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	Eastern Book Company - Practical Lawyer
		Tanneries are significant to the Indian economy, due to the export earnings that they generate and the employment opportunities they provide for people of the economically weaker sections of society.
		However, during the issuance of the various directions in relation to the Kanpur tanneries and during the monitoring of the said directions, the scope of the petition was enlarged and the industries located in various cities on the banks of Ganga were called upon to stop discharging untreated effluent into the river.
		Either the tanneries were to be allowed to remain in their present locations but subject to the construction of a common effluent treatment plant;29 or they were to shift out to a new government-constructed leather complex, with all the facilities for treating the effluents.
	www.ebc-india.com /lawyer/articles/718.htm (4692 words)

	India -- M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, WP 3727/1985 (1996.12.19) (Tanneries Case: Calcutta) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We reiterate that after the treatment plan is constructed and the tanneries are shifted to the new complex, 'effluent charge' shall be levied on the tanneries for reimbursing the amount spent on the common effluent treatment plants in a phased manner.
		The notices served on the tanneries and published in the newspapers stated that all the Calcutta tanneries should approach the State Government for allotment of plots in the new integrated leather complex by 15-5-1995 failing which such tanneries shall be liable to be closed without any further reference.
		A tannery may have set up the necessary pollution control device at present, but it shall be liable to pay for the past pollution generated by the said tannery which has resulted in the environmental degradation and suffering to the residents of the area.
	www.elaw.org /resources/text.asp?id=1043 (9187 words)

	Economic Development of the City of Santa Cruz 1850-1950: Industrial Development: Tanneries
		The four tanneries were part of the industrial expansion of the County during the 1860s and 70s and became known for both the quality and quantity of the leather produced.
		Fifty men were employed in the tannery along with additional crews and teams that hauled 2,500 cords of tan bark a year from forests of the Santa Cruz mountains.
		The scarcity of tan bark and the pressures of competition caused the tannery to change its method from vegetable tanning to the use of chrome as the principal tanning agent.
	scplweb.santacruzpl.org /history/work/edindtan.shtml (2409 words)

	Pakistan's Leather Industry
		The increase of tanneries in Pakistan is causing severe environmental degradation as the untreated effluent used in the tanning process is released into nearby water reservoirs and the sea.
		Very few of the tanneries have any type of waste treatment facility and this runoff is released into the nearest drain (most likely an open one) or body of water such as the sea or a river.
		Due to the increase in river pollution from the tanneries, and therefore tainting the available water resources for the fishponds, the project to alleviate the strain being place on the coastal marine life is not likely to be a success.
	www.american.edu /TED/leather.htm (1976 words)

	Social and economic cost of tanneries
		A sinister collusion between tanneries and poultry farmers is posing grave danger to the health and the lives of millions of unsuspecting chicken lovers in Karachi.
		Putting the number of tanneries at Korangi at 170, a figure which is put twice that much by the independent observers, he said that they cumulatively generate a solid waste which fluctuates between 95 tonnes to 200 tonnes a day depending on the season.
		The untreated waste from the tanneries adversely affect the fertility of the soil and causes land pollution due to presence of untreated effluents and sludge.
	www.pakistaneconomist.com /issue2000/issue43/i&e4.htm (1355 words)

	Tanneries in Potter County, PA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tanneries in Potter County, PA Tanneries in Potter County, PA Tanneries in Pennsylvania date to 1812.
		Gale from boyhood was identified with the leather business and after considerable successful experience in that line, he located the tannery in Galeton in 1880, one of the largest in the United States.
		Hammond Tannery, the stop west of Coudersport on the Coudersport and Port Allegany Railroad, was constructed in 1880 by Francis Hammond and it used his name until 1890 when it was sold to the Hoyt Brothers.
	www.eg.bucknell.edu /~hyde/potter/tanneries.html (353 words)

	Hands On: Hell for Leather - Pakistan
		There are around 600 tanneries located mainly on the eastern fringes of Pakistan and it is estimated that over one million people, including small-scale enterprises, depend on this sector for their livelihood.
		Leather tanneries in Pakistan produce three categories of waste: wastewater, solid waste and air emissions, of which wastewater is by far the most important environmental challenge.
		Although the exact quantity varies widely between tanneries, a normal requirement of around 50-60 litres of water per kilogram of hide is suggested.
	www.tve.org /ho/doc.cfm?aid=899 (1771 words)

	The Hindu : Tamil Nadu News : State poised to move towards zero discharge from tanneries
		With Tamil Nadu having the largest cluster of tanneries and leather processing units in the country — of 2,500 tanneries in the country, nearly 900 are in the State — the Board has been waging a battle with the industry.
		Tannery effluents, containing high concentrations of chrome, chlorides and sulphides and other total dissolved solids, are known to have the worst possible impact on the environment, especially water bodies, apart from causing soil salinity.
		No new licences have been issued for tanneries in the State after 1996, when the Supreme Court ordered the closure of 162 tanneries in Vellore in a case filed by the Vellore Citizens' Forum.
	www.hindu.com /2005/06/04/stories/2005060405120300.htm (550 words)

	Project to Check tanneries pollution -DAWN - National; April 24, 2002
		The Kasur Tanneries Pollution Control Project has been prepared with the collaboration of the UNDP and the UNIDO to combat the pollution created by over 230 tanneries in the city.
		Most tanneries are located around the Kasur city and along the Kasur-Deparlpur Road.
		A survey was conducted and the Kasur Tannery Pollution Control Project was designed to treat 13,000 cubic metre daily in full capacity and 9,000 cubic metre on the average.
	www.dawn.com /2002/04/24/nat1.htm (522 words)

	No step taken to check tanneries’ pollution -DAWN - National; March 26, 2006
		SIALKOT, March 25: Tanneries are wreaking havoc in the district as no practical steps have yet been taken by the federal, provincial and district governments to control environment pollution.
		More than 264 small and medium sized tanneries have been set up in the district and more units are expected to be established in the near future.
		The tanneries and leather manufacturing units along Sialkot-Sambrial Road are at the top of the list of environment polluters as there is no proper outlet for disposal of poisonous chemical water and it has assumed the shape of a pond.
	www.dawn.com /2006/03/26/nat25.htm (492 words)

	Renseignements internationaux - POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR TANNERIES INDUSTRY
		The characteristics of the wastewater from the tanneries are complex.
		However, the actual TDS in the tannery effluents is often very high in the range of 8,000 to 12,000 mg/liter.
		Tanneries in India are required to comply with the regulations of the CPCB and concerned State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB).
	strategis.ic.gc.ca /epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/fr/gr-98189f.html (4111 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : Ambur, Vaniyambadi tanneries to use recycled water
		Tanneries in Ambur and Vaniyambadi - in the northern part of Tamil Nadu - are to be connected to a modern water recycling facility that will help them reuse water from the common effluent treatment plants (CETP).
		A membrane bioreactor system, a technology proven to be effective in removing organic pollutants and suspended solids from tannery effluent, will first involve a pilot project which will then be extended to a commercial scale of about 7,500 million litres a day.
		For the tanneries, which need to move to zero liquid discharge within two years according to a directive of the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, the water recycling facility is a crucial requirement.
	www.blonnet.com /2006/04/24/stories/2006042400601500.htm (610 words)

	3. TANNERIES
		In most cases raw hides produced at slaughterhouses are preserved by pickling and drying for transport to tanneries and further treatment.
		No explanation is given for the differences between the figures of UNIDO (table 15) and the figures of the Italian tannery (annex 1).
		An important part of the air pollution by leather tanneries is caused by the need for energy.
	www.fao.org /WAIRDOCS/LEAD/X6114E/x6114e05.htm (2176 words)

	UNIDO - India: Treatment of Tannery Effluents in Tamil Nadu State (success story)
		Control pollution emanating from tannery clusters in the state of Tamil Nadu through the introduction of cleaner tanning technologies and effluent treatment facilities.
		Pollution becomes acute when tanneries are concentrated in clusters in arid areas, as in the case in Tamil Nadu.
		An effluent treatment plant with a capacity of 100 cubic metres daily, located in an isolated wet blue tannery in Kannivakkam, 30 kilometres from Madras, was fully upgraded.
	www.unido.org /doc/3638 (532 words)

	TanneriesBSP - Debian Wiki
		The autonomous space "Les Tanneries" is also a place where various social and political activities are organized: a free shop, an alternative library, and the pRiNT hacklab are available during public openings; collectives have meetings; bands do rehearsals; people spend time gardening; and other activities -- gigs, debates, performances -- are regularly organized on evenings.
		The Tanneries project is also about developing anti-authoritarian practice and self-organization: decisions are taken by consensus among people involved, without the need for any sort of authority.
		The Tanneries' inhabitants are vegetarians or vegans because of an ethical choice against animal suffering.
	wiki.debian.org /TanneriesBSP (915 words)

	UNIDO - FEATURE: Nepalese Tanneries Boost without Polluting the Environment
		Through the establishment of model demonstration chrome recovery and tannery effluent treatment plants in Birgunj, where 10 out of 16 tannery units are located, environmental degradation caused by the tanning industry was minimized, without undue economic burden.
		Most of the tanneries are specialized in processing goatskins, only some in buffalo and cow hides.
		A chrome recovery unit was a common facility, capable of treating all chrome liquor from Birgunj tanneries, thus helping the tanners to deal effectively with a major pollutant.
	www.unido.org /doc/4544 (757 words)

	Fishing and Tanneries Market in Canada — Backbone to Canadian Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The report prepared by RNCOS on Fishing and Tanneries Market in Canada clearly reveals the facts about the Canadian economy’s dependence on the fishing industry.
		Most Canadians earn their bread and butter from the fishing and tanneries market in the country.
		Overall, the report Canadian Fishing and Tanneries by RNCOS analyzes the current and projected sales performance up till 2007 in the markets for generic and organic seafood, salmon, smolts, broodstocks, and larvae production in marine processing.
	www.marketsmonitor.com /category/IM003.html (601 words)

	The Hindu : Crackdown on tanneries planned
		There are 1,589 tanneries across the country with the highest 833 in Tamil Nadu, followed by 361 in West Bengal, 188 in Uttar Pradesh, 79 in Punjab, 33 in Maharashtra and 18 in Haryana.
		These fall under the ``red category'' of industries as tannery wastes (followed by distilleries and pulp and paper) have the worst environmental impact on water bodies.
		But used for polishing and softening leather, chrome, a lethal tannery waste is directly discharged into surrounding water bodies from the tannery units, polluting lakes and rivers.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2000/07/01/stories/02010008.htm (489 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News
		Chemically treated discharge from tanneries at Ramdaspura Mohalla in Nangal village, near here, has been playing havoc with the lives of humans and livestock for the past many years.
		He said earlier there were over 130 tanneries in the village and now these had been reduced to 30.
		Mr Rakesh Kumar, a tannery owner, claimed: “There was no residential area when the tanneries were set up.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2006/20060102/main6.htm (293 words)

	United Nations Earth Summit+5 Success Stories - Joint Wastewater Treatment Plants and Tanneries in Bangkok
		A group of 80 tanneries in Bangkok jointly set up their own wastewater treatment plant to reduce the environmental hazards of chromium-filled wastewater.
		Wastewater from the tanneries is piped into five large cement ponds for the primary sedimentation period.
		The Tannery cooperative charges each tannery a wastewater treatment fee, calculated from the weight of the raw hides brought in by each tannery, approx.
	www.un.org /esa/earthsummit/tannery.htm (278 words)

	Closure of polluting tanneries imminent-Lucknow-Cities-NEWS-The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mishra,who arrived here on Sunday to hold a meeting with the officers of pollution control board and the district authorities,said that tanneries with more than 50 hides capacity per day must install chromium treatment plant at their premises or face closure.
		Mishra informed that there were about 116 big tanneries in Jajmau area out of which 42 had installed chromium treatment plant and 11 tanneries were in the process of installing it.
		About 70 per cent cost of this plant would be given by the state and Central governments and rest 30 per cent cost would be borne by the tanneries.He also informed that environment ministry has issued closure units to ten leather units which were polluting Ganga in Jajmau.
	timesofindia.indiatimes.com /cms.dll/articleshow?art_Id=17402971 (301 words)

	The Leather Group - TANNERIES
		TLG represents the finest tanneries through-out the world for our customers producing footwear in Asia, North America, Latin America and Europe.
		Star is one of the leading tanneries in Mexico.
		Recently opening a new tannery in Northern China in order to better service its customers, SYL recognizes the value of location as lead times are getting shorter and shorter.
	www.theleathergroup.com /tanneries.html (272 words)

	Espace autogéré des Tanneries
		Les Tanneries sont nées d'un triple projet: celui d'un lieu de vie collective auto-organisé par ses habitant·e·s, celui d'un espace d'activités publiques non-marchandes et subversives, celui d'un endroit ressource pour initiatives anticapitalistes et anti-autoritaires.
		Les Tanneries sont aussi le fruit d'années de lutte contre les tentatives d'expulsion et autres menaces que les municipalités successives ont fait peser sur le lieu.
		Les Tanneries proposent régulièrement des activités publiques, ouvertes à tou·te·s les intéressé·e·s: des concerts aux ateliers d'initiation à l'informatique libre, en passant par divers débats politiques, projections de cinéma indépendant, pièces de théâtre, chantiers de construction et autres évènements militants.
	squat.net /tanneries (388 words)

	Tanneries and the environment - Articles - From Animal Defenders of Westchester - We advocate on all animal protection ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tanneries and the environment - Articles - From Animal Defenders of Westchester - We advocate on all animal protection and exploitation issues, including experimentation, factory farming, rodeos, breeders and traveling animal acts
		The report outlines the systematic measures that can be taken to reduce the environmental impact in tanneries.
		It discusses such important issues as siting of installations, cleaner production technologies and their correct operation, methods of minimizing, recycling and recovery of waste material, effective means of treatment and disposal of residuals, the prevention of industrial spillages, and protection against workplace hazards.
	www.all-creatures.org /adow/art-tanneries.html (213 words)

	Tanning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Indeed, tanning by ancient methods is so foul smelling that tanneries are still isolated from those towns today where the old methods are used.
		Once the hair was removed, tanners would bate the material by pounding dung into the skin or soaking the skin in a solution of animal brains.
		Dog faeces was the preferred dung and child dung gatherers were a common sight in ancient cities (as were street corner "piss-pots", where human urine could be collected for use in tanneries and also by washerwomen).
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Tanning (746 words)

	Specialty Leather Processors - Ostrich, Emu and other exotic leathers (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Customers and tannery must work as a team as fine leathers come from the highest quality hides and skins.
		The finish used has no dye in it, and is applied simply to provide protection to the leather, and to give it its shine and feel.
		Variations in luster and feel are possible as long as ample communication and sampling is done so that both the customer and the tannery understand exactly what is requested.
	www.specialtyleather.com.cob-web.org:8888 (1591 words)

	Tanneries scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tanneries scandal was an scandal implicating the government of the Province of Quebec, which led to the resignation of Conservative premier, Gédéon Ouimet, in September 1874.
		In July 16, 1874, the Montreal Herald announced that the provincial government had exchanged land at Les Tanneries (now the Saint-Henri district of Montreal) worth over $200,000 for a farm on the Coteau Saint-Pierre of west Montreal valued at less than $40,000.
		An organizer for the Conservative party, Arthur Dansereau, was alleged to have received $85,000 in commissions in the deal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tanneries_scandal (305 words)

	Tanneries- Marrakesh, Morocco - VirtualTourist.com
		The man we were talking to led us away from the tanneries and up some obscure stairs, then onto a terrace with the coolest old tile floor to look at the leather workers in action from above.
		He explained the process of softening the leather and whatnot and I decided I'd not be buying a single leather piece while there.
		Directions: The tanneries were a far trek beyond the Musee de Marrakesh to the edge of the Medina with views of Le Palmeraie over the rampart walls.
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Africa/Morocco/Wilaya_de_Marrakech/Marrakesh-2111278/Things_To_Do-Marrakesh-Tanneries-BR-1.html (418 words)

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