazuka fans are also fans of Kabuki.
		Takarazuka actresses end their careers while they are still young; youth and beauty is the essence of Takarazuka.
		At Takarazuka the male role stars are strong and handsome and the female role stars are soft and pretty.
	pages.interlog.com /~dgsimmns/RoV/RoV.Takarazuka.html (1689 words)

	Modern Japan - Entertainment - Takarazuka
		The all-female Takarazuka Revue Company is such a fanatically supported institution that you know it must touch something deep in the Japanese psyche, or at least the female Japanese psyche.
		Though Takarazuka incorporates many elements of western theater (at the time of writing, the main theater was hosting a performance of Guys and Dolls), it retains strong Japanese elements.
		Takarazuka was founded in the city of the same name in 1913 by Kobayashi Ichizo, the president of Hankyu Railways.
	www.japan-zone.com /modern/takarazuka.shtml (1066 words)

	Anime-Myth.com v. With You (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Takarazuka Music Academy was founded to instruct young Takarasienne's to be in voice, dance, and theater in both the Eastern and Western tradition.
		Takarazuka performers when they are going through the Academy are assigned a gender that the rest of their career in the theater will be based on, ie if they are more feminine they will be women in their roles from thence forth, or if more masculine they will have male roles from thence forth.
		Robertson notes in her book, women who portray men in Takarazuka noted in earlier years they were able to pursue roles of careers that might be closed or were underrepresented by women, such as a pilot or engineer.
	www.anime-myth.com /takarazuka.html (1151 words)

	Anime News Network - Rose Of Versailles Revival
		The 250th anniversary of the birth of Marie-Antoinette (born in Vienna in 1755) is being used as a pretext by TMS Entertainment and the Takarazuka Revue Company to revive the Rose of Versailles.
		Takarazuka Star Troupe toured Japan from September 24 to October 21 performing the "Fersen and Marie Antoinette version." From January to February they will perform at the Takarazuka Grand Theater, and then from February to April at the Toyko Takarazuka Theater.
		The play was responsible for an astounding reversal of fortunes at Takarazuka, the troupe had been in a state of decline for several years and may have been on the verge of shutting down when The Rose of Versailles premiered.
	www.animenewsnetwork.com /article.php?id=7733 (491 words)

	Arendt: "Crept Into Her Soul"
		Takarazuka teaches women about the male psyche, while Kabuki presents an image of the ideal female.
		Kabuki and Takarazuka use the medium of theater to present a fantasy world where men are women and women are men.
		Both Kabuki and Takarazuka create a removal from the burdens of daily life by creating a dream life where men are sensitive and handsome and women are courageous and elegant.
	www.anthropology.emory.edu /EA/arendt.html (5417 words)

	Intersections: Takarazuka: Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern Japan. Review">
		The 'strategic ambivalence' of Takarazuka, its history within the context of 20th-century Japan, the Revue's largely invented traditions and the controversy and secrecy which have surrounded it are some of the aspects examined by Robertson, now Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan.
		Takarazuka's image as a 'purveyor of dreams' clashes greatly with the picture she paints, yet the reader must realise that all aspects of life in Japan before the end of World War Two were controlled by the state, and the very popularity of the Revue would have made it a useful propaganda tool.
		Takarazuka: Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern Japan is a meticulously-researched, scholarly work, couched in the terms of current theories on culture, gender, sexuality, theatre studies and many related disciplines.
	wwwsshe.murdoch.edu.au /intersections/issue2/leoniereview.html (1750 words)

	JAPAN RACING JOURNAL 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The field of the Takarazuka Kinen, in similar manner to the year-end Arima Kinen, is partially chosen by fan ballot.
		Six years ago, the Takarazuka Kinen was opened to foreign participants, but it has failed to draw attention from abroad, despite the fact that the race is one of only 2 of Japan's 8 GI races open to foreign-trained runners that is classified as an international GI race.
		With the late June date of the Takarazuka Kinen and seasons winding down in both Europe and the United States, Masuda says the JRA does not have overly high hopes that participants from those countries will be scrambling to come to Japan.
	www.jair.jrao.ne.jp /journal/v11n2/j4000f.html (662 words)

	glbtq >> arts >> Takarazuka (All-Female Revues in Japan)
		Despite the mainstream subjects of Takarazuka, the revues have nonetheless spawned fringe activities that are gender-transgressive and that tellingly illustrate the construction and deconstruction of gender roles.
		The oldest and most successful of the all women groups is the Takarazuka Revue, founded in a hot-springs resort near Osaka in 1913 by Kobayashi Ichizo (1873-1957), a male industrialist, impresario, and politician.
		Most Takarazuka fans are as respectable and mainstream as the performers--housewives, industrialists, politicians, and teenagers.
	www.glbtq.com /arts/takarazuka.html (856 words)

	EyesOnJapan.com \| "Japan's Takarazuka Theater makes women, and men, of talented girls"
		Takarazuka`s uniqueness in Japan was brought to the public's attention about three years ago when a former Takarazuka actress named Hiroko Hayashi was elected to Japan's Upper House of Parliament and began pushing for tax-exempt status for the revue.
		Although Hayashi's dream of giving the 76-year-old Takarazuka the same status as Japan's centuries-old Kabuki and Noh theaters was cut short when she lost in last summer`s Upper House elections, she has not given up the idea and still pushes it whenever she has the chance.
		Indeed, Takarazuka seems almost like a reaction to the smugness of modern Japan, where sophistication and wealth have become prime pursuits and where some Japanese lament what they insist are the increasingly blurred male-female roles in Japan's culture.
	www.davidappleyard.com /japan/jp41.htm (1881 words)

	1WEBB\dollsjapan\ayuki
		The Takarazuka, or "Paradise" Theater, is truly a romantic fantasy world where lights and music provide a means of escape for thousands of adoring, predominately young, teenage female fans who come to laugh and cry while admiring their favorite star.
		To help celebrate the Takarazuka Theater's 80th anniversary, Takara Co. Ltd., the originators of the "Takara Barbie", has chosen one of the theater's brightest stars as the choice for their first ever female personality dolls.
		The Takarazuka Theater Company is reluctant to release much personal information regarding their stars but this much is known: Yûki Amami's real name is Yuri Nakano and she was born on August 8th in Taito-ku, Tokyo.
	www.dollsjapan.com /ayuki.htm (1371 words)

	CNN - Women play men in unique heater - Apr. 7, 1996
		For 80 years, Takarazuka has been training young, talented girls to become starlets of the stage -- but the Rockettes of the East, they are not.
		The masculine illusion is what most Takarazuka fans, nearly all of whom are female, find so intriguing.
		Takarazuka tradition dictates that the production be flamboyantly excessive, from extravagant costumes and sets to lively musical numbers.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9604/07/female_theater (424 words)

	ArtandCulture Artist: Takarazuka Revue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1914 Ichizo Kobayashi, a Hankyu railway magnate, founded the Takarazuka Revue (Takarazuka means "treasure mound") as a way to entice visitors to a hot spring resort on his railway line.
		Takarazuka performers are either otoko-yaku, women-as-men, or musume- or ona-yaku, women-as-women.
		The Takarazuka Music School is a hybrid of the Julliard and a military academy, complete with a ranking system and the bullying that accompanies it.
	www.artandculture.com /cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/artist?id=1052 (600 words)

	TAKARAZUKA REVUE ENGLISH
		The troupe changed its name to The Takarazuka Revue Company in 1940, and divided into separate groups called "Flower", "Moon", "Snow", "Star", and "Special Course" which have performed predominantly at the home stage in Osaka, the Takarazuka Grand Theater.
		In 1938, the Takarazuka held its first overseas performance in Europe, then continued to win the admiration of audiences in United States, Canada, China, and the other countries.
		The new Takarazuka Revue's performance will continue to be concentrated at the Grand Theater while recitals for top stars and performances training for younger company performers will be held at Bow Hall, Tokyo Takarazuka Theater and at other venues abroad.
	kageki.hankyu.co.jp /english/history.html (248 words)

	Gen's Takarazuka Page
		Takarazuka is why I had to give up on ever again working on my Enka page.
		Takarazuka is the reason I no longer have time to watch anime.
		Takarazuka is the reason why my friends and family (and sometimes strangers on the street) think I've gone completely out of my mind.
	www.conceitedindependence.com /Takarazuka.shtml (533 words)

	Japanese tradition meets Western musicals \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Takarazuka Revue Company was immortalized by James Michener in his bestseller "Sayonara." Although the Marlon Brando film of the same name was filmed at Takarazuka and with the troupe, the name of the group was changed.
		The Takarazuka's prestige is so great that, despite low pay, long hours, and the disciplined, almost monastic life led by the performers, only one in 20 who applies is accepted for training.
		Two troupes are always in rehearsal at the 2550-seat Takarazuka Grand Theater, which boasts two revolving stages, six lifts, wind and smoke machines, and a proscenium 25 feet high and 77-1/2 feet wide.
	www.csmonitor.com /2005/0420/p14s01-trgn.htm (733 words)

	Deep Impact Makes Last Japan Start Saturday \| bloodhorse.com
		Interest in the Takarazuka Kinen will not only be in how many lengths Deep Impact can win by, but also how the son of Sunday Silence will be ridden by champion jockey Yutaka Take.
		Although the race is named Takarazuka after the location of the Hanshin track, this year's running will be held at the Kyoto Racecourse due to major construction being carried out at the Hanshin track.
		Wagering on the Takarazuka Kinen is available on TVG or at select simulcast locations across North America.
	www.bloodhorse.com /rss/article.asp?id=34105 (449 words)

	The News - International
		The play was a turning point for Takarazuka Revue by bringing gender-bending roles to centre-stage, said Atsuro Kawauchi, a theatre critic and professor at Shukugawa Gakuin College.
		Takarazuka Revue, established by Ichizo Kobayashi, who was a founder of the Hankyu Corporation of railways, first performed in 1914.
		It is named after the troupe’s birthplace in Takarazuka, a small spa town in the western Japanese prefecture of Hyogo.
	www.thenews.com.pk /daily_detail.asp?id=10346 (718 words)

	H-Net Review: Jordan Sand on Takarazuka: Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The greatest difficulties come in analysis of the war years, when she seeks to demonstrate that Takarazuka served as a "weapon" in state mobilization of the Japanese and even in the assimilation of other Asian peoples.
		The material she presents shows that revue directors were imperial enthusiasts, but not that the government made any effort to use the revue theater for purposes of mobilization.
		Accepting what she further implies, that Takarazuka dramas performed in Japanese (or worse still, in Mandarin rendered in Japanese syllabary!) were somehow useful in making loyal Japanese subjects out of non-Japanese audiences requires simply too great a suspension of disbelief.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=32161919113521 (1148 words)

	The Manga Column: From the Stage to Shojo
		Still going strong, today the Takarazuka Music Academy, whose motto is “Be pure, be proper, be beautiful,” accepts young women in their late teens and features a demanding curriculum that includes classes in dance, acting, music, singing, history and etiquette.
		The Takarazuka Revue was the first Japanese troupe to perform the revue, a type of theatrical show featuring songs, skits, and dancing.
		The Takarazuka Revue began almost a century ago, and nobody could have predicted the profound effect a theatre established as a tourist attraction would have on manga, an art style and a phenomenon that wouldn’t be developed in a form familiar to us until the post-World War II years.
	www.tokyopop.com /297.html (1145 words)

	Anthropology 254a \| Viewing Notes \| Dream Girls
		The Takarazuka Revue was founded in 1913 in then-new resort town of the same name in the hills north of the city of Kobe.
		Listening to these women, one wonders if the eventual effect of Takarazuka on its female audiences is to gain acceptance for the gender status quo or to fuel dissatisfaction with their actual experiences.
		Nonetheless, Takarazuka remains a theater where, as Robertson puts it in the title of one of her articles, gender roles and sexualities are both done (performed) and undone (subverted).
	classes.yale.edu /03-04/anth254a/videos/dream_girls.html (1250 words)

	2002 Japan National Little League® Tournament Results
		Nakane struck out eleven and held Takarazuka to five hits in a complete game effort, and Sendai broke open a 1-0 game with a seven run rally in the bottom of the second inning.
		Takarazuka's lone run came on a solo home run in the top of the fourth inning.
		Takarazuka finished as the runner-up for the second time in six years.
	www.unpage.org /japan/jn-2002.htm (879 words)

	Takarazuka Revue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Takarazuka Revue (宝塚歌劇団 Takarazuka Kagekidan) began in Takarazuka, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan in 1913 founded by Ichizo Kobayashi and had their first performance in 1914.
		The novelty of Takarazuka is that all the parts are played by women, like a mirror-image of Kabuki.
		Haruka Tenoh and Michiru Kaioh of Sailor Moon were loosely based on the actors of the Takarazuka Revue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Takarazuka_Revue (1275 words)

	Takarazuka - Destination Guide - Hotel Near (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There are a couple of atmospheric temples in the hills around Takarazuka that merit a look as part of a day-trip to the spa town.
		The long slope leading up to the temple from the station is lined with stalls selling souvenirs and traditional sweets, and each autumn the woods surrounding Kojin-san, as it's nicknamed, burst into a range of rustic colours.
		Although there's been a temple on this spot for 1400 years, the present buildings date from 1610, and people come here to worship the eleven-faced Goddess of Mercy, Juichimen Kannon Bosatsu, a statue believed to have been carved from a nutmeg tree in the tenth century.
	www.hotelnear.com /619/732/Japan-Takarazuka.html (500 words)

	Stars & Stripes
		The Takarazuka was formed more than 90 years ago by Ichizo Kobayashi, the president of the Hankyu Railway, a commuter railroad running between Takarazuka (“Treasure Hill”) and Osaka.
		The Takarazuka’s prestige is so great that, despite the low pay, long hours and the disciplined, almost monastic life led by the young women, only one in 20 who applies is accepted for training.
		TAKARAZUKA GRAND THEATER: Two troupes are always in rehearsal at the 2,550-seat Takarazuka Grand Theater, which has two revolving stages, six lifts, wind and smoke machines, and a 23.6-meter-wide proscenium.
	www.estripes.com /article.asp?section=140&article=30110&archive=true (1222 words)

	Amazon.com: Takarazuka: Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern Japan: Books: Jennifer Robertson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Tracing the contradictory meanings of Takarazuka productions over time, with special attention to the World War II period, Robertson illuminates the intricate web of relationships among managers, directors, actors, fans, and social critics, whose clashes and compromises textured the theater and the wider society in colorful and complex ways.
		For example, she tries to prove that the idea that there are differences between the sexes is nonsense by pointing out that the Takarasiennes who play male roles, for which they are chosen because of their more masculine body type (tall, small-bosomed, broad-shouldered), are as female as the curvy petite Takarasiennes who play female roles.
		Takarazuka is a fascinating aspect of Japanese culture, and I was greatly disappointed by this book.
	amazon.com /Takarazuka-Sexual-Politics-Popular-Culture/dp/0520211510 (1635 words)

	Takarazuka "Takarazuka Revue" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		he Takarazuka Revue Company was born on the 1st of April, 1915 and since then, with a motto of "pure, right and beautiful," it has been producing splendid stage shows which are loved by many fans.
		The Takarazuka members, with luxurious costumes and elaborate lighting, play out beautiful love stories which intoxicate their audience.
		Another feature of the Takarazuka Revue is that they have a house orchestra to make live music for the stage performances.
	www.kiis.or.jp /kansaida/takarazuka/takarazuka05-e.html (217 words)

	Takarazuka - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		La Revue Takarazuka, une compagnie thÃ©Ã¢trale de femmes pour les femmes
		Horse Racing 6 23 0265 Favored Dantsu Flame edges Tsurumaru Boy at Takarazuka Kinen
		Theater China 9 10 0211 Japan's all female Takarazuka troupe set to perform in China
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-takarazu.html (202 words)

	Week 9 (W 05)
		The article attempts to think through the question of whether Takarazuka, and in particular the role of the otokoyaku (male role impersonator) might be subversive of patriarchy or whether it simply reinforces the dominance of men in modern Japanese society.
		The first performance of Rose of Versailles as a Takarazuka spectacle was performed in 1974 with Haruna Yuri in the leading role of Oscar.
		Because the original manga story was so long and complicated, Takarazuka initially produced two versions, one focusing on the Oscar and Andre love story, the other focussing on the Axel Fersen and Marie Antoinette story.
	eee.uci.edu /clients/sbklein/gender/RDGWk09.htm (978 words)

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