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	NATURAL AREA WEEDS: Chinese Tallow (Sapium sebiferum L.)
		Chinese tallow is a deciduous tree with a milky sap that commonly grows to 30 ft tall.
		The first record of Chinese tallow introduction into the United States is found in a letter from Benjamin Franklin written in 1772 to Dr. Noble Wimberly Jones of the Georgia colony.
		Within Florida, Chinese tallow was naturalized in 57% of the counties in 1993 (Jubinsky and Anderson 1996) and found as far south as Dade County (Wunderlin et al.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /AG148 (1537 words)

	Tallow - LoveToKnow 1911
		The hardness of tallow and its melting-point are to some extent affected by the food, age, state of health, andc., of the animal yielding it, the firmest ox tallow being obtained in certain provinces of Russia, where for a great part of the year the oxen are fed on hay.
		New tallow melts at from 42.5° to 43° C., old tallow at 43.5 and the melted fat remains liquid till its temperature falls to 33° or 34° C. Tallow consists of a mixture of two-thirds of the solid fats palmitin and stearin, with one-third of the liquid fat olein.
		Sweet mutton tallow melts at 46° and solidifies at 36° C.; when old it does not melt under 4 9 °, and becomes solid on reaching 44° or 45° C. It is sparingly soluble in cold ether and in boiling alcohol.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Tallow (276 words)

	Tallow and Grease (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The average decline for all tallow and grease was 29 percent in value and 27 percent in volume.
		Though exports of inedible tallow and grease to Mexico increased, this was offset by a decline in sales of edible tallow, leaving total exports to this market flat.
		Total production of tallow and grease is estimated to have fallen by 35 percent as a result of cull schemes and regulations that require tallow that has come in contact with 'high risk' material (i.e., dirty' tallow) to be destroyed.
	www.fas.usda.gov /dlp2/circular/1997/97-03/tallow.htm (2495 words)

	tallow - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		tallow solid fat extracted from the tissues and fatty deposits of animals, especially from suet (the fat of cattle and sheep).
		Pure tallow is white, odorless and tasteless; it consists chiefly of triglycerides of stearic, palmitic, and oleic acids.
		Tallow prices drop on Asian woes but ban is Europe is set to end.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-tallow.html (516 words)

	Fast food changes hit fats market - domestic demands for vegetable oils used in fast food restaurants rising, use of ...
		Animal fats - edible tallow, lard, and butter - have had a prominent place in the American kitchen for centuries, and are likely to remain important ingredients in foods and cooking for years to come.
		Tallow also costs less per pound than vegetable oils and is generally considered more "durable" than vegetable cooking oils and shortenings.
		One avenue of adjustment for tallow is to divert more to the inedible market, where it is used as an ingredient in animal feeds, as an input for soap manufacture, and for other purposes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3778/is_1991_August/ai_12056287 (996 words)

	The Chinese Tallow Tree (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chinese Tallow Tree oil was used successfully as an emergency source of fuel for diesel equipment operated by Chinese and Allied forces during the Second World War, and its application as a renewable diesel and jet engine fuel has been further investigated more recently in Germany and the United States.
		Serious efforts by the USDA in the early part of the 20th Century demonstrated the adaptability and large oil yield of the tree in the U.S. However, traditional Chinese hand harvesting methods were not economical and the mechanical harvesting technology of that era was not capable of efficient recovery of the large potential oil resource.
		Chinese tallow has been cultivated in nurseries and sold as an ornamental tree used for landscaping; however, it is now classified as a nuisance species in some locations and can no longer be sold.
	www.alpharubicon.com /altenergy/chinesetallowtree.htm (722 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tallow and grease production for the year 2000 is forecast to decrease 10 percent to 3.56 million tons due to reduced cattle slaughter.
		Though U.S. exports of tallow and grease exports to EU may the reach 100,000 tons in 1999, this quantity pales in comparison to the 1995 level of 310,984 tons, the year prior to the BSE crisis.
		Tallow consumption is forecast to increase 1 percent in 2000 due mainly to increased demand from animal feed companies and vertically integrated swine and poultry operations.
	www.fas.usda.gov /dlp2/circular/1999/99-10LP/render.htm (2401 words)

	Tallow News
		For the purpose of the present opinion, tallow is defined as fats obtained by pressing or any extraction system down from ruminant tissues which are derived directly from discrete adipose tissue masses, from fat extracted from skeleton muscles, from mechanically recovered meat and from rendered animal waste, including bones.
		Specifications of tallow as a commodity are typically set for titre (solidification temperature), free fatty acid level, peroxide value, colour, moisture content, insoluble impurities, unsaponifiable matter, etc. In general, the freshness of the raw material, the origin and the nature of the tissues will determine the end quality of the tallow or animal fat.
		The tallow obtained from rendering a mixture of tissues and offals should be submitted to a process respecting conditions of 133C during 20 minutes at 3 bar, or an equivalent process with demonstrated efficacy in terms of inactivating TSE agents.
	www.mad-cow.org /~tom/tallow_docs.html (13091 words)

	USGS NWRC Fact Sheet 154-00: Chinese Tallow: Invading the Southeastern Coastal Plain
		Chinese tallow is an ornamental tree with colorful autumn foliage that can survive full sunlight and shade, flooding, drought, and in some cases fire.
		Chinese tallow, also called chicken tree and popcorn tree, is an aggressive, nonnative invader that reproduces quickly, creating a forest without native plant or animal species.
		Chinese tallow mapping was carried out when the leaves were turning red (shown here in yellow) and provided a high contrast with the native forest, prairie, and marsh vegetation.
	www.nwrc.usgs.gov /factshts/154-00/154-00.htm (1296 words)

	Tallow - definition from Biology-Online.org
		Tallow chandler, one whose occupation is to make, or to sell, tallow candles.
		Tallow chandlery, the trade of a tallow chandler; also, the place where his business is carried on.
		(Science: botany) Tallow tree, a tree (Stillingia sebifera) growing in china, the seeds of which are covered with a substance which resembles tallow and is applied to the same purposes.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Tallow (199 words)

	Forest service researchers test Chinese tallow tree for use in building materials
		One of the barriers to using Chinese tallow tree for composites has been the fear that by developing an industrial use for the plant we would be encouraging people to plant more of it, Groom continued.
		Chinese tallow tree tested up to standards for all three panel types, with the woods relatively low density and high compaction ratio adding to its potential.
		We have heard anecdotally that buyers prefer brightly colored panels, so the light color of Chinese tallow tree might also work to its advantage, said Groom, who emphasized that the studies were preliminary, and that more research is needed on the basic anatomical, chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of the species.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-07/srs--fsr072506.php (414 words)

	Tallow candles
		Tallow is sometimes melted in a vessel heated by a naked fire, which is very liable to injury it; it is much better to employ a vessel surrounded by steam: a little alum is put in with the tallow to harden it.
		If tallow is bad, a part soon becomes converted into acid by exposure to air; and this renders the w hole, when melted together, unfit for the making of candles.
		But old tallows may, in general, be sufficiently purified from their rancidity by melting them upon lime-water, and giving a considerable agitation to the whole mixture; when the water is again suffered to subside, it will be found to be offensive in smell, and to have subtracted most of the impurities of the tallow.
	www.regencylibrary.com /Tallow.htm (562 words)

	Tallow : An Outline History - Waterford County Museum
		Very little is known about the history of Tallow, probably because of its situation, and the poverty of its early inhabitants attracted none of the warriors of the past, from whose exploits and daring deeds, history is made.
		Tallow was given a Charter in 1614 by James 1st, and a corporation was set up, to consist of Sovereign, Free Burgesses and the Commonality of the Borough of Tallow with a recorder and other offices.
		In 1839 Lewis recorded: The parish of Tallow comprises 4,745 statute acres, about 400 are pasture, 100 mountainous, and in cultivation and the remainder under tillage: the soil is fertile and the system of agriculture improved.
	www.waterfordcountymuseum.org /exhibit/web/Display/article/171 (874 words)

	Tallow - Definition and Characteristics
		Tallow is obtained from suet and used in making soap, candles and lubricants.
		Tallow is a mixture of animal fat refined for use in candles.
		Tallow is the white (nearly tasteless) solid rendered fat of cattle and sheep used for making candles, soap, and pet foods.
	www.soaperschoice.com /soapoils/tallow.html (112 words)

	CRB Fundamentals (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1991, per capita use of tallow was 3.9 pounds while in 2000 it was 5.8 pounds.
		Tallow prices rallied to 23.08 cents/pound in December 2003, producing an average price for the year of 18.30 cents/pound.
		US exports of inedible tallow and grease in 2003 were 330 million pounds, down from 384 million pounds in 2002.
	www.crbtrader.com /fund/articles/tallow.asp (486 words)

	Texas Toxic Plants
		Chinese tallow is a fast-growing weedy tree with milky sap.
		Chinese tallow was introduced from Asia and is planted widely as an ornamental.
		Severe populations of Chinese tallow may be controlled with broadcast applications of Grazon P+D® (2.5 pounds a.i./acre) or Tordon 22K® (0.5 pound a.i./acre) in the spring or fall.
	texnat.tamu.edu /cmplants/toxic/plants/chinesetallow.html (386 words)

	Tallow (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These increases in tallow and grease are attributed to record slaughter weights for cattle and an increase in the number of hogs slaughtered.
		In 1997, U.S. exports of inedible tallow were negatively affected by the BSE crisis in the EU as well as the substitution of palm stearin for tallow.
		Exports of inedible tallow were rejuvenated in the first eight months of 1998, increasing 40 percent over the same period last year.
	permanent.access.gpo.gov /lps1797/tallow.htm (937 words)

	U of A Cooperative Extension Service - Ask Janet Carson Archives - Trees - Chinese Tallow (Popcorn Tree)
		A redbud tree has a definite heart shaped leaf, while the tallow tree leaf is not cut in at attachment, having a more pointed shape at both ends, almost, but not quite a diamond in shape.
		Tallow trees are usually not as noxious a weed in Arkansas as they can be further south.
		Chinese Tallow trees (Sapium sebiferum) get the common name 'popcorn' tree because of the white seeds that form at the end of the season.
	www.arhomeandgarden.org /_archive/askjanet/trees/chinese_tallow_tree.htm (514 words)

	Sapium sebiferum -- Non-Native Invasive Plants in the United States
		Chinese tallow has become naturalized in the southern coastal plain from South Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas.
		Chinese tallow is a popular ornamental because of its fast growth and attractive foliage which becomes yellow to red in the fall and is resistant to pests.
		New growth on Chinese tallow begins as early as February and flowering lasts from March through May. Fruit ripens from August to November.
	aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu /sapium.html (599 words)

	Tallow
		The grocery store is a great source to find beef suet for tallow.
		If all this seems too much...you can buy rendered tallow from food supply companies.
		Refridgerate or freeze until you are ready to make a batch of basic soap.
	www.eaudrey.com /tallow.htm (179 words)

	Rendering Tallow \| Teach Soap Tutorials
		Rendering tallow is often looked at by new soapmakers as a daunting task.
		Put the tallow in a roaster and turn oven on at 200 F degrees...
		Length of time to cool in fridge will depend on your quantity of tallow, typically 2-5 hours are required.
	www.teachsoap.com /tallow.html (286 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Tallow
		Dermestidae(skin beetles, hide beetles, tallow beetles, museum beetles; class Insecta, order Coleoptera) Family of fl or brown, small beetles, often with a pattern of fine hairs or scales, in which the pronotum is strongly narrowed toward the head, and the antennae are clubbed.
		a cylinder or block of wax or tallow with a central wick that is lit to produce light as it burns.
		Cocoa butter from the cocoa bean, used in chocolate ; Borneo tallow or green butter from the Malaysian and Indonesian plant Shorea stenopiera resembles cocoa butter; shea butter from...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Tallow&StartAt=11 (723 words)

	Modesto Says "Shut Down Tallow!" : Indybay
		Dead animals are often left to rot in the Tallow yard, and in the last week, animal parts and guts were dropped in front of the nearby school, and Tallow refused to clean up the mess.
		It is hard to imagine that the Tallow Plant could be in operation in an area next to a school that is in a more weathly and white area, or in a part of town that is not poor and unrepresented.
		The fact that the Tallow Plant has been open for almost 90 years, and has been next to the Shackelford Elementary School since 1948, and not changed it's ways or shut down and moved, shows that the plant is more concered with profit than the people that live in the community around it.
	www.indybay.org /newsitems/2005/09/12/17666701.php (957 words)

	The Town of Tallow
		Tallow is located approximately 5 miles from Lismore, 12 miles from Youghal and 15 miles from Midleton.
		The parish hall and St Patrick's Hall are located in Convent St and a plaque on the wall commemorates the birth in Tallow of sculptor John Hogan.
		Tallow also has 2 churches', a disused Church of Ireland Church and the well-kept Catholic Church in Chapel Street.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /m.emery1/page2.html (482 words)

	Tallow Soap Experiment
		Tallow soap, as you may know, is made from, among other things, rendered animal fat.
		Jeff noticed that their maille pot scrubber seemed immune to rust, and thought it might be attributed to the tallow soap.
		This seemed promising, as it confirmed that the tallow soap had left a sort of waxy coating on the maille, causing the water to bead up.
	www.forth-armoury.com /research/tallow/soap_experiment.htm (564 words)

	ATSDR - Health Consultation - Redmond Tallow Company, Redmond, Deschutes County, Oregon
		As further investigation into the causes and the extent of the contamination are ongoing, ODHS has made interim recommendations to personnel on the site to avoid using the drinking water system unless and until the source of nitrate has been found and eliminated, and the groundwater nitrate levels have returned to background levels.
		Redmond Tallow is a family owned and operated animal carcass rendering plant located on rural land in Central Oregon approximately three miles northeast of the city of Redmond, in Deschutes County.
		Oregon Department of Environmental Quality has ordered the owner/operator of Redmond Tallow to retain a private consulting firm to further evaluate and determine the extent of groundwater contamination at the site, and to propose remediation for any conditions found to be hazardous or unlawful [35].
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /HAC/PHA/redmondtallow/red_p1.html (1511 words)

	Culinart, Inc. - Bulk Tallow Products
		Modern tallow is also suitable for any tallow project that involves carving with tools and sharp knives to produce a finished sculpture.
		Modern tallow is available in white, butter, cheddar or chocolate.
		An extremely firm tallow that cannot be softened by hand and requires great effort to carve on any large scale.
	www.culinart.net /tallow.html (241 words)

	Chinese Tallow-Tree - Champion Trees - Monroe County
		The Chinese Tallow -Tree [Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.] is an oriental ornamental that is cultivated and used in landscaping as a specimen tree, or as screening plants especially when brilliant fall colors are desirable.
		The genus name, Sapium, was given by Pliny to a resinous pine, and the species name, sebiferum, refers to the vegetable tallow, or wax of the fruit, which gives rise to another vernacular name, Vegetable Tallow-tree.
		The milky sap of the tree is poisonous, but the tree is cultivated in China for the wax of the seed covering which is used for soap, candles, and water-proofing for cloth.
	www.uaex.edu /monroe/forestry/champion_trees/Chinese_Tallow_Tree.htm (468 words)

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