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Topic: Talk:European languages

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To: All Msg #42, Feb1693 12:37PM Subject: My Update NostraticReferences List Here are some Newsgroups: sci.lang,sci.anthropology,sci.archaeology,talk.origins Here are some references on some interesting recent work on Indo-European, Nostratic, and related subjects: Indo-European: Scientific American, March 1990, Gamkrelidze and Ivanov, "The Early History of Indo-European Languages" [A departure from the Kurgan hypothesis; the IE homeland was in the Kura-Araxes area. Proposed members of Nostratic: Indo-European Kartvelian (S Caucasian) Afro-Asiatic Semitic Egyptian Berber Cushitic Chadic Uralic (with Yukaghir) Dravidian (with Elamite) Altaic Turkic Mongolian Manchu-Tungus Korean Ryukyu Japanese Chukchi-Kamchatkan Eskimo-Aleut Joseph Greenberg's Eurasiatic includes all of Nostratic except Kartvelian, Afro-Asiatic, and Dravidian, but includes: Ainu Gilyak a.k.a. Basque and a lot of European "substratum" vocabulary would appear to be Sino-Caucasian, and the estimated date of Sino-Caucasian's breakup is approximately that of the beginning of the European Neolithic dispersion. www.skepticfiles.org /evolut/language.htm   (599 words)

Southasia Talk The semitic languages of West Asia, the Indo-European languages, the Elamo-Dravidian languages, the Turkic languages all emerged from the same stock. We mainly speak two different languages in South Asia, the 'Aryan' (Indo-European) languages and the Dravidian languages. Dravidian languages were spoken in Mesopotamia in the kingdom of Elam. southasia.net /talk/messages/5/1717.html?1084966926   (6824 words)

Travel to Ukraine, Poland, Russia - Proslava Language Translator for Americans And you have absolutely no time, or desire to mess with those darned Eastern European, Slavic languages. Slovio - the oldest and most recognized of all planned Slavic languages. You feel it would be nice to know how to talk to locals out there. www.geocities.com /proslava   (491 words)

Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000 Other similarities may reflect universal or near-universal features of human language: in the languages of most countries where the bird is known, the cuckoo has a name derived from the noise it makes. The system of sounds in Proto-Indo-European was rich in stop consonants. Nouns had different endings for different cases, such as the subject and the direct object of the verb, the possessive, and many other functions, and for the different numbers, namely the singular, plural, and a special dual number for objects occurring in pairs. www.bartleby.com /61/8.html   (491 words)

Martindale's Language Center: Portuguese TALK PORTUGUESE - Birtish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), U.K. Multimedia First Year Conversational European & Brazilian Portuguese Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). European Portuguese Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). TALK PORTUGUESE - Birtish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), U.K. Multimedia Conversational European & Brazilian Portuguese Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). www.martindalecenter.com /Language_3_Portuguese.html   (1468 words)

Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000 The apparent haziness in meaning of a given Indo-European root often simply reflects the fact that with the passage of several thousand years the different words derived from this root in divergent languages have undergone semantic changes that are no longer recoverable in detail. For this reason it is customary to group such collections of derivatives, in a variety of Indo-European languages, under the root on which they are built. These terms are ultimately derived from the baby-talk syllables pa(pa) and ma(ma), but the kinship-term suffix - ter - shows that they had a sociological significance over and above this in the Indo-European family. www.bartleby.com /61/8.html   (1468 words)

European Union FAQs Sometimes there is also talk of treaty languages: these are said to be official languages in which only basic legal texts are translated, and not all official public documents with legal value. The EU being an association of member states, changes to the Treaties are negotiatied by representatives of the member state governments, and approved (and ratified) by all national parliaments, in some countries with the active involvement of the people at large through a referendum. However, there is no consensus on whether a Mr or Mrs CFSP should be appointed to give the policy an international personality, on the financing of initiatives taken by some, but not all, member states, and on the roles of the Commission and Parliament. ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/N_Prag/ra1eufaq.htm   (3201 words)

Southasia Talk We mainly speak two different languages in South Asia, the 'Aryan' (Indo-European) languages and the Dravidian languages. Dravidian languages were spoken in Mesopotamia in the kingdom of Elam. In both proposed models, all south Asians belong to one branch of the tree, that roughly correlated with the CAUCASOID of the older 'racial' model. southasia.net /talk/messages/5/1717.html?1084966926   (7165 words)

McGrawHill Dutch: Just Enough Dutch, Dutch, Phrase Books, Printed Matter It supports over 165 languages and has spell checkers available for most of European languages. Spoken Dutch (268 pages 5 cass) $90.00 Hippocrene Dutch/English/Ducth Concise Dictio $11.95 Talk Now SUPER BUNDLE -Dutch $109.00 Berlitz Dutch Cassette Pack $18.95 Hippocrene Dutch Handy Dictionary (120 pages) $8.95 Talk Now SUPER BUNDLE -Dutch $109.00 Dutch Word Translator $174.95 Berlitz Dutch Cassette Pack $18.95 www.worldlanguage.com /Products/101273.htm   (264 words)

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis It is illuminating to note how one poet felt about the translation of his poems from the original Spanish into other European languages (Whorf himself did not in fact regard European languages as significantly different from each other). The agreement is, of course, an implicit and unstated one, but its terms are absolutely obligatory; we cannot talk at all except by subscribing to the organization and classification of data which the agreement decrees. I should note that Whorf distanced himself from the behaviourist stance that thinking is entirely linguistic (Whorf 1956, p. www.aber.ac.uk /media/Documents/short/whorf.html   (264 words)

1000 Polish Proverbs, Polnisch, Literatur, Printed Matter It supports over 165 languages and has spell checkers available for most of European languages. Polish Windows ME $349.95 Talk Now SUPER BUNDLE -Polish $109.00 Harry Potter: Harry Potter i kamien filozofic $32.95 Hippocrene: Polish First Names $11.95 Polish Dictionary w/Speech $480.95 Plonacy Dom by Jay Ingram $14.95 Talk Now SUPER BUNDLE -Polish $109.00 www.worldlanguage.com /German/Products/8577.htm   (207 words)

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis It is illuminating to note how one poet felt about the translation of his poems from the original Spanish into other European languages (Whorf himself did not in fact regard European languages as significantly different from each other). The agreement is, of course, an implicit and unstated one, but its terms are absolutely obligatory; we cannot talk at all except by subscribing to the organization and classification of data which the agreement decrees. I should note that Whorf distanced himself from the behaviourist stance that thinking is entirely linguistic (Whorf 1956, p. www.aber.ac.uk /media/Documents/short/whorf.html   (1896 words)

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis It is illuminating to note how one poet felt about the translation of his poems from the original Spanish into other European languages (Whorf himself did not in fact regard European languages as significantly different from each other). The agreement is, of course, an implicit and unstated one, but its terms are absolutely obligatory; we cannot talk at all except by subscribing to the organization and classification of data which the agreement decrees. I should note that Whorf distanced himself from the behaviourist stance that thinking is entirely linguistic (Whorf 1956, p. www.aber.ac.uk /media/Documents/short/whorf.html   (1896 words)

Das Judenthum in der Musik : Wagner and anti-Semitism In the first place, then, the general circumstance that the Jew talk the modern European languages merely as learnt, and not as mother tongues, must necessarily debar him from all capability of therein expressing himself idiomatically, independently and conformably to his nature. Wagner held that Jews were unable to speak European languages: Richard Wagner settled in Zurich in 1849, and there wrote an anti-Semitic article, "Das Judenthum in der Musik" ("Judaism in Music"), which appeared in the Neue Zeitschrift over the pen-name "K. Freigedenk" ("free thought"). www.eurofreehost.com /wa/Wagner_and_anti-Semitism.html   (452 words)

Links for Portuguese Teachers - Vocabulary BBC Languages - Talk Portuguese - "A lively introduction to the language in ten short parts with slideshows and video clips set in Portugal and Brazil, useful phrases with sound and quizzes." Topics include: Brazilian Portuguese language - Chart illustrating the differences in spelling in Brazilian and European Portuguese. See also Logos Multilingual E-Translation Portal - Definitions, sound, word in context in authentic documents, translation into other languages. www.caslt.org /research/prtvocabulary.htm   (452 words)

The sci.lang FAQ: 9 - 14 Later the focus shifted to languages based on existing languages, with a polyglot (usually European) vocabulary and a simplified grammar, whose purpose was to facilitate international communication. The grammar of all languages, however, tends to be about equally complex-- although the complexity may be found in different places. The fact that babies learn to talk remarkably well from what seems to be inadequate exposure to language; it is claimed that babies acquire some rules of grammar that they could never have 'learned' from what is available to them, if the structure of language were not partly built-in. www.zompist.com /lang9.html   (2019 words)

English language : QuicklyFind Info English belongs to the western sub-branch of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of languages. English is also one of the primary languages of Belize (with Spanish), Canada (with French), Cameroon (with French and African languages), Dominica, St. However, the excessive use of Latinate words is often a sign of either pretentiousness (as in the stereotypical policeman's talk of "apprehending the suspect") or obfuscation (as in a military document which says "neutralize" when it means "kill"). www.quicklyfind.com /info/English_language.htm   (2019 words)

Talkin' About Talk Different as the Indo-European languages were from one another, they all preserved bits of ancient vocabulary and grammar. The Germanic family that English, German and several other languages belong to has a cousin, the Romance family, which includes not only French and Spanish but also several other languages that have Latin as their common ancestor. Language families, like families of people, can be connected into larger and larger groupings, spreading outward and backward in time, as your relatives do on a genealogy chart. www.cofc.edu /linguist/archives/2005/01/do_all_language.html   (805 words)

Treasury of Polish Love Poems, Quotations And Proverbs (128 pages), ÈæáäÏí, الشعر, Printed Matter It supports over 165 languages and has spell checkers available for most of European languages. Start typing the world's languages in minutes with exclusive UniKey technology Developed in part for the US Information Agency and used by Voice of America and Radio Free Asia Complete. If you don't have time to become fluent, but need the basics in a hurry, Talk Now! www.worldlanguage.com /Arabic/Products/38294.htm   (805 words)

Glossary and acronyms To consult the multilingual glossary about institutions, policies and enlargement of the European Union (11 languages) click here. The Information Society Directorate General of the European Commission is to launch several preparatory actions for a joint multi-annual follow-on activity to the INFO2000 and MLIS programmes. Information Society Technologies programme, a major theme of research and technological development within the European Union's Fifth RTD Framework Programme (1998-2002). europa.eu.int /ISPO/infocentre/glossary/i_glossary.html   (805 words)

Slovenian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia It is one of the few languages to have preserved the dual grammatical number from Proto-Indo-European. Slovenian or Slovene (Slovenian: slovenski jezik or slovenščina) is one of the Slavic languages. See How to Edit and Style and How-to for help, or this article's talk page. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slovene_language   (2298 words)

Martindale's Language Center: Portuguese TALK PORTUGUESE - Birtish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), U.K. Multimedia Conversational European & Brazilian Portuguese Teaching Modules (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). PORTUGUESE PRONUNCIATION - Linguatext, Ltd. Multimedia First Year European Portuguese Pronunciation Teaching Modules (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). Portuguese Word, Portuguese Text & Portuguese Website Translation & Other Languages (Text & Images). www.martindalecenter.com /Language_3_Portuguese.html   (1468 words)

My Own Thoughts » 2006 » January When comparing focal colours across languages, it turns out that although the variety in colour terms is huge, the variation follows a systematic pattern. In the traditional European rank society people generally spoke the dialect of their home area, and there was only minor variation between the ranks. If you want to give your characters a “foreign” feel to their language usage, here’s a schedule to explain how they would talk. www.myownthoughts.com /?m=20060102   (1246 words)

Reportaža! Year 1999: Promotion of activities in associations and communities, linking inside and outside Slovenia (European project of the house names in cooperation with Italy) and presentation in several languages on the map and on the internet (http://www.brezovica.si). With best regards to all with the wish that everybody would always be ready to talk with others, to better know each other, to cooperate and to build a safe future in our European family. In the Brezovica community we have tried throughout the years to create the possibilities (circumstances) for meeting of people and the exchanging of views among them. www.brezovica.si /reportaze/projekt/english.htm   (1246 words)

Irankicks Football Talk - English words with Persian origin.. Also the english words "brother", "daughter", "mother" and "father" do not come from Persian, we just share these ancient words among many Indo-European languages, including Persian, English, German, French, etc.... However the orginal Farsi language is one of the oldest languages that has existed and its no suprise many english words have the origin from it. It is also interesting to note that words such as mother(maternal), father(paternal), daughter, and brother come from the persian modar, pedar, dokhtar and baradar. www.irankicks.com /ikboard/showthread.php?t=25498   (2275 words)

Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000 These terms are ultimately derived from the baby-talk syllables pa(pa) and ma(ma), but the kinship-term suffix - ter - shows that they had a sociological significance over and above this in the Indo-European family. The metaphor in “drunk, intoxicated,” seems to have been created independently a number of times in the history of the Indo-European languages; Latin They are agreed in pointing to a society that was patriarchal, patrilocal (the bride leaving her household to join that of her husband’s family), and patrilineal (descent reckoned by the male line). www.bartleby.com /61/8.html   (2275 words)

Language Log: And now to revive Cornish? Talk of "the beginnings of official recognition from both the European Union (EU) and Whitehall" (the U.K. government), and a county council planning "to use Cornish ‘where practicable’," is simply nuts — a philological hobby out of control, and national governments gone mad. It would not be sensible for the EU to encourage the idea of adding it to the already frightening list of languages they have to arrange translation into and out of. Don't get me wrong: I don't want Cornish to be dead; I love languages, and I traveled on my own initiative to the Isle of Man when I was an undergraduate in 1968 so that I could go and see the last native speaker of Manx, Ned Maddrell, and record him telling a story. itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/001783.html   (897 words)

AEL (Association Electronique Libre) WikiWiki - EULaw Making Process The common position can only be legally "signed" when the "compromise text" of the council is translated to all official languages of the EU member states first because if these translations come into force as directive if this common position is not changed or rejected by the European Parliament. Co-decision procedure means that the EuropeanParliament decides together with the Council of the European Union. The decisions of the Council's are prepared by working groups which are put together by the member states and talk in secrecy. wiki.ael.be /index.php/EULawMakingProcess   (897 words)

Henry Bogdan - From Warsaw To Sofia The fate of the 450,000 Hungarians in the autonomous Vojvodina region of Yugoslavia may become a matter of controversy; Tito's constitution secured the right of all nationalities to use their languages and keep their cultures with autonomy, but the Serbian Republic wants to annex the small province where the Magyar live. Hungarian Prime Minister Grosz said in an interview with a western journalist that he wanted to talk with the Rumanian leader, warning against drawing conclusions about the future course of Hungarian-Rumanian relations. Protests were held against Ceausescu in other European countries, and the European Parliament called on the Rumanian leader to end his village destruction policy. www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/bogdan/bogdan34.htm   (4539 words)

chapa93339.txt In mathematics lessons children are appropriating a schema of meaning; a schema which grows from the semantic structure of Indo-European languages; a set of concepts which are the historical product of the Western form of life. My concern with this particular role of language comes from the view that teachers and learners use language to talk about mathematics, to talk mathematically, to 'do' mathematics; in sum, to enact the social processes that constitute school mathematics. Language can be considered the primary social or semiotic system in the sense that it is the most readily 'seen' and 'heard' in the classroom. www.aare.edu.au /93pap/chapa93339.txt   (4539 words)

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