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Topic: Tamasheq languages

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Tamasheq

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	From Asia to Timbuktu” - Bird Flu Materials for Mali
		Field personnel working with local language teams have translated the SIL Bird Flu educational preventative materials for 10 languages in Mali.
		The booklet was translated into Bambara and French (the languages of wider communication).
		In additon, the poster texts were translated and approved in French and in four national languages - Bambara, Fulfulde, Soninké and Songhai.
	www.sil.org /literacy/snapshots/snap_mali.htm (350 words)

	Berber languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Etymologically, it means "language of the free" or "of the noblemen." Traditionally, the term "tamazight" (in various forms: "thamazighth", "tamasheq", "tamajeq", "tamahaq") was used by many Berber groups to refer to the language they spoke, including the Middle Atlas, the Rif, Sened in Tunisia, and the Tuareg.
		The Berber languages have two cases of the noun, organized ergatively: one is unmarked, while the other serves for the subject of a transitive verb and the object of a preposition, among other contexts.
		Subclassification of the Berber languages is made difficult by their mutual closeness; Maarten Kossmann (1999) describes it as two dialect continua, Northern Berber and Tuareg, and a few peripheral languages, spoken in isolated pockets largely surrounded by Arabic, that fall outside these continua, namely Zenaga and the Libyan and Egyptian varieties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Berber_languages (2052 words)

	Encyclopedia: Berber languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tashelhit is an Afro-Asiatic language of the Berber subgroup; it is spoken in Morocco and Algeria.
		Tamajaq is the Tuareg language of Niger, belonging to southern Berber, spoken by the Kel Tamajaq or Imuhagh, Tuareg.
		Tachelhit is an Afro-Asiatic language of the Berber subgroup; it is spoken in Morocco and Algeria.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Berber-languages (4455 words)

	Tuareg languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tuareg languages have very heavily influenced Northern Songhay languages such as Tasawaq, whose speakers are culturally Tuareg but speak Songhay varieties; this influence includes points of phonology and sometimes grammar as well as extensive loanwords.
		Tamahaq - Language of the Kel Ahaggar, spoken in Algeria and in the north of Niger by approximately 57 000 people.
		Tamasheq - Language of the Kel Adrar (also known as Adagh or Ifoghas), spoken in Mali by approximately 270 000 people.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tamasheq_languages (705 words)

	Station Information - Berber languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Berber languages are mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria.
		Among the Berber languages are Rif-Berber or Riffi (Northern Morocco), Kabyl (Algeria) and Tamazight, spoken by the Imazighen (lit.
		Tamazight was an oral language only, until the end of the 20th century, when a written alphabet was construed.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/b/be/berber_languages.html (72 words)

	[No title]
		Among the Berber languages are Tarifit or Riffi (northern Morocco), Kabyle (Algeria) and Tachelhit (central Morocco).
		Etymologically, it means "language of the free" or "of the noblemen." Traditionally, the term "tamazight" (in various forms: "thamazighth", "tamasheq", "tamajeq", "tamahaq") was used by many Berber groups to refer to the language they spoke, including the Middle Atlas, the Rif,
		Tamasheq, but does not provide a population figure for it.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Berber_languages (1744 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Berber languages
		Nonetheless, it is used in Western languages by many Berber writers, such as the Kabyle Professor Salem Chaker of INALCO in Paris.
		The term Tamazight is often substituted, particularly to refer to Northern Berber languages; in Western languages, this term can also (somewhat misleadingly) be used specifically to refer to the language of the Middle Atlas mountains in Morocco, closely related to Tachelhit.
		The Berber languages have two cases of the noun, organized ergatively: one is unmarked, while the other serves for the subject of a transitive verb and the object of a preposition.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Berber_languages (1893 words)

	Afroasiatic languages. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		According to one theory, the languages of the Afroasiatic family are thought to have first been spoken along the shores of the Red Sea.
		The writings in Ugaritic are important in the study of the Hebrew language and biblical literature of the early period.
		The Omotic languages were formerly classified with the Cushitic and are spoken by perhaps 3 million people who live in SW Ethiopia in the Omo River region.
	www.bartleby.com /65/af/Afroasia.html (2033 words)

	Berber languages -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A trend was noted for Berber groups surrounded by Arabic (as in (A city in northern Algeria at the foot of the Atlas Mountains southwest of Algiers) Blida) to adopt Arabic, while Arabic speakers surrounded by Berber (as in Sikh ou Meddour near Tizi-Ouzou) tended to adopt Berber.
		The Berber languages have two (A portable container for carrying several objects) cases of the (A word that can be used to refer to a person or place or thing) noun, organized ergatively: one is unmarked, while the other serves for the subject of a transitive verb and the object of a preposition.
		They also have two (A grammatical category in inflected languages governing the agreement between nouns and pronouns and adjectives; in some languages it is quite arbitrary but in Indo-European languages it is usually based on sex or animateness) genders, masculine (unmarked) and feminine (marked with reflexes of the prefix t-).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Be/Berber_languages.htm (2242 words)

	Tamasheq languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tamasheq is a language or family of closely related languages spoken by the Tuareg.
		They are quite mutually comprehensible, and are commonly regarded as a single language (as for instance by Karl Prasse); they are distinguished mainly by a few sound shifts (notably affecting the pronunciation of original z.)
		These languages are spoken in parts of Mali, Niger and Algeria.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/t/ta/tamasheq_languages.html (73 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tamasheq is the language spoken by the Tamasheq people, descendants of Berber traders and warriors who traversed the Sahara and settled along the routes and the lands beyond, and the fl African peoples enslaved by these raiding warriors.
		The language therefore closely resembles the Berber languages of the Maghreb instead of the neighbouring sub-Saharan African languages.
		Among the Berber languages Tamasheq represents presumably the language still the least influenced by contact with Arabic or other languages, although most of the Tamasheq people today are at least bilingual.
	www.koeppe.de /katalogE/3-89645-380-7.html (320 words)

	Tuareg article - Tuareg African ethnic group nation Tamust Libyan Fezzan Targa Bedouin - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Tuareg speak Tamajaq, a Berber language or set of languages with significant variations among the different regions.
		The language is called Tamasheq by western Tuareg, Mail, Tamahaq among Algerian and Libyan Tuareg and Tamajaq in Azawagh and Ayr regions, Niger.
		At least some sources argue that the Tuareg are defined by language, not ethnicity, and that predominantly Middle Eastern and/or Black African Tamasheq speakers qualify as "Tuareg" (and, presumably, by implication, individuals of Tuareg descent but who have assimilated into various countries and do not speak Tamasheq languages do not).
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Tuareg (1181 words)

	All words on Berber languages
		Afro-Asiatic - Berber ---- The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria.
		However, other terms were used by other groups; for instance, many parts of western Algeria called their language "taznatit" or Zenati, while the Kabyles called theirs "thaqvaylith", the inhabitants of Siwa "tasiwit", and the Zenaga "Tuddhungiya"http://www.rosettaproject.org/live/search/showpages?ethnocode=ZEN&doctype=detail&version=0&scale=six.
		ar:الأمازيغية de:Berbersprachen fr:Berbère ja:ベルベル語 nl:tamazight Category:Maghreb Category:Berber languages Category:Languages of Algeria Category:Languages of Morocco
	www.allwords.org /be/berber-languages.html (2070 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nonetheless, it is used in Western languages by many Berber writers, such as the Kabyle Professor Salem Chaker of INALCO (http://www.inalco.fr/) in Paris.
		Among the Berber languages are Tarifit or Riffi (northern Morocco),...
		Afroasiatic languages -andgt; The Berber Languages on Encyclopedia.com 2002
	berber_languages.iqexpand.com (2130 words)

	Berber languages: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Berber languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Berber languages in the Maghreb[?] have officially been subjected to Arab, as part of government policy and was mainly spoken at home and in villages.
		However, with a growing tribe-awareness and desire for (at least cultural) independence (especially among the Kabyl people), the mother tongue[?] has become more important and efforts are made to make for instance formal education bi-lingual.
		In this sense, Berber languages have become political tools to support the struggle for (more) independence.
	www.encyclopedian.com /be/Berber-language.html (172 words)

	What are the Berber Languages?
		When attempting to understand the Berber languages, it may be helpful to first understand the people by whom these languages are spoken.
		The Berber languages belong to the Afro-Asiatic language family and are widely known as Tamazight.
		Due to a large nomadic population of Berbers, and to the absence of language data in the censuses recorded by many of the aforementioned countries, the exact population of Berber speakers can only be estimated at roughly 15 to 25 million.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-are-the-berber-languages.htm (399 words)

	Writing Berber Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is attested from innumerable tombstones and a few Numidian governmental inscriptions (mainly in Dougga, then called tbgg, in Tunisia, as with the famous bilingual), from the Canary Islands all the way to Libya, although the letter forms varied to some extent across this vast range, falling into two main groups, eastern and western.
		After a hiatus in records during the Vandal and Byzantine periods, Berber languages in the North began to be written again as early as 1200 years ago, when the anti-Caliphal Ibadhite sect of Islam established a state in the central Maghreb; a lost work by al-Wighwi (d.
		Looking at the situation, one might have speculated that a Berber literary renaissance was about to emerge; instead, perhaps due to the turmoil coming from the Spanish to the north and the Banu Hilal to the east, the early medieval tradition virtually disappeared, although it left its traces in the later Tachelhit literature.
	www.geocities.com /lameens/tifinagh (3683 words)

	Balancing Act News Update - African internet developments
		This is especially the case for languages like Swahili, Somali, and many in Southern Africa that use only ASCII characters (i.e., no accents).Even languages such as Sango that use several accented characters common to major European languages can be readily used in word-processing and on the web (see for example http://sango.free.fr/).
		For African languages with their own script, such as the Ge’ez used in Ethiopian and Eritrean languages or Tifinagh used in Tamasheq and Berber, special coding is necessary.
		In any event, unlike the case for languages using extended Latin alphabets, there are no shortcut solutions &SHY; either you have the full orthography in text (or image file), or you substitute a transcription or transliteration in Latin characters.
	www.balancingact-africa.com /news/back/balancing-act_69.html (1466 words)

	African Languages by Countries :: Official and national Languages of Africa
		Native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population.
		Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread).
		Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/african_languages.htm (594 words)

	Tamasheq — (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is an international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a worldwide virtual library of language resources.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
		Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible.
	www.rosettaproject.org /archive/taq (198 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:taq
		Language of instruction at primary level in some experimental schools.
		The government is actively promoting the language through adult literacy classes.
		Wolthuis, Wilma M. Tamasheq prepositions: a semantic analysis of Tamasheq prepositions.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=taq (94 words)

	Articles - Tuareg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The language is called Tamasheq by western Tuareg in Mali, Tamahaq among Algerian and Libyan Tuareg, and Tamajaq in the Azawagh and AÃ¯r regions, Niger.
		The Tuareg are a Berber group, and are closely related to both Northwest African Berbers and West Africans, in terms of culture and race.
		At least some sources argue that the Tuareg are defined by language, not by race, and that predominantly Middle Eastern and/or Black African Tamasheq speakers qualify as "Tuareg" (and, presumably, by implication, individuals of Tuareg descent but who have assimilated into various countries and do not speak Tamasheq languages do not).
	www.fanice.com /articles/Tuareg (1745 words)

	Translations of the Tower of Babel
		The tale of the Tower of Babel, from Genesis 11: 1-9, is an "explanation" of why there are so many different languages.
		Having a single text in a variety of languages is a good way to see similarities and differences between those languages.
		The Tower of Babel did in fact exist: it was a seven-stage ziggurat (stepped pyramid) with a temple to the god Marduk at the top.
	www.omniglot.com /babel (161 words)

	Tamasheq languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Afro-Asiatic - Berber - TamasheqThe Tamasheq languages are a family of languages:Tamasheq languagesNorthern TamasheqTamahaq[?]Southern TamasheqTamasheq[?]Tayart Tamajeq[?]Tawallammat Tamajeq[?]These languages are spoken in parts of Mali, Niger and Algeria.
		All is still licensed under the GNU FDL.
		And as Dick looked at the kindly face, seamed and of time, now half hidden in a halo of smoke, he felt his heart warm had left his Ohio home to battle with life alone in that strange.
	www.termsdefined.net /ta/tamasheq-languages.html (290 words)

	North African Language Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For the other major first language, Tamazight (Berber), there is a fair amount on the Net.
		Unfortunately, most of it is complaining about the suppression of the language, which isn't very helpful to people who actually want to learn it.
		Andalusi Arabic was spoken by refugees from Spain
	www.geocities.com /lameens/darja/links.html (768 words)

	ipedia.com: Berber languages Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Afro-Asiatic - Berber The Berber languages are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria.
		[1] It is not clear, however, whether he means "speakers of Berber languages" or "people of Berber descent".
		In 1980, Salem Chaker estimated that "in Algeria, 3,650,000, or one out of five Algerians, speak a Berber language" (Chaker 1984, pp.
	www.ipedia.com /berber_languages.html (1850 words)

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