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Topic: Tamoxifen

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Pharmacology

	High Dose Tamoxifen For Brain Tumors
		Although tamoxifen has been found to be effective in decreasing brain tumor proliferation, whether this is mediated via the ER remains controversial, despite evidence of such mechanisms with a glioblastoma cell line (43) and in meningiomas (25).
		One study on the action of tamoxifen on PKC activity in glioblastoma tissue found the inhibitory effect arrested the cell in the G (1) phase of the cell cycle.
		Tamoxifen is generally considered to be of low toxicity (14, 82) but some workers have expressed doubts as to whether tamoxifen may be carcinogenic (4, 75).
	www.virtualtrials.com /Tamoxifen2.cfm (2209 words)

	Tamoxifen : Cancerbackup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sometimes tamoxifen is used before surgery, to shrink a large breast cancer so that a lumpectomy (removal of the lump) is possible, rather than a mastectomy (removal of the whole breast).
		Tamoxifen is also sometimes used to control or shrink a cancer that has come back after initial treatment or cannot be removed when it is first diagnosed.
		Tamoxifen is usually prescribed as a single daily dose and this should be taken at the same time each day: the actual time does not matter.
	www.cancerbacup.org.uk /info/tamoxifen.htm (2226 words)

	Le Magazine, May 1999 - Cover Story: Tamoxifen - Cancer Causing Drug Approved For Healthy Women
		When the advisory committee recommending approval was asked whether the tamoxifen prevention study demonstrated that the drug had "a favorable benefit-risk ratio for the prevention of breast cancer in women at increased risk as defined by the study population," it said "no" unanimously.
		Tamoxifen is a synthetic estrogen blocker-one of many that have been around since the early '70s that once had potential as birth control pills.
		Tamoxifen was originally considered as a birth control pill because it interferes with the ability of the uterus to sustain a pregnancy.
	www.lef.org /magazine/mag99/may99-cover.html (4086 words)

	Tamoxifen
		Tamoxifen is the most commonly used medicine for the treatment of breast cancer.
		Tamoxifen slows or stops the growth of cancer cells that are already present in the body.
		Tamoxifen is used to treat breast pain (mastalgia) because it reduces estrogen levels that cause breast swelling.
	www.webmd.com /hw/breast_cancer/tv5307.asp (631 words)

	Tamoxifen
		—Lisa Weissmann, M.D. Tamoxifen is the oldest of all the SERMs.
		Tamoxifen is also used for post-menopausal women, but it is not quite as effective for them as the aromatase inhibitors.
		One study found that radiation plus tamoxifen was much better than tamoxifen alone at reducing the risk of breast cancer coming back after a lumpectomy in women with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer.
	www.breastcancer.org /tre_sys_tamox_idx.html (1236 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Tamoxifen (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Tamoxifen (ta-MOX-i-fen) is a medicine that blocks the effects of the estrogen hormone in the body.
		Tamoxifen also may be used to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer in women who have a high risk of developing breast cancer.
		Tamoxifen should not be used to reduce the risk of breast cancer if you are pregnant of if you intend to become pregnant.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202545.html (1833 words)

	Tamoxifen Information on Healthline
		Tamoxifen is used as adjuvant hormonal therapy immediately after surgery in early stages of breast cancer and in advanced metastatic breast cancer (stages III and above) in women and men.
		Although researchers are unclear of the precise mechanism by which tamoxifen kills breast cancer cells, it is known to compete with estrogen by binding to estrogen receptors on the membrane of target cells, thus limiting the effects of estrogen on breast tissue.
		Tamoxifen may also be involved in other anti-tumor activities affecting oncogene expression, promotion of apoptosis (cancer cell death) and growth factor secretion.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/tamoxifen-1 (1021 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Tamoxifen
		Tamoxifen may cause cancer of the uterus (womb), strokes, and blood clots in the lungs.
		Tamoxifen is also sometimes used to treat McCune-Albright syndrome (a condition that may cause bone disease, early sexual development, and dark colored spots on the skin in children).
		Tamoxifen may increase the risk that you will develop cataracts (clouding of the lens in the eye) that may need to be treated with surgery.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682414.html (1312 words)

	Tamoxifen - Questions Answered
		Tamoxifen (trade name Nolvadex-R) is a drug in pill form, taken orally, that interferes with the activity of estrogen (a female hormone).
		Tamoxifen is now being studied to determine its usefulness in the prevention of breast cancer as well as in the treatment of melanoma and certain other types of cancer.
		This means that women who take tamoxifen may share many of the beneficial effects of menopausal estrogen replacement therapy, such as a lowering of blood cholesterol and a slowing of bone loss (osteoporosis).
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/breast_cancer/20225 (393 words)

	Lancaster General Hospital - About Tamoxifen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Tamoxifen is taken by mouth in tablet form and is usually prescribed as a single daily dose.
		Research has shown that when tamoxifen is used as adjuvant therapy for early stage breast cancer, it not only prevents the recurrence of the original cancer but also prevents the development of new cancers in the opposite breast, in many cases.
		Some physicians and researchers caution, however, that tamoxifen therapy may not be appropriate for all women who are at increased risk for breast cancer.
	www.lha.org /content/greystone_20485.asp (542 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Medical notes \| Tamoxifen
		Tamoxifen, known in the trade as Nolvadex, is usually prescribed by specialists in breast cancer and is taken in pill form.
		Tamoxifen was first used to fight breast cancer at the Christie Hospital in Manchester, England, in 1969.
		Although Tamoxifen is an oestrogen inhibitor in breast tissue, it does behave as a weak oestrogen in other parts of the body.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/medical_notes/84281.stm (584 words)

	Imaginis - Coping With the Side Effects of Tamoxifen
		Tamoxifen is also FDA approved to help prevent breast cancer in women at high risk of the disease.
		Tamoxifen is an "anti-estrogen" and works by competing with estrogen to bind to estrogen receptors in breast cancer cells.
		It is difficult to determine whether weight gain is caused by tamoxifen or by other factors, such as prior cancer treatment (especially certain chemotherapy regimens), changes in physical activity, changes in eating habits due to the stress of coping with breast cancer, etc. A few women who take tamoxifen experience weight loss.
	www.imaginis.com /breasthealth/side_effects.asp (1065 words)

	[No title]
		Tamoxifen Citrate Tablets, a nonsterodial antiestrogen, are for oral administration and contain 15.2 mg of Tamoxifen Citrate (equivalent to 10 mg of tamoxifen).
		C tamoxifen have shown that approximately 65% of the administered dose was excreted from the body over a period of 2 weeks with fecal excretion as the primary route of elimination.
		Tablets containing tamoxifen as the citrate in an amount equivalent to 10 mg of tamoxifen (round, biconvex, uncoated, white tablet identified with "446" on one side and "barr" debossed on the other side) are supplied in bottles of 60 tablets and 250 tablets.
	www.druginfonet.com /tamoxfen.htm (4224 words)

	Tamoxifen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tamoxifen is an oral selective estrogen receptor modulator which is used in breast cancer treatment, and is currently the world's largest selling breast cancer treatment.
		Tamoxifen is sometimes used to treat gynecomastia in men.
		Tamoxifen is also used by bodybuilders in a steroid cycle to try and prevent or reduce drug-induced gynecomastia caused by steroids that are used in the same cycle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tamoxifen (536 words)

	Tamoxifen: Harvard Public Health Review: A Prescription for Prevention: Tamoxifen
		Tamoxifen, the breast cancer drug, may very well mark the beginning of a new era of "chemoprevention" in public health.
		This large-scale test of tamoxifen involved 13,388 high-risk women aged 35 and up and concluded that the incidence of invasive breast cancer was reduced by about half in those taking the drug: 44 percent for women aged 35—49, 51 percent for women aged 50—59, and 55 percent for women 60 and older.
		On the downside, taking tamoxifen also increased the risk of potentially fatal blood clots and endometrial cancer (cancer of the lining of the uterus), particularly in older women, who developed these conditions at three to four times the rate, respectively, of those in the placebo group.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /review/summer_tamoxifen.shtml (3037 words)

	Beware! Tamoxifen
		Tamoxifen is now the number one recommended drug treatment for women recovering from breast cancer.
		It is with great alarm that researchers are finding that some breast cancers actually learn how to use tamoxifen to stimulate their growth.
		The higher the dose of tamoxifen, and the longer it is taken, the greater the risk of changes.
	www.innerself.com /Health/tamoxifen.htm (925 words)

	Tamoxifen Information from Drugs.com
		Before using tamoxifen, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have liver disease, high triglycerides (fatty acids) in your blood, a history of cataract, or a history of stroke or blood clot.
		Taking tamoxifen may increase your risk of uterine cancer, stroke, or a blood clot in the lung, which can be fatal.
		Tamoxifen is used to treat and prevent some types of breast cancer.
	www.drugs.com /tamoxifen.html (1476 words)

	ACS :: Hormone Therapy
		Tamoxifen is also used to treat metastatic breast cancer and to prevent the development of breast cancer in a woman at high risk.
		Tamoxifen can also increase the risk of uterine sarcoma, a rare cancer of the connective tissue of the uterus.
		Clinical trials have been performed comparing tamoxifen with one of the aromatase inhibitors "head to head" for a total of 5 years, and as an additional treatment after 2 to 6 years of tamoxifen.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_Hormone_Therapy_5.asp (920 words)

	Q&A about Tamoxifen , The Cancer Information Network
		Tamoxifen is a medication in pill form that interferes with the activity of estrogen (a female hormone).
		The decision to take tamoxifen is an individual one in which the woman and her doctor must carefully consider the benefits and risks of therapy.
		Tamoxifen does not cause a woman to begin menopause, although it can cause some symptoms that are similar to those that may occur during menopause.
	www.cancerlinksusa.com /breast/tamoxifen.asp (1856 words)

	Howstuffworks "Tamoxifen: A Profile of a Breast Cancer Drug"
		Tamoxifen is used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
		Tamoxifen can be taken either on an empty stomach or with food or a glass of milk, unless your doctor directs you to do otherwise.
		It is extremely important to take tamoxifen in spite of any nausea or vomiting that you may experience.
	health.howstuffworks.com /define-tamoxifen.htm (755 words)

	Tamoxifen - A Major Medical Mistake?
		Therefore, while tamoxifen is anti-estrogenic to the breast, it also acts as an estrogen to the uterus and, to a lesser extent, the heart, blood vessels and bone.
		Tamoxifen is now recommended for all pre-menopausal women with hormone-positive cancers, as well as for most postmenopausal women with breast cancer and/or a growing number of women with hormone-negative cancers.
		Tamoxifen is toxic to the liver, and there have been reports of acute hepatitis in patients treated with tamoxifen.
	www.all-natural.com /tamox.html (4615 words)

	tamoxifen - Cancer information on MedicineNet.com
		The precise mechanism of its action is unknown, but one possible mechanism is that it binds and blocks estrogen receptors on the surface of cells, preventing estrogens from binding and activating the cell.
		Tamoxifen also is used for the treatment of women following surgery and radiation for a less common type of breast cancer called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS or intraductal carcinoma).
		Women who have had ductal carcinoma in situ are at high risk for developing invasive breast cancer at a later date, and tamoxifen prevents development of the invasive cancer in almost half of the women during the first five years of treatment.
	www.medicinenet.com /tamoxifen/article.htm (411 words)

	Tamoxifen
		Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is a drug in pill form, taken orally, that interferes with the activity of estrogen (a female hormone).
		Tamoxifen has been used to treat both advanced and early stage breast cancer.
		For several years Tamoxifen has also been studied to determine whether it is useful in the treatment of other types of cancer, such as melanoma, endometrial (uterine) cancer, and certain leukemias.
	www.umm.edu /breast/tamox.htm (435 words)

	Breast Cancer Drug Tamoxifen Helps Heart
		Tamoxifen may also be prescribed to prevent breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease.
		Tamoxifen has been found to lower total cholesterol and "bad" LDL levels and other heart disease risk factors, say Bradbury and colleagues.
		Current use of tamoxifen was associated with a 60% decreased risk of heart disease.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/100/105822.htm (469 words)

	Clinical Trial of Tamoxifen - The ALS Association
		Tamoxifen has been used as a treatment for breast cancer and has proven to increase survival in a mouse model of ALS.
		Interest in Tamoxifen began when clinicians at the University of Wisconsin-Madison noted that an ALS patient receiving Tamoxifen for breast cancer had an unusually mild form of ALS.
		Treatment of the mice with Tamoxifen delayed onset of symptoms until 36 days, and mice became moribund at 48 days post viral infection.
	www.alsa.org /patient/drug.cfm?id=671 (271 words)

	\|\| DukeMedNews \|\| Tamoxifen Acts Quickly to Prevent Damaged Breast Cells from Turning Cancerous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Tamoxifen is currently the front-line drug to prevent breast cancer, but millions of women do not take it because of its potential to cause hot flashes, mood swings, sleep changes, blood clots and stroke, said Victoria Seewaldt, M.D., lead author of a tamoxifen study published in the November 18, 2004, issue of the journal Oncogene.
		Tamoxifen's side effects are thought to be caused when genes in the nucleus are activated, so using drugs that target only the fast-acting pathway could eliminate unwanted side effects, she said.
		Until now, scientists have believed that tamoxifen entered cells only in one way: by slowly leaking through a breast cell's outer membrane, idling in the cell until tamoxifen encounters an estrogen receptor in the nucleus, binding to it, and activating genes to cause cell-suicide.
	www.dukemednews.org /news/article.php?id=8276 (925 words)

	Tamoxifen
		Since I have been on the tamoxifen, I have continued to have hot flashes and night sweats, the hot flashes have decreased to about 1-2 times a day, but the night sweats have not decreased.
		If you are taking tamoxifen solely for prevention (and you have never had cancer), it may be worth a discussion.
		Knowing that the Tamoxifen is helping is all that is important to me. My oncologist also stated that being on the Tamoxifen for two and half years has already benefitted me more so then not taking it.
	www.medhelp.org /forums/BreastCancer/messages/3162.html (1748 words)

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