Tanganyika African National Union

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	5. Tanzania. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Tanganyika became independent, with TANU (Tanganyika African National Union) as the ruling party and Julius Nyerere as prime minister.
		Tanganyika became a republic, and Nyerere was elected president.
		Following a revolution on Zanzibar, Tanganyika and Zanzibar united as the United Republic of Tanzania, with Nyerere as president and Abeid Karume of Zanzibar as vice president.
	www.bartleby.com /67/4426.html (288 words)

	Julius Nyerere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He believed that Africans were already, recently, socialists, all that they needed to do was return to their traditional mode of life and they would recapture it.
		Born in Tanganyika to a local Zanaki chief called Mzee Burito, Nyerere was known by the Swahili name Mwalimu or 'teacher' because of his profession before becoming active in politics.
		When Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the new state of Tanzania, Nyerere was elected as the first President.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Julius_Nyerere (498 words)

	Tanzanian political flags
		On 26 April 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar united as the United Republic of Tanzania with Julius Nyerere as President and the head of state with Karume as his Vice President, who also retained at the same time the Presidency of Zanzibar.
		Abedi Amani Karume was declared the first African President of the Peoples' Republic of Zanzibar and the country became a one-party state under the Afro-Shirazi Party.
		TANU was formed in 1954 with Julius Nyerere as its leader.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/tz}.html (640 words)

	Nyerere, Julius Kambarage
		When in 1958 the British colonial government announced open elections for the Tanganyika Legislative Council, Nyerere protested electoral rules that reserved two-thirds of the seats for Europeans and Asians, restricted African voter registration, and effectively excluded TANU candidates from being elected to the Council.
		Nyerere was born in Butiama, Tanganyika (present-day Tanzania), the son of a minor chief of the Zanaki, one of the smallest ethnic groups in Tanzania.
		By 1957 TANU was the single largest organization in the country, and Nyerere had become the voice of Tanganyika's independence movement.
	archive.blackvoices.com /research/encarta/tt_1024.asp (1001 words)

	Daily Nation On the Web
		Tanganyika (and later Tanzania) became one of the few African countries to use an indigenous language in Parliament as well as use it also has the primary language of national business.
		The movement had a three-prong strategy - to pressure the British government, to pressure the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations and to rally general African and international support for Tanganyika's independence.
		Linked to Nyerere's nationalism from quite early was his Pan-Africanism, a commitment to the pursuit of African unity and the adoption of the principle of African solidarity whenever possible.
	www.nationaudio.com /News/DailyNation/171099/Comment/News_Analysis8.html (1560 words)

	Julius Kambarage Nyerere
		As his interest in politics grew, Nyere renewed his ties with the Tanganyika African Association and was elected its president in 1953.
		Although Tanganyika appears to have attained a high degree of political stability, the new nation continued to be faced with many problems, notably with regard to economic development, education, medical services, and the shortage of qualified civil servants.
		The Governor of Tanganyika, Sir Edward Twining, appointed Nyerere in 1954 to a contemporary seat on the Tanganyika legislative council.
	www.nathanielturner.com /juliuskambaragenyerere.htm (3276 words)

	Afro-Shirazi Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		ASP joined with the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) to form Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) after the union between Zanzibar and Tanganyika in 1964.
		The Afro-Shirazi Party is a union between the mostly Persian Shiraz Party and the mostly African Afro Party in the Island of Zanzibar.
		This article about an African political party is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afro-Shirazi_Party (101 words)

	Tanganyika (1961-1964), Tanzania
		The flag of Tanganyika was based on that of the ruling Tanganyika African National Union, which was a horizontal tricolour of green-black-red.
		In October, 1960 to Tanganyika it has been given internal self-goverment, in the council of Ministers, headed by the British governor, have been included 4 europeans, 7 africans and 1 representative of the asian minority.
		Tanganyika gained self-government from Britain (technically under a League of Nations Trustee mandate) on 1 May 1961 and became independent on 9 December 1961.
	flagspot.net /flags/tz-tng.html (635 words)

	Commanding Heights : Tanzania on PBS
		He becomes president of TAA in 1953 and forms the multiracial Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) in 1954.
		TANU centralizes control of the commanding heights by nationalizing banks, major agricultural processing centers, primary industries, and export-trading companies.
		Kawawa fills his cabinet with TANU loyalists, enacts broad "Africanization" policies throughout the civil service, and centralizes the administration.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/tz/tz_full.html (1131 words)

	Tanzania History & Tanzania Culture iExplore
		Tanganyika became independent within the Commonwealth in 1961, after a period of self-government during which the principal nationalist party, the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), emerged as the dominant political force.
		The present country came into being with the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964.
		In the late-19th century, along with Rwanda and Burundi, Tanganyika was absorbed into the colony of German East Africa, as a consequence of a deal between the British and Germans – one process in the European colonial carve-up of Africa.
	tanzania.iexplore.com /dmap/Tanzania/History (1307 words)

	OSS Workshop Ethiopia - Shivji (B): Chapter 1 a
		The pre-existing national assembly of 71 elected (and ten nominated) members of parliament all of the elected members being members of the nationalist party the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) passed a law giving itself powers to convert the national assembly into a constituent assembly with powers to adopt a new constitution.
		In the case of Tanganyika the legislature was the erstwhile independence national assembly (an exclusive TANU body) and in the case of Zanzibar it was the self-appointed Revolutionary Council.
		The Constitution of Tanganyika modified in accordance with the articles so as to provide for the union was to be the interim constitution of the union until such time as a permanent constitution would be adopted.
	www.mekonginfo.org /mrc/html/oss/sh21a.htm (3408 words)

	Democracy Factfile - Tanzania - SD - SARDC
		The Tanganyika African Association (TAA) was formed in 1929 as the country's earliest organised political protest movement.
		TANU won Tanganyika's first general election in September 1958 which elected Nyerere as a Member of Parliament.
		It sought greater African participation in government where Africans were discriminated against in favor of whites for appointments to senior posts.
	www.sardc.net /sd/sd_factfile_tanzania.htm (2535 words)

	RELIGION, NATIONALISM AND POPULAR POLITICS IN COLONIAL AND POSTCOLONIAL TANZANIA
		Africanist political anthropology was initially hampered from studying national cultures by the focus on micropolitics that it had inherited from the late colonial period (Fortes and Evans-Pritchard 1940; Richards 1960); later, this focus helped anthropology to contribute to the study of ethnic divisions and "local-level politics" (Cohen and Middleton 1970; Swartz 1968).
		This is the result of the fact that nationalism was usually studied in close relationship to colonial and postcolonial projects of nation-building that centred on the state, and defined nationalism as a failure when it did not successfully achieve political integration at the level of the state.
		Present-day African political discussion has tended towards the themes of "weakening" and "bypassing" the state, but recent political events have shown that it is impossible to do without the state even when processes of nation-building did not conform to the expectations of the 1960s.
	www2.fmg.uva.nl /gm/research/wotropp.htm (3960 words)

	Tanzania
		The Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), founded prior to independence and led by Julius Nyerere, and the Afro-Shirazi party of Zanzibar merged into one revolutionary party, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) in 1977.
		It incorporates mainland Tanganyika and the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba as well as half of Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika and Mount Kilimanjaro.
		Formerly a German colony, then a League of Nations mandate and United Nations Trust Territory administered by the United Kingdom, Tanganyika gained independence in 1961.
	www.geocities.com /moshiclub2001/tanzania.html (1166 words)

	A short history of Tanzania
		The rebellion, which temporarily unite a number of southern tribes and end only after an estimated 120,000 Africans have died from fighting or starvation, can be considered to be one of the first stirrings of nationalism.
		Tanganyika merges in 1964 with Zanzibar into the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, later that year renamed into the United Republic of Tanzania.
		Nyerere is elected president of the Republic of Tanganyika.
	www.electionworld.org /history/tanzania.htm (526 words)

	International Simón Bolívar Prize: Prizewinners
		On completing his studies in Edinburgh, he returned to Tanganyika in 1952, where he gave up his primary school teaching post to devote himself to politics in the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) and thus champion the cause of emancipation.
		In 1964, he was the architect of the union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar, from which Tanzania subsequently emerged.
		The Mwalimu ('teacher'), as he is affectionately called, was responsible for the adoption by TANU in 1967 of the Arusha Declaration, which despite its economic failures has remained famous for its humanist principles: it is a programme for African socialism based on the concept of the family, solidarity and self-sufficiency.
	www.unesco.org /culture/prizes/simon_bolivar/html_eng/nyerere.shtml (421 words)

	TANZANET - The Tanzanian Electronic Networking Community - Tanzanias' and its 500 Years History
		The merger followed the signing of an agreement for union by President Nyerere of Tanganyika and Abeid Amani Karume of Zanzibar, and ratification of the agreement by the National Assembly of Tanganyika and the Revolutionary Council of Zanzibar.
		Tanganyika and the newly independent states of Zanzibar merged on April 26th 1964, to formed the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (Tanzania).
		The King African riffle was dissolved and replaced by the Peoples defence forces and Captain Mrisho Sarakyikya was appointed to the rank of Brigadier General and became the first Chief of Armed forces.
	www.tanzanet.org /article16.html (1398 words)

	Tanzania - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Tanganyika, populated by many Bantu groups, such as the Chagga, Hehe, Gogo, Yao, and Nyamwezi, and by the Masai and other Nilotic peoples, was defined by a series of treaties between European states in the decade after 1886.
		Nyerere became prime minister when Tanganyika was granted independence in December 1961; one year later the new nation adopted a republican constitution, with Nyerere as its president.
		Benjamin Mkapa, a member of the Revolutionary Party, was elected president, and the Revolutionary Party won the majority of the seats in the National Assembly.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /tanzania.htm (1030 words)

	Julius Nyerre
		He founded the Tanganyika-African National Union in 1954 and became the first Prime Minister of Tanganyika.
		African Political Leadership : Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah, and Julius K. Nyerere by A. Assensoh
		Nyerre negotiated the merger of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, creating Tanzania, which he then headed.
	www.multied.com /Bio/people/Nyerre.html (57 words)

	tanzania.html
		In 1954, Julius Nyerere was one of the founders of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), which led the nationalist movement.
		Zanzibar, which gained independence in 1963, joined Tanganyika in 1964; in 1965 the nation was renamed Tanzania.
		The well-organized movement won independence for Tanganyika in 1961, and Nyerere became head of state.
	www.gateway-africa.com /countries/tanzania.html (640 words)

	Julius Nyerere -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		First prime minister of independent Tanganyika (1961), first president of Tanzania (1964–85), and the major force behind the Organization of African Unity (OAU; now African Union).
		The first prime minister of an independent Tanganyika, Julius Nyerere was also a leader in the founding of the Organization of African Unity in 1963.
		A year later he became the first president of the new state of Tanzania, a merger of Tanganyika with the island of Zanzibar.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9373793 (780 words)

	Julius Nyerere, lifelong learning and informal education
		Julius Kambarage Nyerere was born on April 13, 1922 in Butiama, on the eastern shore of lake Victoria in north west Tanganyika.
		Nyerere& life and career are an inspiration to the many Africans who dismiss the notion current in elite African circles today that justice, dignity and freedom should be subordinated to the single-minded pursuit of prosperity through economic liberalisation and structural adjustment.
		On his return to Tanganyika, Nyerere was forced by the colonial authorities to make a choice between his political activities and his teaching.
	www.infed.org /thinkers/et-nye.htm (3614 words)

	Heinemann Books
		Through her accounts of the life histories of women participants in the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), Geiger reveals the actions and "culture of politics" through which TANU women constructed, performed and maintained nationalism in Tanzania.
		TANU women drew upon notions of dignity, pan-ethnic solidarity, equality, and tolerance to articulate a nationalist consciousness that has persisted in spite of economic hardship and political disenchantment.
		It is also a book that should find wide use in courses on African history and politics, women in Africa, and women's studies.
	books.heinemann.com /products/07421.aspx (273 words)

	Julius Nyerere of Tanzania Dies; Preached African Socialism to the World
		That new group, the Tanganyika African National Union, was formed on July 7, 1954, a date now celebrated as a national holiday known as Saba Saba, the seventh day of the seventh month.
		He also won election as president of the Tanganyika African Association, an elite social organization that he quickly transformed into a political party that later led the struggle for independence.
		He provided training camps for the African National Congress from South Africa and diplomatic support for national movements fighting in Mozambique and Rhodesia.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~anthro/articles/nyerere.html (3061 words)

	Tanzania Flag
		Adopted in 1964, the flag of Tanzania is a combination between the flag of Zanzibar and the flag of the Tanganyika African National Union.
		The flag of the Tanganyika African National Union used black and green as its colors.
		The yellow border was added to symbolize the mineral wealth of the land of Tanzania.
	www.special-tplus.com /tanzania-flag.html (258 words)

	African Political Parties and Organizations on the Web
		Union pour la République / Mouvement National, UNIR / MN In French.
		The National Chairman is Alhaji Adamu Ahmed Abdulkadir.
		The National Conscience Party was formed [by Gani Fawehinmi] and "publicly launched as a political party on the 1st of October 1994.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/political-parties-africa.html (7705 words)

	CNN.com - Main events in Tanzania since independence - October 26, 2000
		Former school teacher Julius Nyerere becomes Tanganyika's first prime minister but resigns after seven weeks in office to work on an ideology for the ruling party, the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU).
		At stake is the presidency of the union of Zanzibar and Tanganyika as well as the presidency of the Indian Ocean Zanzibar isles alone.
		Sept 1985 - Nyerere resigns as president of the Union, handing over to Vice-President Ali Hassan Mwinyi who is elected as president the following month.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/africa/10/26/tanzania.elexchron.reut (719 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Tanganyika, 1939-1961
		In 1954, JULIUS NYERERE established the TANU (Tanganyika African National Union) which emerged as the dominant political party in the elections of 1958 and 1960.
		Tanganyika was a member of the EAST AFRICAN CURRENCY UNION since 1922, the currency being the East African Shilling.
		In 1946 Tanganyika was approved as a TRUST TERRITORY by the United Nations, in succession of the League of Nations, entrusted to Great Britain.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eastafrica/tang193961.html (383 words)

	TANZANET Documents
		As a young man, Kandoro was a political activist and he was among the seventeen founders of Tanganyika African National Union (TANU).
		Katika Mwaka 1952, alikuwa Provincial Secretary wa Tanganyika African Association, Lake Province.
		SAADAN ABDUL KANDORO was born in Ujiji, by the Lake Tanganyika, December 28, 1926 and was educated at Bwiru Teachers Training College.
	www.tanzanet.org /int/kandoro/biography.html (540 words)

	Students for Students International
		Nyerere founded the Tanganyika African National Union in 1954, and when Tanganyika (present day mainland of Tanzania) won independence in 1961, Nyerere was the country’s first president.
		Zanzibar and Tanganyika were united two years later, forming what we still know today as the United Republic of Tanzania.
		Nyerere was and still is a national hero in the hearts of Tanzanians.
	www.unc.edu /s4si/tanzania/tanzaniapeople.htm (227 words)

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