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Topic: Tangent galvanometer

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	Galvanometer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Galvanometer mechanisms are used to position the pens of analog chart recorders such as used for making an electrocardiogram.
		In some cases (the classical polygraph of movies or the electroencephalograph), the galvanometer is strong enough to move the pen while it remains in contact with the paper; the writing mechanism may be a heated tip on the needle writing on heat-sensitive paper or a fluid-fed pen.
		Galvanometers have been replaced as measuring instruments by analog to digital converters (ADC) for most uses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galvanometer (881 words)

	tangent - definition by dict.die.net
		Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a form of galvanometer having a circular coil and a short needle, in which the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle is proportional to the strength of the current.
		Tangent of an angle, the natural tangent of the arc subtending or measuring the angle.
		Tangent of an arc, a right line, as ta, touching the arc of a circle at one extremity a, and terminated by a line ct, passing from the center through the other extremity o.
	dict.die.net /tangent (310 words)

	Tangent Galvanometer
		On the right is a tangent galvanometer made for William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), and used by James Joule in his researches on the mechanical equivalent of heat at Glasgow.
		The Helmholtz-type tangent galvanometer at the left is in the collection of the University of Cincinnati.
		The tangent galvanometer at the left is in the museum in the physics department at Glasgow University in Scotland.
	physics.kenyon.edu /EarlyApparatus/Electrical_Measurements/Tangent_Galvanometer/Tangent_Galvanometer.html (1141 words)

	Galvanometers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In the tangent galvanometer there is a circular coil having one or more turns of wire, at the center of which a magnetic needle is either balanced on a point or suspended by a fine fiber of silk or quartz.
		In case of a tangent galvanometer the magnetic force F due to the coil is expressed by IG.
		The galvanometer is graduated in degrees of the horizontal rotation.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/instruments/test/galvanometers.htm (2541 words)

	Galvanometers
		All galvanometers are based upon the discovery by Hans C. Oersted that a magnetic needle is deflected by the presence of an electric current in a nearby conductor.
		These meters were called tangent galvanometers because the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle is proportional to the strength of the current in the coil (at this point in time it was impossible to construct a meter whose needle deflection was directly proportional to the current under measurement).
		One of the limitations of early galvanometers was that the length of the needle had to be kept very short in order to minimize the effects of the earth's magnetic field and reduce damping errors introduced by the mass of the needle itself.
	www.sparkmuseum.com /GALV.HTM (761 words)

	Pouillet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The sine galvanometer is similar in appearance to the tangent galvanometer, but has provision to rotate the coil about a vertical axis.
		Claude Pouillet of Paris in 1837, is a precursor of the tangent galvanometer.
		Like the tangent galvanometer, the sine galvanometer has a coil of wire carrying the current to be measured, and a magnetic compass needle in the middle of the coil.
	www.geocities.com /neveyaakov/electro_science/pouillet.html (831 words)

	RAC EXPORTS - Manufacturers & Exports
		The resistance of the coil is 20 ohms and it is sufficiently damped.
		The moving coil system of the galvanometer is insulated from the case.
		Copper terminals, Zero adjuster, levelling screw to hold the galvanometer during transit are the important features of the Ballistic Galvanometer, which differentiate it from othar such instruments.
	www.racexports.com /inst-44.htm (331 words)

	Tangent - Definition of Tangent by Webster Dictionary
		(Geom.) A tangent line curve, or surface; specifically, that portion of the straight line tangent to a curve that is between the point of tangency and a given line, the given line being, for example, the axis of abscissas, or a radius of a circle produced.
		a decimal expressing the length of the tangent of an arc, the radius being reckoned unity.
		(Elec.) a form of galvanometer having a circular coil and a short needle, in which the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle is proportional to the strength of the current.
	www.webster-dictionary.net /definition/tangent (189 words)

	Galvanometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Galvanometer mechanisms have been used to position the pens of analog chart recorders.
		Strip chart recorders with galvanometer driven pens might have a full scale frequency response of 100 Hz and several cm deflection.
		Many early applications of galvanometers for measuring and recording are associated with William Thompson.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/G/Galvanometer.htm (890 words)

	Ammeters & Galvanometers, Science Museum Maynooth
		An ammeter is a galvanometer calibrated to read Amperes (or Amps), the standard unit of current, named after the French scientist André Marie Ampère (1775-1836).
		Most galvanometers use either moving magnets, in which the magnet is turned by the field set up by the current in a coil, or moving coils, which turn in a magnetic field as a current is passed through the coil.
		Often a mirror is attached to the moving part of the galvanometer, allowing the angle of deflection to be magnified and measured using light beams.
	www.nuim.ie /museum/ammeters.html (99 words)

	Electromagnetic Demos
		A large coil of wire is hooked to a galvanometer to measure for current.
		When the coil is waved in front of a magnet the galvanometer shows an induced current in the coil of wire.
		When a current runs through the coil of wire in a tangent galvanometer, a magnetic field is produced and can be shown by viewing the compass located in the center of the tangent galvanometer.
	www.phy.cmich.edu /phy_demo/electro-mag/electromag/electromag.htm (706 words)

	Measurement instruments
		This is d’Arsonval’s galvanometer of the Siemens firm.
		The galvanometer is composed by a multiplier made of a long and thin wire.
		Thompson’s astatic system is made of two series of thin parallel magnets with opposed polarities, pasted on a circular mica plate and connected to a pole.
	spazioinwind.libero.it /gabinetto_di_fisica/elmag/electricmeasuresu.htm (852 words)

	Historical Scientific Instrument Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The motion generates a temporary current in the coil and the total charge generated during the flip, usually measured by a ballistic galvanometer, can be used with data on the size and the number of turns in the coil to calculate the magnetic field intensity.
		This is a moving-coil ballistic galvanometer with a very small restoring torque used for measuring magnetic flux.
		The force on the compass needle decreases as the coil is tilted since that decreases the component of the field in the plane of the needle.
	www.unl.edu /histinstr/magnetism.html (746 words)

	Galvonometer description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The current is proportional to the tangent of the angle of deflection, so the meter is calibrated in tangents as well as degrees.
		The galvanometer is then connected across the battery with one or more of the resistors in series with the meter (by removing shorting plugs), and the tangent is recorded.
		A simple ratio of the known resistor, turns ratio and tangent reading to the turns ratio, tangent reading and unknown resistance of the telegraph line allows the unknown insulation resistance and resistivity of the telegraph line to be calculated.
	www.itesafety.com /galvo.htm (591 words)

	physicslabs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Students using Queen and co. tangent galvanometers can be seen off to the right in the picture.
		Our Nalder Brothers tangent galvanometer is at the left in this picture of the advanced physics lab.
		The high table underneath it as well as the table supporting the galvanometer in the back left of the picture are currently used in the physics museum.
	www.uvm.edu /~dahammon/museum/Physicslabs.html (147 words)

	Trove Reference & Education: Tangent galvanometer designed by Lord Kelvin. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		When the instrument is connected to an electrical circuit the magnet is affected by the flow of electricity in the coil which causes the needle of the instrument to deflect.
		Introduction: This tangent galvanometer was part of an electrical testing set that was generally used for testing circuit continuity.
		The instrument is called a tangent galvanometer because the voltage in the circuit under test is proportional to the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_rlg4413/is_SLGG0003/ai_n15607256 (582 words)

	RAP_SciInstMus_TanGalv
		Usage/History: The tangent galvanometer was introduced by Servais Mathias Poullet in 1837.
		The current strength is proportional to the tangent of the angle of the deflection.
		The present instrument could be used as a teaching device for physics classes, for demonstration of the tangent law (the relation between the current flowing through the coils and the tangent of the angle of deflection of the compass).
	www.humboldt.edu /~scimus/HSTC.27-35/Descriptions/TanGalv.htm (294 words)

	SM006 The Tangent Galvanometer
		A tangent galvanometer for measuring electric current consists of a magnetic needle suspended at the centre of a vertical ring through which a current flows, the plane of the ring coinciding with the magnetic meridian.
		The earth’s magnetic field and the magnetic field due to the current through the coil are at right angles and so a resultant couple acts on the magnetic needle such that a deflection, q results.
		The tangent galvanometer can measure large currents where n is small and small currents when n is large (about 500 turns).
	staff.um.edu.mt /rlib1/sm/tangent_galvanometer.htm (146 words)

	Tangent Galvanometer - Kimball
		Instruments which measure a current by its action on a magnetic needle are known as galvanometers.
		- In the tangent galvanometer there is a circular coil having one or more turns of wire, at the center of which a magnetic needle is either balanced on a point or suspended by a fine fiber of silk or quartz.
		n case of a tangent galvanometer the magnetic force F due to the coil is expressed by IG.
	www.humboldt.edu /~scimus/Instruments/Elec-Kimball/TanGalKim.htm (526 words)

	Historical Scientific Instrument Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A tangent galvanometer is used to measure electric currents if the local magnetic field of the Earth is known.
		This massive tangent galvanometer has a tilting coil to provide different sensitivities.
		Claude Servais Matthias Pouillet (1790-1868) invented the sine galvanometer, which is similar in appearance to the tangent galvanometer, but has provision to rotate the coil about a vertical axis.
	physics.unl.edu /outreach/histinstr/magnetism.html (755 words)

	Chapter Galvanologist <i>to</i> Gander of G by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle.
		a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument.
		Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1198/22763/1.html (260 words)

	Chapter Tamperer <i>to</i> Tant of T by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		A tangent line curve, or surface; specifically, that portion of the straight line tangent to a curve that is between the point of tangency and a given line, the given line being, for example, the axis of abscissas, or a radius of a circle produced.
		a form of galvanometer having a circular coil and a short needle, in which the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle is proportional to the strength of the current.
		meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; — said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1211/24279/3.html (377 words)

	PHSX 222L (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A tangent galvanometer can be used to measure small uniform magnetic fields such as the Earth's.
		If the tangent galvanometer is oriented so the Earth's magnetic field vector is in the plane of the coil then the field created by the coil will be perpendicular to the Earth's field vector \boldsymbolB
		Orient the tangent galvanometer so the Earth's magnetic field vector is in the plane of the coil; then rotate the compass dial until the needle indicates north.
	www.snow.edu /~larrys/PHSX222L/PHSX222LLabs/EarthsField.html (502 words)

	TITLE: Tangent Galvanometer
		The instrument used in this experiment is a tangent galvanometer that consists of circular coils of wire oriented in a vertical plane that produce a horizontal magnetic field at its center of magnitude.
		If the coils of the galvanometer are oriented so that the field due to the coils B
		Orient the tangent galvanometer so that the plane of the coils is parallel to the north-south line as indicated by the compass without the applied field (see Figure 3.).
	lpc1.clpccd.cc.ca.us /lpc/harpell/Phys4C/TangentGalv/TanGalvLab.html (520 words)

	Re: how to construct tangent galvanometer?
		One assumes that the Tangent Galvanometer is intended for demonstration of principles rather than for serious use, in which case many niceties of construction and use may be dispensed with.
		The essence of a tangent galvo is that a magnetometer is placed at the centre of a coil which carries the current to be measured.
		(Placing it at right angles to the magnetic meridian turns the device into a sine galvanometer.) Use a short compass needle on a point bearing for the magnetometer, preferably attach a fine pointer to the compass needle at right angles to the needle itself, make the pointer about 3 inches long.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/jan2001/980622039.Eg.r.html (234 words)

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