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Topic: Takarazuka Revue

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	The Rose of Versailles - Takarazuka
		Takarazuka can be seen as the female equivalent of the Kabuki, the traditional all-male Japanese theatre in which female roles are played by men, and many Takarazuka fans are also fans of Kabuki.
		Similarly the male role players at Takarazuka portray the essence of masculinity in a way that is not open to a man, and this is where the fascination of Takarazuka lies.
		Takarazuka actresses end their careers while they are still young; youth and beauty is the essence of Takarazuka.
	pages.interlog.com /~dgsimmns/RoV/RoV.Takarazuka.html (1689 words)

	Anime-Myth.com v. With You
		The Takarazuka Music Academy was founded to instruct young Takarasienne's to be in voice, dance, and theater in both the Eastern and Western tradition.
		Takarazuka performers when they are going through the Academy are assigned a gender that the rest of their career in the theater will be based on, ie if they are more feminine they will be women in their roles from thence forth, or if more masculine they will have male roles from thence forth.
		Robertson notes in her book, women who portray men in Takarazuka noted in earlier years they were able to pursue roles of careers that might be closed or were underrepresented by women, such as a pilot or engineer.
	www.anime-myth.com /takarazuka.html (1151 words)

	Matthew Stein
		According to Robertson, she uses the Takarazuka Revue to support her thesis and discussion of the how modern Japanese reflexively create a sense of themselves as either gender, and also how some of them attribute gender aspects to others.
		One of the key aspects of the revue, is that contemporary Japan and the Japanese were not represented on the stage.
		However Robertson did support her thesis extremely well by using the Takarazuka Revue as an example, and as a result, her discussion was very informative and useful to people interested in the culture of modern Japan.
	www.fallenone.net /review.html (744 words)

	Intersections: Takarazuka: Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern Japan. Review">
		The 'strategic ambivalence' of Takarazuka, its history within the context of 20th-century Japan, the Revue's largely invented traditions and the controversy and secrecy which have surrounded it are some of the aspects examined by Robertson, now Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan.
		Revue rules dictate that performers all be unmarried females (supposedly sexually inexperienced and never to have borne children), yet these same women may be called upon to play every type of role, male or female, of any age, life experience or nationality.
		Takarazuka's image as a 'purveyor of dreams' clashes greatly with the picture she paints, yet the reader must realise that all aspects of life in Japan before the end of World War Two were controlled by the state, and the very popularity of the Revue would have made it a useful propaganda tool.
	wwwsshe.murdoch.edu.au /intersections/issue2/leoniereview.html (1750 words)

	ArtandCulture Artist: Takarazuka Revue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1914 Ichizo Kobayashi, a Hankyu railway magnate, founded the Takarazuka Revue (Takarazuka means "treasure mound") as a way to entice visitors to a hot spring resort on his railway line.
		Japanese women (the Revue's audience is 95 percent female) flock to see their favorites in "West Side Story," "Kiss Me Kate," and "Oklahoma!" In fact, Japan's biggest stars tend to be former "Takarizienne." And -- surprise surprise -- the most-revered Takarazuka stars are its drag kings, or otoko-yaku.
		The Takarazuka Music School is a hybrid of the Julliard and a military academy, complete with a ranking system and the bullying that accompanies it.
	www.artandculture.com /cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/artist?id=1052 (600 words)

	Modern Japan - Entertainment - Takarazuka
		The all-female Takarazuka Revue Company is such a fanatically supported institution that you know it must touch something deep in the Japanese psyche, or at least the female Japanese psyche.
		Though Takarazuka incorporates many elements of western theater (at the time of writing, the main theater was hosting a performance of Guys and Dolls), it retains strong Japanese elements.
		Takarazuka was founded in the city of the same name in 1913 by Kobayashi Ichizo, the president of Hankyu Railways.
	www.japan-zone.com /modern/takarazuka.shtml (1066 words)

	Anthropology 254a \| Viewing Notes \| Dream Girls
		The Takarazuka Revue was founded in 1913 in then-new resort town of the same name in the hills north of the city of Kobe.
		Indeed, the Revue is a striking paradox-at once a celebrated mass family entertainment that dramatizes (or "melodramatizes") proper gender roles and relations, but also swells an undercurrent of homoerotic passion in the subculture of Takarasienne actresses and fans that simultaneously and dangerously subverts and critiques those mainstream ideologies.
		Nonetheless, Takarazuka remains a theater where, as Robertson puts it in the title of one of her articles, gender roles and sexualities are both done (performed) and undone (subverted).
	classes.yale.edu /03-04/anth254a/videos/dream_girls.html (1250 words)

	Arendt: "Crept Into Her Soul"
		The all male revue, Kabuki, and the all-female revue, Takarazuka, provide a popular form of entertainment based on the commodity of men playing women's roles, onnagata, and women playing men's roles, otokoyaku.
		Kabuki and Takarazuka use the medium of theater to present a fantasy world where men are women and women are men.
		Both Kabuki and Takarazuka create a removal from the burdens of daily life by creating a dream life where men are sensitive and handsome and women are courageous and elegant.
	www.anthropology.emory.edu /EA/arendt.html (5417 words)

	Takarazuka Revue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Part of the novelty of Takarazuka is that all the parts are played by women, like a mirror-image of Kabuki.
		The Takarazuka Revue inspired the plot of the original Sakura Wars video game, along with additional inspiration from Takarazuka's one time competitor the Shochiku Kagekidan (Shochiku Revue).
		Revolutionary Girl Utena often borrows the visual style of Takarazuka, and Haruka Tenoh and Michiru Kaioh of Sailor Moon were loosely based on the actors of the Takarazuka Revue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Takarazuka_Revue (1259 words)

	TEZUKA OSAMU @ WORLD : TOMM
		His mother was a big fan of the Takarazuka Revue, so she often went to the theater, taking him with her.
		The work is a compilation of Tezuka's experiences with the Takarazuka Revue but at the same time it is the first story manga for girls.
		After months and years, the girls' manga that originated in the Takarazuka Revue has developed to the extent that one of the stories was performed by the Revue and triggered a big boom.
	en.tezuka.co.jp /tomm/contents/project_ex/no24/index.html (376 words)

	TAKARAZUKA REVUE ENGLISH
		The troupe changed its name to The Takarazuka Revue Company in 1940, and divided into separate groups called "Flower", "Moon", "Snow", "Star", and "Special Course" which have performed predominantly at the home stage in Osaka, the Takarazuka Grand Theater.
		For the first time in 65 years, the fifth revue troupe "Cosmos" was born in 1998.
		The new Takarazuka Revue's performance will continue to be concentrated at the Grand Theater while recitals for top stars and performances training for younger company performers will be held at Bow Hall, Tokyo Takarazuka Theater and at other venues abroad.
	kageki.hankyu.co.jp /english/history.html (248 words)

	EyesOnJapan.com \| "Japan's Takarazuka Theater makes women, and men, of talented girls"
		Takarazuka`s uniqueness in Japan was brought to the public's attention about three years ago when a former Takarazuka actress named Hiroko Hayashi was elected to Japan's Upper House of Parliament and began pushing for tax-exempt status for the revue.
		Although Hayashi's dream of giving the 76-year-old Takarazuka the same status as Japan's centuries-old Kabuki and Noh theaters was cut short when she lost in last summer`s Upper House elections, she has not given up the idea and still pushes it whenever she has the chance.
		Indeed, Takarazuka seems almost like a reaction to the smugness of modern Japan, where sophistication and wealth have become prime pursuits and where some Japanese lament what they insist are the increasingly blurred male-female roles in Japan's culture.
	www.davidappleyard.com /japan/jp41.htm (1881 words)

	Polare 12: The Takarazuka Revue
		Takarazuka was formed in 1914 by Ichizo Kobayashi, a railway company director who built a theatre at the end of his railway line to boost passenger sales.
		As the members of the Takarazuka Revue reach 25, many of the women are pressured by their parents to leave and get married.
		What is evident though, is that the Takarazuka Revue is the fastest growing show in popularity in Japan at the moment, and there is no sign of this slowing down.
	www.gendercentre.org.au /12article7.htm (1166 words)

	Gogai! Gogai!
		And women who will take on a career as portraying men and boys during their time in Takarazuka may cut and keep their hair short/er and work on having a more decidedly masculine movement, speech, and gesture to give that air onstage.
		Takarazuka may influence the Shadow Plays in Utena as all three girls from the theater club play both the masculine and feminine roles in their skits and later in the play they put on for Utena, Anthy, and Akio.
		Robertson notes in her book, women who portray men in Takarazuka noted in earlier years they were able to pursue roles of careers that might be closed or were under-represented by women, such as a pilot or engineer.
	www.bunnybeth.net /gogai/news/takarazuka.html (983 words)

	Japanese tradition meets Western musicals \| csmonitor.com
		The revues are dazzling, on the scale of Las Vegas, but are also suitable for all age groups.
		The Takarazuka Revue Company was immortalized by James Michener in his bestseller "Sayonara." Although the Marlon Brando film of the same name was filmed at Takarazuka and with the troupe, the name of the group was changed.
		The Takarazuka's prestige is so great that, despite low pay, long hours, and the disciplined, almost monastic life led by the performers, only one in 20 who applies is accepted for training.
	www.csmonitor.com /2005/0420/p14s01-trgn.html (876 words)

	1WEBB\dollsjapan\ayuki
		The Takarazuka, or "Paradise" Theater, is truly a romantic fantasy world where lights and music provide a means of escape for thousands of adoring, predominately young, teenage female fans who come to laugh and cry while admiring their favorite star.
		The Takarazuka Theater Company is reluctant to release much personal information regarding their stars but this much is known: Yûki Amami's real name is Yuri Nakano and she was born on August 8th in Taito-ku, Tokyo.
		All revues of the performances concurred that the girls were lyrical, charming and a delight to behold.
	www.dollsjapan.com /ayuki.htm (1371 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Takarazuka Revue
		The Revue had their first performance in 1914, and by 1924 the company had become popular and obtained their own theatre, the Dai Gekijō.
		The Takarazuka Revue inspired the plot of the original Sakura Wars video game, along with additional inpsiration from Takarazuka's one time Competitor the Shochiku Kagekidan(Shochiku Revue).
		Japanese tradition meets Western musicals — Article on the Takarazuka Revue from the Travel section of The Christian Science Monitor (April 20, 2005).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Takarazuka_Revue (1140 words)

	Takarazuka [electronic resource] :
		The all-female Takarazuka Revue is world-famous today for its rococo musical productions, including gender-bending love stories, torridly romantic liaisons in foreign settings, and fanatically devoted fans.
		Tracing the contradictory meanings of Takarazuka productions over time, with special attention to the World War II period, Robertson illuminates the intricate web of relationships among managers, directors, actors, fans, and social critics, whose clashes and compromises textured the theater and the wider society in colorful and complex ways.
		Using Takarazuka as a key to understanding the "logic" of everyday life in Japan and placing the Revue squarely in its own social, historical, and cultural context, she challenges both the stereotypes of "the Japanese" and the Eurocentric notions of gender performance and sexuality.
	ark.cdlib.org:8085 /data/mets/35/ft55800635.mets.xml (353 words)

	[No title]
		Their careers at the Revue can be short-lived, as they must quit if they marry, although some go on to lucrative television and film positions.
		The play was a turning point for Takarazuka Revue by bringing gender-bending roles to centre-stage, said Atsuro Kawauchi, a theatre critic and professor at Shukugawa Gakuin College.
		Takarazuka Revue, established by Ichizo Kobayashi, who was a founder of the Hankyu Corporation of railways, first performed in 1914.
	www.thenews.com.pk /print1.asp?id=10346 (707 words)

	H-Net Review: Jordan Sand on Takarazuka: Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		These are precisely the points where Robertson focuses her study: the hybridity of the revue and its relationship with its devoted fans.
		While the management has portrayed the revue as an ideal "family entertainment" as well as a finishing school in which the Takarasiennes--in male and female roles--learn to become good wives, many fans, Robertson demonstrates, have made it a vehicle for their erotic fantasies.
		The material she presents shows that revue directors were imperial enthusiasts, but not that the government made any effort to use the revue theater for purposes of mobilization.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=32161919113521 (1148 words)

	Takarazuka: Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The all-female Takarazuka Revue represents itself as quintessential Japanese traditional theater in which unmarried (and thus implicitly sexually inexperienced) young women perform for a young female audience.
		Kobayashi Ichizo (1873-1957), the politically well connected businessman who founded the revue in 1913, was a staunch supporter of the dominant ideal of heterosexual patriarchy.
		At the same time, however, the revue currently provides its female fans (many of them married) with a respite from their confinement to domestic roles.
	www.booksmatter.com /b0520211510.htm (216 words)

	The Manga Column: From the Stage to Shojo
		Still going strong, today the Takarazuka Music Academy, whose motto is “Be pure, be proper, be beautiful,” accepts young women in their late teens and features a demanding curriculum that includes classes in dance, acting, music, singing, history and etiquette.
		The Takarazuka Revue was the first Japanese troupe to perform the revue, a type of theatrical show featuring songs, skits, and dancing.
		The Takarazuka Revue began almost a century ago, and nobody could have predicted the profound effect a theatre established as a tourist attraction would have on manga, an art style and a phenomenon that wouldn’t be developed in a form familiar to us until the post-World War II years.
	www.tokyopop.com /297.html (1156 words)

	::::: Takarazuka City ::::: Hyogo International Tourism Guide --- Hyogo Prefecture ---
		The Takarazuka Garden Fields were opened in September 2003, on the site of the Takarazuka Family Land that closed in April.
		Opened in September 2000 as a facility to support the development of new industries, its theme is to propose a new urban lifestyle with flowers and greenery as well as communicate the history and culture of Takarazuka in connection with flowers and greenery.
		This is a very old hot spring resort located in the center of Takarazuka city, famous for the Takarazuka Revue performed only by women.
	www.hyogo-tourism.jp /english/takarazuka (1229 words)

	Takarazuka City Directory 2006 - Cultivating love and dreams - The Takarazuka Review, a world of pomp and splendor that ...
		It has large-scale sets that feature, among others, a grand staircase, a sinking stage, an elevated runway, and a silver bridge, as well as the leading actresses who shine on the stage with their gorgeous costumes.
		When talking about the Takarazuka Review, itsexcellence of the staff such as playwrights, stage directors, choreographers, costume designers and stage carpenters should not be forgotten.
		I see in Takarazuka town the students of the music/dancing academy, neatly-dressed in their uniforms and hats, as well as the actresses in their green ceremonial skirts, with orderly behavior.
	www.city.takarazuka.hyogo.jp /le_html/kouhou/sitefiles/en/03yume.html (375 words)

	KIPPO NEWS Wednesday, April 07, 2004
		Shinji Ueda, President of the Takarazuka Revue Company (Takarazuka City, Hyogo Prefecture) which this year celebrates the 90th anniversary of its founding, spoke under the theme of 'Ninety Years of Takarazuka and Its Road Toward Its 100th Year' at the luncheon meeting of the Kansai Press Club held in late March.
		Although Takarazuka revues were very popular immediately after World War II, the number of Takarazuka-viewers declined as the Japanese economy entered its high-growth period.
		However, Takarazuka managed to increase its fans by sticking to 'the shows that were true to the reputation of Takarazuka.' Since theater is a mirror that faithfully reflects the times, it is 'impossible to say what Takarazuka will be like when it reaches its 100th year,' Ueda said.
	www.kippo.or.jp /kansaiwindowhtml/news/2004-e/20040407_NEWS.HTML (1656 words)

	Starlight Pops, a shrine to the Sailor Starlights! Celebrating five years of good, clean, old-fashioned, gender-bending ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Takarazuka is the name of a musical revue company that originated in the city of Takarazuka.
		The Takarazuka Revue Company was born on the 1st of April, 1915 and since then, with a motto of "pure, right and beautiful," it has been producing splendid stage shows which are loved by many fans.
		Takarazuka is also famous for romantic dramas and tragedies, made all the more fascinating because women play both the male and female leads.
	www.kinmoku.net /pops/melody/materials.php (834 words)

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