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Topic: Tall buildings in London

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	London - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The name "London" refers to the large conurbation whose centre is the smaller City of London in the county of Middlesex, in England.
		The coordinates of the centre of London (traditionally considered to be Charing Cross, near Trafalgar Square) are approximately {{Coor dm NW513008}} The Romans marked the centre of Londinium with the London Stone in the City.
		London was one of the venues for the World Cup in 1966, and the European Football Championship in 1996, and hosted the final of both tournaments.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /london.htm (3537 words)

	Tall buildings in London
		London is a city with strict limits to building height.
		Permission to build skyscrapers in the centre of the city is granted on a case-by-case basis.
		For this reason, tall buildings in central London are notable landmarks.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/t/ta/tall_buildings_in_london.html (134 words)

	NYU in London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since an increase in London's population by 800,000 is expected by the year 2020, the mayor has suggested the construction of high-rise buildings as the method most likely to enable London to grow in a controlled and steady manner and maintain its status as a world city.
		For example, the organization English Heritage has stated that the tall buildings are a cultural issue and their role is first and foremost of image and aesthetics rather than economic, and that proposed towers such as the 43-story Heron building on Bishopsgate would block views of St. Paul's cathedral.
		Since the construction of tall buildings would be taking place within the city and near these major centers of public transportation, vast improvements in London's transport system would have to be made in order to accommodate the increase in the number of workers.
	www.nyu.edu /global/london/ac_essay_contcit_krauze.htm (1740 words)

	BT Tower - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The main structure is 175 metres (574 feet) tall, with a further section of aerial bringing the total height to 188 metres (620 feet).
		A suspected IRA bomb exploded in the roof of the men's toilets at the Top of the Tower on October 31, 1971 and it was subsequently closed to the public for security reasons.
		In 1981 it was superseded as the tallest building in Britain by the NatWest Tower (renamed Tower 42).
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Post_Office_Tower (631 words)

	Tall buildings in London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		London is a city with strict limits to building height and with protected views of certain buildings from particular locations (notably St Paul's).
		The lifting of the height restriction caused a sudden boom in the building of tall buildings during the 1960s.
		Tallest buildings in London as of November 2004.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/T/Tall-buildings-in-London.htm (238 words)

	Tall buildings in London - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		London is a city with limits to building height and with protected views of certain buildings from particular locations (notably St Paul's).
		Until the early 1960s buildings in London were restricted to 100 feet (30 metres) in height, although there were some exceptions to this rule.
		London's first skyscraper was the NatWest Tower, completed in 1980 and standing 183m tall.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tall_buildings_in_London (419 words)

	Tower 42 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tower 42 is the tallest building in the centre of London
		It is 600 ft (183 m) high, which made it the tallest building in Europe until the construction of 1 Canada Square in the Docklands in 1991.
		The building is constructed around a huge concrete core from which the floors are cantilevered, giving it great strength but significantly limiting the amount of office space available.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Tower_42 (384 words)

	Architronic v5n2.06a
		The form and character of the London skyline represents the outcome of a continuing struggle between a strict regulatory environment attempting to preserve the centrality of St. Paul's Cathedral and the historic monuments, and high land values and the demand for office space to maintain London's role as a world financial center.
		London's skyline is the result of these tensions, both in terms of what was built, as well as what was not built or what was scaled down.
		In addition to royal pique, the building exceeded the height of the city's fire-fighting equipment, and the rationale for the height limit was fire safety.
	architronic.saed.kent.edu /v5n2/v5n2.06a.html (734 words)

	Elsewhere: Tall Buildings Exhibition in 2004 at the Queens, New York facility of the Museum of Modern Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although some have maintained that the terrorist attacks have lessened the popularity, and safety, of tall buildings because of their high and prominent visibility, others have noted that many cities around the world have recently forged ahead with very major skyscrapers, many of which are very interesting and notable.
		As the heated initial debates on tall buildings subsided into more thoughtful and determined study, it became apparent that a reappraisal of tall buildings was not only appropriate and timelybut also a bit overdue.
		The building's central cavity, or 'window' opening, frames an adjacent 1,250,000-square-foot cultural center, which is also part of the project, as is the surrounding media park....The looping configuration...serves as a model for the mechanical systems.
	www.thecityreview.com /tall1.html (3094 words)

	House of Commons - Transport, Local Government and the Regions - Memoranda
		Until 1956 the London skyline was controlled by the London Building Acts of 1888 and 1894 which restricted building heights to the width of the street or to the height of a fireman's ladder (80') plus a two-storey roof with some concession for "architectural features".
		Although a small handful of tall buildings of this period are listed for their special architectural or historic interest, many of these, such as Centre Point, for instance, exhibit the common failing of disregard for context.
		Whether or not tall buildings are sustainable is not just a matter of their "green" credentials or energy efficiency, but how compatible they are with the historic environment and wider local context.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/cm200102/cmselect/cmtlgr/482/48232.htm (2699 words)

	London should grow up says new report on tall buildings
		The report calls for a new generation of tall buildings to be located in inner London near major transport hubs, which would help to unburden the chronically overloaded Tube and commuter networks.
		The authors also observe that tall buildings have suffered from the shadow cast over their reputation by the poorly designed tower blocks of the 1960s.
		London is alone among the cities studied in having a purely reactive policy, simply spelling out where tall buildings cannot be situated.
	www.lse.ac.uk /collections/pressAndInformationOffice/newsAndEvents/archives/2000-2002/Tall_Buildings.htm (925 words)

	New Start - Community Regeneration Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Many tall buildings were badly designed and ‘blight their surroundings’ with overshadowing, wind tunnels and large service bays, the committee added.
		The MPs attacked the notion that tall buildings were necessary to curb urban sprawl, claiming the same density could be achieved with medium or low rise buildings with a more efficient use of outside space.
		Calling the desire to build high ‘often more about power, prestige, status and aesthetics’ than regeneration, committee chair Andrew Bennett warned that a policy framework was needed to rein in growing support for tall buildings from prominent architects and politicians such as London mayor Ken Livingstone.
	www.newstartmag.co.uk /news389.html (342 words)

	Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		So this 93m tall building which has 12 floors gets one point, meanwhile your average skyscraper elsewhere at 93m will have twice as many floors at least and get 10 points.
		As the average floor to ceiling height for an office building in London is approaching 5m we end up with massively skewed statistics if looking at density.
		Older European cities are further discriminated against as many of their highrise buildings aren't counted because they aren't regular skyscrapers, presumably the likes of St Pauls Cathedral and the Effiel Tower are invisible to the skyline and make no visual impact on those cities skylines.
	www.skyscrapernews.com /editorial11.htm (555 words)

	[No title]
		London's newly self-declared doyen of architectural taste, more frequently known as Mayor Ken Livingstone, has already declared his love of tall buildings.
		There is a case for tall buildings within the existing clusters in the City and Docklands, but in the absence of any proper guidelines and policy, London will suffer severely.
		The greater attraction of London as a World City is that is has so many exceptionally pleasant and attractive residential areas, where people can live in tranquil surroundings, with their own gardens, hardly concious that they are in a busy city.
	www.savebritainsheritage.org /editorial03-01.htm (1188 words)

	London - Skyscrapers transforming City skyline - Wired New York Forum
		The prestige of a tall building in a prime location is not lost on companies seeking new homes, said Paul Finch, editorial director of the Architects' Journal and deputy chairman of the Commission for Architecture and Built Environment (Cabe).
		Nicholas Antram, the London region's assistant regional director, said: "It would have been a brave decision to reject it on heritage grounds in a location in need of regeneration and in an area where there are three existing tall buildings." English Heritage insists tall buildings have to be well-planned and of high architectural quality.
		The City of London, the so-called Square Mile east of St. Paul's Cathedral that serves as Europe's financial capital, is the focal point of new growth.
	www.wirednewyork.com /forum/showthread.php?t=4695 (3414 words)

	Hilton Paddington London -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The London Hilton on Park Lane is a hotel and skyscraper, overlooking Hyde Park in the exclusive Mayfair district of London.
		It is a concrete faced building, and it is regarded by some as an insensitive intrusion on the park.
		Paddington is an area in the west of London in the City of Westminster.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/74/hilton-paddington-london.html (655 words)

	Council Press Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		LONDON - The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat announces three more sponsors of the conference entitled 'Building for the 21 st Century' to be held in London between the 9 th and 11 th December 2001.
		.The international Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, headquartered at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsyvania, is pleased to announce the appointment of Dr. Muhammed Ridzuan Salleh as Director of the CTBUH beginning October 1, 1999.
		The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat is an international organization of architects, engineers, planners, developers, sociologists, and others involved in the field of tall buildings and their urban environment.
	www.ctbuh.org /publications_press.html (1944 words)

	London Report: Skyscrapers, Clustering 'Improve Sustainability' - Site Selection Online Insider
		Commissioned by the Corporation of London (www.cityoflondon.gov.uk), the study - titled "Tall Buildings and Sustainability" - was conducted by Faber Maunsell (www.fabermaunsell.com), one of the UK's largest engineering consultancies.
		The triangular building's "petal-and-stem" design is a key element in the facility's friendliness to both employees and the environment, the study contends.
		Building a 100-percent safe skyscraper, however, may well be unattainable, CTL Engineering Senior Vice President Gene Corley testified during the hearings.
	www.conway.com /ssinsider/snapshot/sf020429.htm (1143 words)

	House of Commons - Transport, Local Government and the Regions - Minutes of Evidence
		London Docklands was the largest area of dereliction and, indeed, of regeneration probably in the country.
		Now, the maximum height of building that is going to be permitted there is not on the scale of Canary Wharf but, by the standards of London and particularly the West End, there are going to be some so-called tall buildings there.
		I think you will find that the prevalent view amongst the property industry is that there is a proven economic need for tall buildings which is essential if the economy of this country is to continue to prosper, but that it should be subjected to a proper set of planning policies and regulations.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/cm200102/cmselect/cmtlgr/482-iii/2020502.htm (1124 words)

	Telegraph \| Arts
		The Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment, which generally supports London Bridge Tower, is never going to object to tall buildings on principle, however high they go, whatever their impact on the city.
		It is opposing London Bridge Tower because of the impact on the protected sightlines of St Paul's Cathedral from Kenwood and Parliament Hill.
		London Bridge Tower is a Trojan Horse, a skilful design by a great architect that could open the floodgates to a new generation of very tall skyscrapers, few of which are likely to be as elegant as Piano's scheme, if only because financial sense argues against it.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2003/04/14/bagw14.xml&sSheet=/arts/2003/04/14/ixtop.html (1122 words)

	British Council for Offices - General - Tall Buildings in London
		Large occupiers tell us that these buildings satisfy a vital business need because their spatial requirements for locating thousands of people in one building in London cannot be met by any other means.
		Large occupiers may not have a strategic goal of being based in a tall building, but see tall buildings as satisfying a business need because their spatial requirements for locating thousands of people in one building in London cannot be met by any other means.
		Big buildings, which may also be tall buildings, enable businesses to create strong corporate identities and cultures inside that space.
	www.propertymall.com /press/article/9098 (730 words)

	A push to make London stand tall - Deccan Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One recent afternoon, Ken Livingstone, mayor of London, stood at the window of his eighth-floor office in City Hall, gazing out at Tower Bridge, the City and the monoliths of Canary Wharf, and gave a stirring defence of multiculturalism.
		It is a glassy, vegetable-shaped bullet, rising 180 meters, or 590 feet, above the north bank of the Thames in the City, London’s financial district, and glinting in the sun.
		The new tall buildings have enraged Britain’s heritage lobby.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/mar132005/fp5.asp (732 words)

	Tall buildings in London -[ruv.net : Information Portal]-
		Tall buildings in London -[ruv.net : Information Portal]-
		Tower 42, formerly the NatWest Tower; tallest building in the City of London
		Interim strategic planning guidance on tall buildings, strategic views and the skyline in London (http://www.london.gov.uk/approot/mayor/planning/docs/tall_buildings.pdf)
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/ta/Tall_buildings_in_London.html (200 words)

	MORI - WHAT DOES 'HERITAGE' MEAN TO YOU?
		The poll was commissioned by English Heritage to bring hard evidence - and the public voice - to the current debate on proposals for very tall buildings in London.
		If developers continue to want to build tall they must justify their case with hard evidence.
		Last Tuesday, 12 June, English Heritage and CABE (Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment) jointly published Guidance on Tall Buildings, a set of rigorous guidelines for testing whether proposed tall buildings will truly enhance the quality of life for all who live in, work in or visit our cities.
	www.mori.com /polls/2001/heritage.shtml (528 words)

	Encyclopedia article on London [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		London — containing the City of London — is the capital of the United Kingdom and of England and a major "world city".
		For several centuries now, London has been one of the most influential powers in politics, finance, arts and fashion and it remains so today.
		The London public transport system is one of the few systems in the world to be a tourist attraction; its infrastructure, however has always been financially stretched and under-resourced, leading to difficulties and delays in making journeys.
	encyclozine.com /London (3256 words)

	Tall buildings conference in London
		Invensys is hosting an important conference on Building for the 21st Century, which is sponsored by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat in association with numerous other industry associations.
		Overall, tall buildings have excellent safety records and the task force is seeking to increase the level of safety in the built environment.
		The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat is an international organisation designed to assist everyone involved in the planning, design, construction and operation of tall buildings.
	www.industrialnetworking.co.uk /mag/v7-5/n2.htm (240 words)

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