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Topic: Tanaghrisson

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	Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
		Tanaghrisson makes his first documented appearance (as Tanareeco) as one of six signers of a 1747 letter, in Croghan’s handwriting, reporting a treaty between the pro-British Mingos and Shawnees and the “Inomey Nation” (Miamis).
		At this meeting Tanaghrisson and his associates, as “new beginners” in council matters, requested a supply of wampum which was one of the essential evidences of the validity of an Indian treaty.
		Tanaghrisson was the spokesman at a conference held at Logstown by Croghan in May 1751, and at another in June 1752, when Virginia sought ratification of a land cession.
	www.biographi.ca /EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=35796 (1098 words)

	The Half King. Who is he?
		Tanaghrisson stepped into American history in 1748, when the Iroquois League designated him leader of the Senecas and Delawares who had migrated to the upper Ohio valley.
		Thus Tanaghrisson allied himself with traders from Virginia, but he could not stop the French from building a line of forts from Lake Erie down to the Forks of the Ohio.
		Tanaghrisson alerted Washington to the presence of a French party, guided him to their camp, and encouraged him to make a surprise attack.
	www.thehalfking.com /halfking.htm (336 words)

	Muzzle Blasts Online,Vol. 5, No. 2; A High Wind Rising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Tanaghrisson led the provincials to the Frenchmen's enclave, and while Captain Stephen took the left of the ravine (Jumonville's Glen), Washington posted his troops on the exposed right, as Tanaghrisson and his Mingos worked themselves around to the rear.
		The first stated that the objective of the detachment was to warn Englishmen peaceably away from the country; the second declared Jumonville's obligation to scout the area and send back to the fort any intelligence the party gathered.
		Tanaghrisson and Scarouady, the Mingo headmen at Loggs Town, traveled to George Croghan's station at Aughwick, and there they made their town.
	www.muzzleblasts.com /vol5no2/articles/mbo52-4.html (4071 words)

	Clash of the Empires (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Tanaghrisson met Washington at night and encouraged him to attack the French at dawn.
		While Washington and his men approached from one direction, Tanaghrisson and a small group of warriors crept toward the campsite from another.
		Before surrender was declared, Tanaghrisson struck the ambassador dead with a tomahawk to the head.
	www.neh.fed.us /news/humanities/2005-05/clash.html (1679 words)

	Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
		In 1753 he was one of the delegation that confronted Paul Marin de La Malgue at Fort de la Rivière au Buf (Waterford, Pa.) with a protest against the French military advance toward the Ohio.
		He was accompanied by Tanaghrisson and a French party under Michel Maray* de La Chauvignerie.
		After Tanaghrisson’s death in October 1754, Scarroyady had succeeded him as “half king” or spokesman for the Iroquois of the Ohio; but Scarroyady’s absences in New York left the leadership unsettled, and in January 1756 Kaghswaghtaniunt and another Seneca, the White Mingo, were reported to be at odds about the succession to Tanaghrisson.
	www.biographi.ca /EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=35548 (563 words)

	Why 1754
		Another thing the French and Indian war taught us is that behind every act of terror, from frontier massacres to World Wars I and II, and from Bin Laden to Hussein, one common enabler has stood behind these people and these acts since 1754...the French.
		The quote in the header is that of Washington's Indian ally Tanaghrisson after he encountered the French garrison on that fateful morning.
		Tanaghrisson, called the "Half King" by the English who regarded him as an ally, described the tracks he had seen nearby.
	www.1754blog.com /why (1141 words)

	SparkNotes: The French and Indian War (1754-1763): Early Battles and Fort Necessity
		Because of the powerful presence of the French, who had completed their string of forts along the Allegheny, Washington was unsuccessful in is attempt to build a fort near Pittsburgh.
		Tanaghrisson showed Washington how to surprise the French; in the ensuing attack the French commander Jumonville was killed.
		That the French would retaliate was obvious, and Washington's men retreated to Great Meadows, PA, where, against the advice of their Indian guides, they hastily threw up a stockade, nicknamed Necessity.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/american/frenchindian/section1.html (768 words)

	Just Down the River Road: Tu n’es pas encore mort, mon pere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Tanaghrisson, “Half-King,” an Indian warrior led George Washington’s Virginians to Joseph Coulon de Villiers de Jumonville’s camp.
		Once the French surrendered, Tanaghrisson and his warriors killed the wounded and scalped then stripped the corpses.
		Tanaghrisson killed Jumonville with a hatchet to the skull and removed his brain, uttering “Tu n’es pas encore mort, mon pere… though art not yet dead my father.”
	wabashayankee.blogspot.com /2005/05/tu-nes-pas-encore-mort-mon-pere.html (158 words)

	WORLD WAR Ø
		Tanaghrisson, chief of the Senecas and Half King of the Six Iroquois Nations, feared that he would lose leadership of the tribes west of the Alleghenies if the French settled the Ohio Valley.
		Tanaghrisson's scheme was to force the French to declare war on the American colonies; then Britain would retaliate to protect its Anglo-American subjects.
		After a brief skirmish between the French and the Virginians, Tanaghrisson and his warriors massacred and scalped the wounded French and Canadian soldiers who had surrendered.
	www.t-bag.org /t-ology/ww0.html (1128 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Shingas
		The Iroquois at this time claimed sovereignty over the Delawares, a dubious claim that British officials recognized in order to strengthen ties with the Iroquois — usually at the expense of the Delawares.
		In an attempt to assert control over the western Delawares, the Iroquois leader Tanaghrisson (the "Half-King"), dubbed Shingas the "king" of the Delawares in an important treaty conference at Logstown in May of 1752.
		British officials approved this "coronation," but would come to regret it, as Shingas proved just as difficult to control as his brother.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Shingas (967 words)

	Canadian Journal of History: Seven Years' War: A provincial's view, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		I first noted the consequences of my choice of scale when the characters began to exert an unexpected influence over the story, and the manuscript began swelling to an alarming size.
		It only really began to move along with the next year's encounter between Washington and Tanaghrisson's force and that of the unfortunate Ensign Jumonville -- and then there seemed to be no stopping it.
		Curiously, Washington's centrality to the story dawned on me only as I was assembling materials on the Forbes expedition in preparation for writing a chapter on the diplomatic and military developments of 1758.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_200012/ai_n8920038 (1060 words)

	Conrad Weiser Homestead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Covenant Chain was acceded to, if with little enthusiasm, by the Lenape, the Shawnee and also the Miami or Twightwee people, a large tribe concentrated in the eastern portion of present-day Ohio.
		Weiser presented himself to Tanaghrisson, a Seneca chief who served as the Six Nations' tribune for the region, who lived in the Indian town of Logstown (present-day Ambridge, northwest of Pittsburgh, in Beaver County).
		Shikellamy had died the year before, and the new tribune had been sent west to follow the migration of Indian population.
	www.phmc.state.pa.us /ppet/weiserhome/page6.asp (672 words)

	Fort Necessity-French and Indian War Education Program
		Probably born into the Catawba nation, Tanaghrisson (tan-ah-GRIS -suhn) was only a child when the French and their American Indian allies took him captive.
		Tanaghrisson said the French boiled and ate his father.
		Tanaghrisson was chosen to be the Iroquois to represent and lead the American Indians in the Ohio River Valley.
	www.nps.gov /fone/classroom/fiwar/biography_5th.htm (9423 words)

	Looking back 250 years at Fort Necessity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		He and Tanaghrisson, another "Half King" who ruled in the name of the Iroquois, both ignored the wishes of their Iroquois masters in efforts to keep French and British forts out of the Ohio Valley.
		Ultimately throwing his support behind the British, Tanaghrisson played a major role in launching the French and Indian War, Dixon said.
		While Tanaghrisson abandoned Washington at Fort Necessity, Dixon said it was probable that he or other Ohio Valley Indians also saved the 22-year-old Virginian and his troops from being massacred there.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/04185/341131.stm (739 words)

	Sample text for Library of Congress control number 2002016258
		The Indian "Half King" Tanaghrisson was born into the South Carolina tribe before its undoing.
		When young, he was captured and adopted into the marauding Seneca tribe of western New York, and eventually became an agent of the Iroquois confederacy in the Pennsylvania-Ohio backcountry, helping to maintain a delicate balance between interior peoples and colonial governments.
		In 1754, Tanaghrisson accompanied twenty-two-year-old George Washington on the Virginian's first (and rather catastrophic) military expedition.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/samples/random043/2002016258.html (2104 words)

	Where & When - Feature Story
		Washington enlisted the expertise of Christopher Gist, a land scout and experienced frontiersman from Maryland.
		Along the way Washington learned that the French had taken control of the land at the forks and were already in the process of building Fort Dusquesne.
		On May 28, 1754, Washington and Tanaghrisson's forces ambushed the French, killing their leader Jumonville and many others.
	www.engleonline.com /AdDesk/Htmlfiles/Advertisers/WhereWhen/WWMainStory.htm (3687 words)

	Random House Academic Resources \| Crucible of War by Fred Anderson
		Relating the history of the war as it developed, Anderson shows how the complex array of forces brought into conflict helped both to create Britain?s empire and to sow the seeds of its eventual dissolution.
		Beginning with a skirmish in the Pennsylvania backcountry involving an inexperienced George Washington, the Iroquois chief Tanaghrisson, and the ill-fated French emissary Jumonville, Anderson reveals a chain of events that would lead to world conflagration.
		Weaving together the military, economic, and political motives of the participants with unforgettable portraits of Washington, William Pitt, Montcalm, and many others, Anderson brings a fresh perspective to one of America's most important wars, demonstrating how the forces unleashed there would irrevocably change the politics of empire in North America.
	www.randomhouse.com /acmart/catalog/display.pperl?0375706364 (178 words)

	Telling history - PittsburghLIVE.com
		A 26-foot-long, 200-pound canoe built for the display by hand by a family of craftsmen in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
		He talks about how people such as Tanaghrisson often acted in a diplomatic sense between belligerent European powers.
		After the British defeated the French, "they no longer were able to play off the powers against each other" and had to deal with one nation trying to gobble up land.
	www.pittsburghlive.com /x/tribune-review/entertainment/s_327890.html (1158 words)

	Logstown 1753
		On his trip to the Ohio River country in the winter of 1753-54 to deliver a letter demanding the French leave British claimed territory, George Washington made a visit to Logstown, an important Native Amercian town on the Ohio River below the Forks.
		Here he met the Half-King, Tanaghrisson, and assured him of British friendship and willingness to help oust the French from the Ohio region.
		He also got a party of Indians to act as guides on the trip.
	www.fortedwards.org /f-i-war/events/Logstown/logstown.htm (636 words)

	Common-place: Narrative Syle and Indian Actors in the Seven Years' War
		Yet while Indian communities are clearly essential to this story, prominent individual Indians are comparatively few in number; in part, it seems, for want of sources.
		The event in question was a skirmish between a French party and a small Virginian force, led by George Washington and guided by a party of Iroquois warriors.
		The section helps us understand Washington's character, Tanaghrisson's motivations, and the trouble with source material in a way that a strictly chronological narrative could not.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/cp/vol-01/no-01/crucible/crucible-delay.shtml (1587 words)

	Re: A Hodge-Podge of Thoughts, Facts, and Ideas ...
		Quite coincidentally, I was in the library a few days later researching an unrelated matter, and came across Fred Anderson's "The Crucible of War".
		I was rather astonished at the account of Jumonville in the prologue of the book, in which the "half-king" Tanaghrisson "washed his hands in Jumonville's brain", and left Washington looking like a babe in the woods, not unlike our Duncan, at the mercy of Iroquois politics.
		: I was rather astonished at the account of Jumonville in the prologue of the book, in which the "half-king" Tanaghrisson "washed his hands in Jumonville's brain", and left Washington looking like a babe in the woods, not unlike our Duncan, at the mercy of Iroquois politics.
	www.mohicanpress.com /wwwboard/messages15/8205.html (780 words)

	Why the French and Indian War matters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In May 1754, Washington, heading up a mixed force of militia and Indian allies, came across French soldiers camped in a Fayette County glen.
		Historians still argue over who fired first, but that brief conflict ended with a Seneca Indian chief named Tanaghrisson, one of Washington's allies, killing and scalping a young French officer, the Ensign Jumonville.
		When word of his half brother's death reached Capt. Louis Coulon de Villiers at Fort Duquesne, built earlier that year at Pittsburgh's Point, he led 600 French soldiers and 100 Native Americans to the Great Meadows in Fayette County, where his troops forced Washington's surrender at Fort Necessity.
	www.postgazette.com /pg/05114/492211.stm (593 words)

	Common-place: Roundtable Disscussion of The Crucible of War
		Now, looking back, it's interesting to think about the specifics of its shortcomings, and to speculate on their significance.
		I found it harder to perform the necessary imaginative exercise of placing myself in the Indians' world; indeed, it was all but impossible for me, for example, to imagine the mental state of Tanaghrisson at the moment he plunged his hands into Ensign Jumonville's brain.
		In contrast, while I found it difficult to put myself in the position of George Washington as he witnessed the act, it was quite possible for me to imagine his desperation as he tried to explain what happened without making himself look like an incompetent, or an accessory to murder.
	www.common-place.org /vol-01/no-01/crucible/crucible-response.shtml (1885 words)

	Prelude to the French and Indian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		As the British seemed to be gaining the upper hand in the region, the French realized the situation was getting critical.
		In the spring the British called a conference with native tribes at Logstown, the town of the Half-King, Tanaghrisson, the Iroquois representative.
		Here they gained the Indians’ approval to build a stronghouse at the Forks of the Ohio (present Pittsburgh) in order to supply the locals with high quality British goods and to keep the French out of the region.
	www.fortedwards.org /cwffa/f-i-series/part1.htm (1849 words)

	The French and Indian War reloaded (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The French officer died two months earlier, when Washington's troops ambushed French soldiers at a Fayette County glen in May 1754.
		Jumonville's actual killer was a Seneca Indian chief named Tanaghrisson, but Washington's unwitting, written admission gave the French -- who controlled much of North America as well as Pittsburgh's Fort Duquesne -- enough ammunition to start the French and Indian War.
		For the first time in 250 years, that water-stained surrender document will go on display beginning next Sunday in an exhibition called "Clash of Empires" at the Senator John Heinz Pittsburgh Regional History Center.
	www.postgazette.com /pg/05114/492214.stm (964 words)

	Splitters vs. Lumpers or How I Learned to Love the History Police \| Eric Stange \| February 2005 OAH ...
		So for a delicious few minutes I relished setting up the scene.
		After all, the historian in question, Scott Stephenson, had been instrumental in helping me understand the significance of this event: the wounded Jumonville sits forlornly on the ground, the Delaware leader Tanaghrisson approaches from behind, brings his tomahawk down to smash the victim's skull, and then washes his hands in Scott's--I mean Jumonville's--brains.
		As it turned out, Scott Stephenson makes a very convincing Jumonville, the assassination plays well, and if anyone has quibbles with the way we represent it, well, no one can complain that a historian was not on set.
	www.oah.org /pubs/nl/2005feb/stange.html (1691 words)

	Unit 3- Fort Necessity - French & Indian War Education Program
		Use the American Indian and French biography cards to make additional character comparison charts.
		For instance a "Tanaghrisson and Me" or a "Jumonville and Me."
		If George Washington were alive today, some people think he would have his own action figure.
	www.nps.gov /fone/classroom/fiwar/unit3.htm (195 words)

	METIS CULTURE 1751-1753
		The British government had given permission to the governor of the Virginia Colony to use force against the French.
		George Washington, Tanaghrisson and two other chiefs arrived at Ohio from the New England Colony of Virginia, December 11, to counter the French move.
		Paul Marin de la Malgue (Marque) (1692-1753) had established Fort Presque Isle (Lake Erie) Fort Le Bouse (Waterford, Pennsylvania) and drove a force of 1,600 to secure the Ohio Valley and lost 800 men to death or illness.
	www3.telus.net /public/dgarneau/metis15.htm (7132 words)

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