Tangent (clavichord)

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	Tangent (tangent piano) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the clavichord, the tangent remains in contact with the string to keep the note sounding, while in the tangent piano, the tangent immediately rebounds from the string so that the string is allowed to vibrate freely (that is, it has an escapement).
		It is similar to the tangent of a clavichord only in the sense that they both are driven ultimately by the player's finger to strike the string to initate sound.
		A tangent, when referred to in the context of the action of a tangent piano refers to the small slip of wood similar in shape to a harpsichord jack or similar to an unleathered fortepiano hammer which strikes the string to produce sound.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tangent_mechanism (161 words)

	Keyboard Family History
		The dual function of the tangent (stopping and sounding) meant that the clavichord did not produce a "big" sound; certainly not a big enough sound for the performance of concerti in large spaces.
		In these "unfretted" clavichords, however, the principle remained the same: the tangent hitting the string would simultaneously select the string length and initiate the sound.
		Thus, the tangent served a dual purpose inasmuch as it both "stopped" the string at the desired point and acted as the agent responsible for string vibration.
	www.classicol.com /classical.cfm?music=instrumentInfo§ion=KeyboardHistory&title=Keyboard%20Family%20History (161 words)

	SquareSound Forums - Clavichord?
		On a clavichord, the sound is made by a piece of metal (called a tangent) striking the string, but the tangent doesn't fall away like a piano hammer does, it stays in contact with the string as long as you hold the key down.
		One end of a clavichord's string is damped, so the string only sounds on one side of the tangent.
		So, the pitch of the note you play is determined by its 'sounding length', that is the length of the string which is vibrating, and that is between the tangent and the bridge.
	www.squaresound.com /forum/showthread.php?t=4365 (988 words)

	INTRODUCITON AND DESCRIPTION
		The pitch of the sound on a clavichord is determined by several factors: the diameter of the strings, the material or density of the strings, the tension of the strings, (regulated by the tuning pins), and the vibrating length of the strings, (determined by the striking point of the tangent.)
		Clavichord makers adhered to the basic principles that were found at the end of the sixteenth century, and continued to improve upon several features of the instrument.
		Clavichords were not being made frequently in the countries of England, France, and Italy in the eighteenth century, so very few are left in existence.
	cfaonline.asu.edu /haefer/classes/564/564.papers/pingreejclavichord.html (4560 words)

	A Way to Hear Bach Intimately, if Barely
		But a clavichord key — or rather, the metal "tangent" implanted in it — touches the string directly.
		Here's what Forkel wrote: "[Bach] liked best to play upon the clavichord: the harpsichord, though certainly susceptible of a very great variety of expression, had not enough soul for him; and the piano in his lifetime was too much in its infancy and still much too coarse to satisfy him.
		True, recent scholarship shows that the clavichords Bach knew were not quite as feeble as those built in the early-20th-century revival of the instrument.
	homepages.kdsi.net /~sherman/Bachonclavichord.htm (1554 words)

	Tangentenflügel
		The "tangent" component of the word Tangentenflügel leads people to expect a tangent like that of the clavichord, whose tangents are of brass mounted on the end of the key lever.
		The Tangentenflügel’s tangent is more like a wooden harpsichord jack which is flung against the string by a small mechanism at the end of the key lever and is guided by a slotted rack.
		This tangent strikes the string that continues to sound while the key is depressed.
	www.tangentenflugel.com /whatis.html (1554 words)

	SJSU Historical Keyboard Collection - Technological Evolution
		The clavichord, which dates from the 15th century, is mechanically simple: when a key is depressed a metal tangent in the back rises “teetor-totter” style and contacts the string to make a sound.
		The Erard piano has a mechanism called the double escapement repetition, allowing the hammer to reset for another blow (to the string) by the slightest release of the key.
		Unlike a piano, the amount of downward force on the key makes little or no change in the volume of sound when a note is played.
	www.music.sjsu.edu /links/piano/tech.html (831 words)

	Upright Piano : Baby Grand Piano - Play piano Pianos : Piano sheet music
		Piano solo piano recital online piano lesson play piano online kimball pianoroland digital piano learn piano piano scale piano book piano repair piano sheet music onlinepiano chord chart As a keyboard stringed instrument, the piano is similar to the clavichord and harpsichord.
		piano sohmer upright The tuning forks themselves are "unbalanced" or asymmetrical: one arm consists of a short, stiff metal rod (essentially a stiff wire) called a "tine" which is struck by the hammer, and the other arm is a tuned resonator resembling a piece of metal bar stock, sized to sound the appropriate note.
		Rhodes at this point changed internally history piano upright antique baldwin piano upright The hammers were plastic, the pedestals were bare, (the felt was on the underside of the hammer), the pickups were a different shape, and the tine structure differed from pre-1975 tines.
	www.tkk.pl /~xpc/upright_piano (4938 words)

	Clavichord
		Early clavichords were fretted: Clavichord tangents for two, three, or four keys were placed at different points along the same string, which, when struck, caused a different series of notes to be sounded.
		To the left of the tangent, the vibrations of the string are silenced by felt woven through the strings near the hitchpins; when the key is released, the felt silences the entire string.
		When the player depresses the front of the key, the tangent rises, striking the string, both setting it in vibration and determining its sounding length, which is from the bridge to the tangent.
	www.pianorestoring.com /History_Education/clavicho.htm (389 words)

	Creative Keyboard Feature Article
		The strings were struck by a metal rod called a "tangent." When the key was pressed down, the tangent rose to strike the string and stayed against the string until the key was released.
		It took the pianoforte just about a century from its birth to about 1800 to overtake the harpsichord and clavichord as the most favored keyboard instrument, for the newer type of instrument was only slowly subject to improvements and the older were in their full glory of perfection.
		Steinway and Sons made a further improvement on the piano in 1859 by dividing the overstringing into two crossings--that is, he put the longer bass strings at an angle across some of the shorter strings.
	www.creativekeyboard.com /jan00/history.html (1313 words)

	Johann Gottfried Eckard
		For the above reasons, this recording presents Eckard's surviving works partly on clavichord and partly on tangent piano.
		The tangent piano is an early form of the fortepiano.
		The sound and touch of such fortepianos hardly differ from those of the tangent piano, so the use of this instrument—besides musical-aesthetic reasons—is also justified by historical evidence.
	www.harpsichord-sd.com /clavichord/eckard.html (1190 words)

	Christian Kintzing: Clavichord (1986.239) Object Page Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art
		The tangent mechanism, however, allows a player to achieve a range, albeit narrow, of louder and softer tones as well as special effects like bebung, a form of vibrato, so that the clavichord was and is valued for its intimate expressiveness.
		The action of the clavichord is relatively simple: the finger depresses a key which, working as a lever, causes its opposite end to rise so that a metal tongue (or tangent) hits a metal string, causing it to resonate.
		This unfretted instrument, one of two known clavichords by Kintzing, is equipped with a pantalon stop, an unusual feature consisting of a second row of tangents under the keyboard that aided in sustaining tones.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/hd/cris/hod_1986.239.htm (1190 words)

	CBH The Clavichord
		It is the degree of control allowed by this immediacy of touch, which is so lacking in all other keyboard instruments: In the clavichord, the finger is always in direct connection through the key and tangent to the sounding string.
		This uprising of the piano can probably be attributed to the fact that it attempted to combine the best features of two very different keyboard instruments: Some of the expressiveness of the clavichord, at the rather more sociable volume level of the harpsichord, enabling serious use with other instruments.
		The back part of the key rises, and the tangent taps the string, both exciting it into vibration and determining its speaking length at the same moment.
	www.hpschd.nu /clav.html (886 words)

	flowers
		I love the solo music and I love Spányi's way with it, especially his choice of instruments: clavichord, tangent piano (you've got to hear a tangent piano!), and harpsichord.
		It doesn't matter where you break into this series, but I promise that if you love eighteenth century music, you won't be able ‘to eat just one.'
	www.positive-feedback.com /Issue15/autumnflowers.htm (1446 words)

	Ramée, Bach
		Miklós Spányi performs as soloist throughout Europe, playing the organ, the harpsichord, the clavichord, the pianoforte or the tangent piano, and as a continuo player and leader of many ensembles.
		Miklós Spányi has made many recordings, especially for the labels BIS (complete work for keyboard by C. Bach) and Hungaroton Classic (Tangent Piano Collection).
		He continued his studies with Jos Van Immerseel at the Antwerp Conservatory and Hedwig Bilgram at the Hochschule für Musik in Munich.
	www.ramee.org /bachgb.html (971 words)

	GOLDBERG: SPÁNYI, MIKLÓS
		Miklós Spányi has given concerts in most European countries as a soloist on five keyboard instruments (organ, harpsichord, fortepiano, clavichord and tangent piano) as well as playing continuo in various orchestras and baroque ensembles.
		In recent years he has also performed as a conductor and piano soloist with orchestras using modern instruments.
		He continued his studies at the Royal Flemish Conservatory (Koninklijk Vlaams Muziekconservatorium) under Jos van Immerseel and at the Hochschule für Musik in Munich under Hedwig Bilgram.
	www.goldbergweb.com /fr/interpreters/conductors/20919_print.php (187 words)

	Miklos Spanyi-eng
		In addition to harpsichord and organ, he plays the clavichord, piano forte and tangent grand piano.
		Since 1990 Miklos Spanyi has lived in Finland, where he teaches organ and historical keyboard instruments in Oulu Conservatoire.
		Since 1983 Spanyi has been the artistic director of Hungarian chamber orchestra Concerto Armonico.
	www.oulunsalo.fi /oulunsalosoi/Spanyi-eng.html (215 words)

	Clavichord-Music on CD
		Keyboard improvisations, Johan Huys, tangent piano & Clavichord (Joris Potvlieghe), Clavichord-Recording recital 1995, 2003
		KANO: Tata Dindin, Kora and Voice, Hans Lüdemann, Piano and Clavichord (Wittmayer, Wolfratshausen), Recording 2003, P 2005
		Bernard Brauchli, Square Piano (Christian Baumann, Zweibrücken, 1775) & Clavichord (Egidius Heyne, Altmörbitz, 1781).
	www.clavichord.info /engl/cdeng.htm (2384 words)

	Christian Kintzing: Clavichord (1986.239) Object Page Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art
		The clavichord is very quiet compared to the harpsichord or piano because of the inefficiency of its sound production, with the tangent hitting the string at the end of its resonating length, rather than in the middle.
		The tangent mechanism, however, allows a player to achieve a range, albeit narrow, of louder and softer tones as well as special effects like bebung, a form of vibrato, so that the clavichord was and is valued for its intimate expressiveness.
		Earlier clavichords were fretted, that is, a single string might be used to create several different notes, depending on where a tangent struck it.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/hd/cris/hod_1986.239.htm (338 words)

	Clavichord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The volume of the note can be changed by striking harder or softer, and the pitch can also be affected by varying the force of the tangent against the string (known as bebung) and can be used to give a form of vibrato.
		Since the string vibrates from the bridge only as far as the tangent, multiple keys with multiple tangents can be assigned to the same string (like a monochord).
		The note is sustained as long as the tangent is in contact with the string.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clavichord (539 words)

	EMC Keyboard Instrument Businesses - early keyboard instrument makers
		Maker of "tangent pianos", clavichord-like instruments based on historical models.
		Maker of early keyboard instrument kits, including harpsichords, clavichords, spinets, and virginals, also--made to order--organs and portative organs.
		Maker of clavichords, virginals, spinets, and early keyboard instruments.
	earlymusichicago.org /businesses_keyboard.htm (408 words)

	Martin Pühringer Harpsichord
		The clavichord was not only a relatively inexpensive and thus more widespread alternative to the organ, but it was an important pedagogical tool which teaches the player to articulate precisely.
		Schiedmayer, also famous for his pianos, shortened the afterlength of the strings from tangent to hitchpin by means of extra "nut" pins on the hitchrail and created an instrument that was suited to piano playing technique, allowing the player to heavily hit the keys without the danger of an unwanted "Bebung".
		There is a recording of keyboard works by J. Bach on a Schiedmayer of mine.
	www.clavier.at /instruments.html (2630 words)

	Clavichord
		Early clavichords were fretted: Clavichord tangents for two, three, or four keys were placed at different points along the same string, which, when struck, caused a different series of notes to be sounded.
		To the left of the tangent, the vibrations of the string are silenced by felt woven through the strings near the hitchpins; when the key is released, the felt silences the entire string.
		By varying finger pressure on the key, the player can produce a vibrato (German bebung), a wavelike fluctuation in pitch.
	www.pianorestoring.com /History_Education/clavicho.htm (389 words)

	STRINGED INSTRUMENTS - Online Information article about STRINGED INSTRUMENTS
		peculiar action of the tangent it was possible to produce on the clavichord the vibrato effect (Bebung) as in the violin, an effect which is impracticable on any other keyboard instrument.
		The actionof the hammer of the dulcimer reappeared in the pianoforte.
		Strings set in Vibration by Friction of the Bow.—Although used with various other instruments, such as the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /STE_SUS/STRINGED_INSTRUMENTS.html (2166 words)

	CONTINUO Magazine for Early Music June 1998 instrumental Reviews
		Unlike the clavichord, where there are tangents but no escapement mechanism, the tangents here fall back from the string, so that no vibrato or Bebung is possible.
		The action is similar to most late 18th century German and Austrian fortepianos, except that instead of pivoted hammers, slips of wood (the tangents) are propelled upward to strike the strings.
		Unlike a fortepiano hammer, there is no covering of paper or leather atop the tangent, so the sound is quite bright and sharp.
	www.continuo.com /june98/reviews/revinstr.htm (9798 words)

	New Clavichord Recording
		Actually, through the direct contact with the string of the tangent (a brass blade at the back of a clavichord key) which produces the sound in this type of mechanism, one has possibilities for dynamic shading, and one can influence the sound even after it "has begun (e.g.
		Even though Müthel states in the title of the E flat Duetto that it can be played on the harpsichord, pianoforte or clavichord, the notation shows quite clearly which instrument he really preferred: in several emotionally accentuated places (e.g.
		through the famous Bebung, a rapid increasing and decreasing of pressure of the finger on the key that produces a type of vibrato) thereby modifying and "flattering" it.
	www.harpsichord-sd.com /clavichord/muethel.html (3749 words)

	Double-fretted Clavichord Kit by The Paris Workshop - CLAVIERS BAROQUES Toronto
		The mechanism is very simple: when you press a key the brass tangent fixed at the other end functions as a fret and excites the string.
		When the finger is lifted from the key, the vibrations travel along the strings and are damped promptly by the listing cloth.
		As the finger has a direct mechanical connection with the string, simple pressure on the key can produce vibrato (commonly referred to by the German term Bebung).
	www.claviersbaroques.com /TPWFrClav.htm (250 words)

	Encyclopedia: Clavinet
		The clavinet is essentially an electronically amplified clavichord: Pressing the keyboard activates a small brass 'tangent', which strikes a string.
		A clavinet is a musical instrument, manufactured by the Hohner company.
		The archetypal Clavinet sound can be heard on Stevie Wonder 's track Superstition.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Clavinet (250 words)

	Clavichord recordings - Dr. Bradley Lehman - program notes
		A preliminary version of this project is available as the four discs On a Tangent and On a Cotangent, The Serene Clavichord, and Dances with Clavichord.
		His dynamic keyboard textures and techniques are particularly well suited to the clavichord, although his music is also effective on the harpsichord or organ.
		Wie möcht ich frölich werden - A lute dance by Melchior Neusidler, 1574: music in a popular style, with a duple dance followed by a triple dance on the same themes.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~bpl/domesticnotes.htm (250 words)

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