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	Tanner stage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tanner stages (also known as the Tanner scale) are stages of physical development in children, adolescents and adults.
		The stages define physical measurements of development based on external primary and secondary sex characteristics, such as the size of the breasts, genitalia, and development of pubic hair.
		In HIV treatment, Tanner staging is used to determine which treatment regimen to follow (adult, adolescent, or pediatric).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tanner_stage (135 words)

	Natural Breast Development Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tanner Stage 2 (ages 8-14) - Puberty begins usually between ages of 8 and 13, though the average age is 11, with the development of breast tissue and pubic hair.
		Tanner Stage 3 (ages 9-15) - in stage 3, there is further enlargement and elevation of the breast and areola (with no separation of their contours) The areola begins to darken in color.
		Tanner Stage 5 (ages 12-19) - in the mature adult breast, there is a projection of the nipple only; however, in some woman the areola continues to form a secondary mound.
	www.physiciansselect.com /all-natural-breast-enhancement-pill1.htm (769 words)

	Puberty and its Stages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tanner Stage 2 is characterized by small breast buds and "peach-fuzz" in the pubic area, and its average age is 11-12.
		During Stage 3, breast buds become larger and pubic hair growth continues, but it is mostly in the center and does not extend out to the thighs or upward.
		A girl has reached Tanner Stage 5 when her breasts are fully formed and her pubic hair is adult in quantity and type, forming the classical upside-down triangle shape common to women.
	www.womenshealth.org /a/puberty_stages.htm (262 words)

	U.S. v. Katz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The application of the "Tanner Scale" to a visual depiction for the purpose of determining the age of the person depicted is not valid and reliable scientific methodology and does not comport with the requirements of evidentiary reliability articulated by the Supreme Court in Daubert v.
		The ethnicity of the model in 1-B was uncertain, and the district court held that the scientific methodology of the Tanner Scale was not sufficiently verified on non-Caucasian individuals.
		However, the expert also testified that the Tanner Scale breast stages are not scientifically useful in determining the age of the models because the range of ages for each stage was too broad and extended beyond the age of 18.
	www.ci.keene.nh.us /police/Katz.html (2314 words)

	Tanner stage: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Tanner stages (also known as the Tanner scale) are stages of physical development development quick summary:
		Adolescence is the transitional stage of development between childhood and full adulthood, representing the period of time during which a person is biologically...
		James mourilyan tanner (born august 1 1920, camberley, surrey, uk) is a british pediatrician who is best known for his invention of the tanner...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/ta/tanner_stage.htm (835 words)

	The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
		Tanner's classification was used to determine the pubertal developmental stage.
		Pubic hair stages in the males and the breast stages in the females were used.
		Estradiol levels in girls and testosterone levels in boys in relation to Tanner stages are seen in Tables V and VI, respectively.
	tjp.dergisi.org /text.php3?id=188 (3124 words)

	Breast Development
		Puberty begins (usually between ages of 8 and 13, average age is 11) with the development of breast tissue and pubic hair.
		In stage 3, there is further enlargement and elevation of the breast and areola (with no separation of their contours) The areola begins to darken in color.
		In the mature adult breast (stage 5), there is projection of the nipple only (though in some woman the areola continues to form a secondary mound).
	www.afraidtoask.com /breast/breastdevelopement.html (241 words)

	Tanner Scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is a wholly illegitimate use of Tanner staging: no equations exist estimating age from stage, and even if they did, the degree of unreliability in the staging the independent variable would introduce large errors into the estimation of age, the dependent variable.
		Furthermore, the unreliability of the stage rating is increased to an unknown degree by improperly performed staging, that is, not at a clinical examination but through nonstadardized and, thus, unsuitable photographs.
		Tanner staging is useful for notations in medical records and standardizing observations among physicians and for clinical research.
	www.ci.keene.nh.us /police/tanner%20scale.htm (848 words)

	Biomarkers for Assessing Reproductive Development and Health: Part 1--Pubertal Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With respect to the Tanner method, a limitation for use in some populations or under certain circumstances is that it requires nude children and adolescents to be visually inspected by a trained clinician for the appearance of secondary sex characteristics.
		The Tanner SMS is often not practical for the purposes of population-based research, as many adolescents (and their parents) are uncomfortable with the idea of being undressed in the presence of a stranger.
		Several issues might affect the accuracy of an adolescent's self-assessment of pubertal maturation: the adolescent's actual Tanner stage, where the instrument is administered (school vs. clinic setting), and whether he/she is aware that a physical examination is imminent.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2003/6265/6265.html (8986 words)

	KidsGrowth.com
		Years ago, a pediatric endocrinologist Dr. Tanner developed stages of sexual developed that are referred to as "Tanner Stages" or Sexual Maturity Ratings (SMR).
		The Tanner Stages were developed by observing the pubic hair of both males and females, the male genital area, and the female breast.
		Stage 4 testes larger (12cc-20cc) with greater enlargment and darkening of the scortum.
	www.kidsgrowth.com /resources/advicedetail.cfm?id=642 (447 words)

	Tanner, Joseph Richard - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Tanner, Joseph Richard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was assigned to a 2004 flight that was postponed following the Columbia space shuttle disaster the previous year.
		Tanner joined NASA's Johnson Space Center in 1984 as an aerospace engineer and research pilot.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Tanner%2c+Joseph+Richard (145 words)

	Case Based Pediatrics Chapter
		Enlargement of the testes indicates the transition from genital stage I to Stage II, beginning at an average age of 11.5 years.
		This is usually preceded by the appearance of pubic hair at the base of the phallus progressing through pubic hair stages II to V. Pubic hair stage III is followed by the appearance of axillary and facial hair growth.
		The bone age is usually delayed and reflects the physical delays and the height age of the patient (the age corresponding to the 50%ile of the patient's actual height).
	www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s20c01.html (1468 words)

	Silver Stage - Ellis Tanner Trading Companing
		Tanner has also, personally, amassed one of the largest collections of ‘old pawn’ (more than 40,000 pieces of hand-crafted jewelry, most of it in silver and turquoise) in the United States.
		Tanner has also established ‘The Circle of Light," a group of professionals who serve as mentors to the young people, showing them how to walk in harmony in both the white man’s world and the Navajo world.
		The newly established Ellis Tanner Gallery in Silverton, Colo. carries on the Tanner tradition.
	www.silverstage.net /gallup.htm (698 words)

	A longitudinal study of resting energy expenditure relative to body composition during puberty in African American and ...
		in REE from Tanner stage 1 to stage 2 was not significant.
		in FM and LM from Tanner stage 1 to subsequent Tanner stages.
		the decrease in REE was not significant from Tanner stage 1
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/73/2/308 (4988 words)

	Our Stolen Future: Advances in the age of puberty
		Even at the age of 3, the youngest in the study, 3% of African-American girls and 1% of white girls showed breast and/or pubic hair development, with proportions increasing to 27.2% and 6.7%, respectively, at 7 years of age.
		Prevalence of breast development at Tanner stage 2 or greater by age and race.
		Prevalence of pubic hair development at Tanner stage 2 or greater by age and race.
	www.ourstolenfuture.org /NewScience/reproduction/Puberty/hermangiddens.htm (330 words)

	Tramadol, buy tramadol, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, weight loss, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		RESULTS: Self-ratings of breast Tanner stage were concordant with actual stage in 48%, overestimated in 25%, and underestimated in 27% of nonobese girls.
		By contrast, breast Tanner stage was overestimated by 38% of obese girls and was underestimated by only 12%.
		CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, in children 6 to 12 years of age, self-assessment cannot be used to determine reliably the breast Tanner stage of obese girls or the pubic hair stage of boys.
	www.hair-loss-alopecia.com /ref-hair-growth/hair-growth-research-abs3.134.html (672 words)

	KidsGrowth.com
		We were very happy to hear this, but are confused because we had read that if a child went through the Tanner stages too early their growth could stop.
		The Tanner stages assess genital and pubic hair development from Tanner Stage I which is none (prepubertal) to Tanner Stage 5 which is adult.
		Usually, (but not always!), the two are roughly equivalent, that is, Tanner stage III usually occurs at about age 13, and Tanner Stage 4 at about age 14.
	www.kidsgrowth.com /resources/advicedetail.cfm?id=1722 (448 words)

	Mechanism Behind Pubertal Insulin Resistance Revealed : LC Research/Media Forum : Active Low-Carber Forums
		All were at Tanner stage I at baseline.
		Tanner stage progression was associated with a significant 32% drop in insulin sensitivity, a "disproportionately low" 30% increase in the acute insulin response and a significant 27% fall in the disposition index.
		These changes were similar regardless of sex, ethnicity or weight and were not evident in children remaining at Tanner stage I. These findings, the authors say, suggest that "a conservation in beta-cell function or an inadequate beta-cell response" to the fall in insulin sensitivity may play a role in pubertal insulin resistance.
	forum.lowcarber.org /showthread.php?t=27869 (396 words)

	Stages Of Pubic Hair Growth
		Tanner's classification of sexual maturity looks at pubic hair growth to determine...
		pubic hair stages II to V. Pubic hair stage III is followed by the appearance of axillary and facial hair growth...
		staging is based on breast maturation and pubic hair growth, while for boys it is based on penis and testes development and pubic hair growth.
	www.hairline-enhancement.com /stages-of-pubic-hair-growth.html (329 words)

	Self-Assessment of Pubertal Stage in Overweight Children -- Bonat et al. 110 (4): 743 -- Pediatrics
		Number of children who underestimated, overestimated, and correctly estimated Tanner stage is shown for obese and normal-weight children.
		Tanner stage was accurately estimated by 80 (59%) of 135 girls,
		stage does not seem to be suitable for use in boys 6 to 12 years.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/110/4/743 (2546 words)

	Research Findings Register: summary number 1168 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Firstly a range of health and social care professionals from the fields of paediatric oncology and assisted conception were interviewed to map their understanding of the process and to gather their perceived issues and concerns.
		They were all post Tanner Stage 2 and under 18 at the time when they were diagnosed with cancer and offered fertility preservation.
		Interviews were conducted with 7 young men aged under 18 and post Tanner Stage 2 at the time of diagnosis of cancer; the parents/carers of 5 of them; and with 22 health and social care professionals.
	www.refer.nhs.uk /ViewRecord.asp?ID=1168 (664 words)

	Growth and development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Know that Tanner staging in girls (breasts and pubic hair) usually is parallel, while in boys, genital staging usually precedes pubic hair staging
		Know that vaginal bleeding in a girl with a sex maturity rating (Tanner) at stage 2 for breast development is not likely to represent menarche (menarche usually occurs in stage 4)
		Recognize the difference between Tanner stages 1 and 2 in males and in females
	www.ucihs.uci.edu /teachadolhealth/G&D.htm (702 words)

	Girls and Puberty - A Guide to Whats Normal
		For girls, Tanner staging is done to assess both breast and pubic hair changes.
		Sometimes the changes in these two areas are not at the same Tanner stage at the same time, and that is okay.
		This usually occurs between ages 7 to 13 and marks the transition to Tanner stage 2.
	www.keepkidshealthy.com /development/puberty_girls.html (722 words)

	Sexual Precocity in Boys: Accelerated Versus Slowly Progressive Puberty Gonadotropin-Suppressive Therapy and Final ...
		Of the 65 boys at Tanner stage 2 at diagnosis (21 CPP, 44 EP),
		stage 2 to 3 in the patients with an accelerated course, the BA/CA ratio was not markedly advanced in either CPP or EP patients.
		Tanner JM, Goldstein H, Whitehouse RH 1970 Standards for children’s height at age 2–9 yr allowing for height of parents.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/86/9/4127 (3987 words)

	Breast US in Children and Adolescents -- García et al. 20 (6): 1605 -- RadioGraphics
		Tanner stage II is clinically appreciated as a palpable subareolar
		Tanner stage IV is the phase of areolar mounding; it is very
		Tanner stage V describes the attainment of mature breast contour.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/20/6/1605 (2527 words)

	Effect of Puberty on the Relationship between Circulating Leptin and Body Composition -- HorlickK et al. 85 (7): 2509 ...
		FM at all Tanner stages in males and females.
		Tanner stages IV and V have significantly greater sc adipose
		I males (4.7 kg) and in Tanner stage I females (6.5 kg).
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/85/7/2509 (5893 words)

	Longitudinal Study on Pubertal Insulin Resistance -- Goran and Gower 50 (11): 2444 -- Diabetes
		stage III, followed by a recovery by Tanner stage V (3).
		Tanner stage was determined by a pediatrician and was based
		In summary, the pubertal transition from Tanner stage I to Tanner
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/50/11/2444 (5291 words)

	Using Genetic Admixture to Explain Racial Differences in Insulin-Related Phenotypes -- Gower et al. 52 (4): 1047 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		stage was determined through physical examination by a pediatrician.
		Tanner stage was modeled as a categorical variable in
		Tanner stage I) to a low of 7 (boys, Tanner stage V).
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/4/1047 (2794 words)

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