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Topic: Tap consonant

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Tap or flap consonant

List of consonants

Table of consonants

Voiced implosive consonant

Anthropological linguistics

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	Geminate Encyclopedia Article @ Thereupon.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In phonetics, consonant length is when a spoken consonant is pronounced for an audibly longer period of time than a short consonant.
		In written language, consonant length is often indicated by writing a consonant twice ("ss", "kk", "pp", and so forth), but can also be indicated with a special symbol, such as the shadda in Arabic, or small tsu in Japanese.
		However, consonant digraphs are used in English to indicate the preceding vowel is a 'lax' vowel, while a single letter often allows a 'tense' vowel to occur.
	www.thereupon.org /encyclopedia/Geminate (992 words)

	Nasal Consonant Encyclopedia Article @ Canst.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.
		When a language is claimed to lack nasal consonants altogether, as with several Niger-Congo languages, or the Pirahã language of the Amazon, nasal and non-nasal consonants usually alternate allophonically, and it is a theoretical claim on the part of the individual linguist that the nasal version is not the basic form of the consonant.
		However, several of the Chimakuan, Salish, and Wakashan languages surrounding Puget Sound, such as Quileute, Lushootseed, and Makah, are truly without any nasalization at all, in consonants or vowels, except in special speech registers such as baby-talk or the archaic speech of mythological figures (and perhaps not even that in the case of Quileute).
	www.canst.net /encyclopedia/Nasal_consonant (882 words)

	Art of Cueing: Preliminaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Consonant are cued with handshapes and vowels with hand placements.
		Eight handshapes and four placements are sufficient to represent the twenty-five consonants and fifteen vowels that occur in English because cues are used in conjunction with speechreading; cues need only distinguish between phonemes that look the same on the lips.
		An entire utterance is cued by mentally dividing it into consonant-vowel pairs and then forming the consonant's handshape while moving the hand to the vowel's placement for each pair.
	web7.mit.edu /CS/Art/Prelim.html (1142 words)

	Flap consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the tongue) is thrown against another.
		The main difference between a flap and a stop consonant is that in a flap, there is no buildup of air pressure behind the place of articulation, and consequently no release burst.
		The flap and tap consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flap_consonant (858 words)

	Stop Consonant Encyclopedia Article @ Canst.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Several of the Consonants, geminate, and [h] languages around lack Russian.
		The closest examples in English are consonant clusters such as the [nd] in candy, but many languages have prenasalized stops that behave as single consonants.
		There are a series of stops in voice onset time, sometimes written with the IPA symbol for ejectives, which are produced using "Flaps/Tap", meaning there is increased contraction of the glottis than for normal production of voiceless stops.
	www.canst.net /encyclopedia/Stop_consonant (1228 words)

	Whose Clues?
		Say "This consonant is in the initial position and makes the sound /l/." Write the correct response "l" on the first line.
		Continue with, "This consonant is in the medial position and makes the sound /m/." Write the correct response "m" on the second line.
		Teacher observation as students orally respond to the initial, medial, and final consonant sounds.A checklist is used to indicate those students correctly identifying initial, medial, and final consonant sounds.
	www.glc.k12.ga.us /BuilderV03/LPTools/LPShared/lpdisplay.asp?LPID=14011 (925 words)

	Stanford Linguistics Colloquium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Restrictions on consonant harmony are usually accounted for in terms of transparency of intervening vowels to the consonant feature being spread: If the vowel is specified for the feature, spreading is blocked; if it is not specified, spreading is possible.
		Shaw 1991 argues that consonant harmony in labial and dorsal features is impossible because vowels are generally specified for these features.
		A more satisfactory account of restrictions on consonant harmony can be derived from the hypothesis that assimilation is strictly local, so intervening vowels are not transparent to consonant harmony, they undergo it.
	www-linguistics.stanford.edu /colloq/1996/1996jan19.html (407 words)

	Phonology
		The position of this obstruction and the manner in which it is effected are two of the main factors in the determination of the consonant’s acoustic properties.
		A consonant’s place of articulation is usually expressed in terms of the positions adopted by its articulators, i.e.
		We are now in a position to make an inventory of the main Kurdish consonant sounds, classifying them in each case in terms of their place and manner of articulation and whether or not they are voiced.
	www.kurdishacademy.org /english/phonology/consonants.html (420 words)

	Consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence.
		The word consonant comes from Latin and means "sounding with" or "sounding together," the idea being that consonants don't sound on their own, but occur only with a nearby vowel, which is the case in Latin.
		Consonant letters in the English alphabet are B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Z, and usually Y: The letter Y stands for the consonant [j] in "yoke" but for the vowel [ɪ] in "myth", for example.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Consonant (761 words)

	Phonemic Awareness and Phonics Lesson Plan 6 - Consonant Tt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Most often the /t/ sound in the initial, final, and medial positions is made by the consonant t as in tap, pot, and little.
		The use of the consonant t is consistent for the /t/ sound, although there are other letters and combinations of letters that also make the /t/ sound.
		Sometimes the consonant t is silent, for example, when it is the second t in words like little and bottle, and when it follows s and f in words like listen and soften.
	www.readinga-z.com /newfiles/phonics/lesson_06.html (182 words)

	Tap :: Dance : Gourt
		To tap a vessel containing molten metal is to remove the metal from the vessel, even if no valve as such is utilised in the process.
		Tap Academy Studio - Located in Santa Monica, California, the Tap Academy has the Los Angeles Westside's largest group of professional tap teachers under one roof.
		Tap City: The New York City Tap Festival - Tap City is an annual tap dance festival, celebrating the American tap heritage in its hometown, New York City.
	arts.gourt.com /Performing-Arts/Dance/Tap.html (1572 words)

	Language Log: METAL, MEDDLE, METTLE, MEDAL, ETC.
		Is it a tap, or a d, or a t, or sometimes a d and sometimes a t?
		I didn't expect the tap to be basic, because the English tap is usually assumed to secondary, a phonetic realization in a particular medial context from a basic /d/ or /t/ phoneme.
		But I've always wondered why those kids (who did not hear each other's pronunciations) were so consistent in replacing the tap with [t], which is less phonetically similar to the tap than [d] is: both [d] and the tap are voiced, and the [t] is voiceless.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/001819.html (548 words)

	Simplified Spelling Society : Discrimination learning.
		The first word, (consonant), is given in parentheses because it is sometimes but not always a requirement for this spelling pattern.
		The words at-had-tap-that fit the (consonant)-vowel-consonant pattern, and each of the words is pronounced with vowel /a/.
		In learning the at-rat-cap-bad category, the pupil must discriminate between the consonant boundaries - e.g., between the c /k/ and r /r/ initial consonants of cat and rat or between the t /t/ and p /p/ final consonants, of cat and cap.
	www.spellingsociety.org /bulletins/b83/summer/learning2.php (1942 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.1083: Textbooks, Adjectival noun-form, Tap and trill
		Alveolar taps and trills are [+consonant], [+sonorant], [-lateral], [-nasal] and (I think) [-continous].
		Some phonologist think that the trill is a [+tense] segment, and the tap is a [-tense] segment.
		In a tap, the speaker "moves the tongue"; in a trill, the airflow "moves the tongue".
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/9/9-1083.html (632 words)

	Stereophile: Antique Sound Lab Explorer 805 DT monoblock power amplifier
		All three transformer taps preserved absolute polarity, and the amplifier's input impedance remained close to the specified 100k ohms across the audioband.
		The wideband, unweighted signal/noise ratio (ref. 1W into 8 ohms from the 8 ohm tap) was a disappointing 54dB due to the presence of hum, which I could not eliminate with the top-panel trim pot.
		As expected, the Explorer's output impedances were high, at 7.2 ohms (16 ohm tap), 3.65 ohms (8 ohm tap), and 2 ohms (4 ohm tap).
	www.stereophile.com /tubepoweramps/304antique/index4.html (1644 words)

	HLW: Word Forms: Processes: Assimilation
		But notice that the change from an alveolar to a dental consonant should not interfere seriously with comprehension because the resulting sounds are quite similar to the original ones and because English has no dental stop or dental nasal phonemes that could be confused with the sounds that result.
		The difference is not very great since there is still a contact at the alveolar ridge (as well as voicing), but the contact in the case of the tap is made by a quick gesture of the tongue tip and the contact is very brief.
		Though we probably cannot call it assimilation because the oral cavity is open before and after the consonant and closed as the consonant is produced, this does appear to be a Speaker-oriented process.
	www.indiana.edu /~hlw/PhonProcess/assimilation.html (3809 words)

	Simplified Spelling Society : Category learning.
		Learning categories of word forms (e.g., at-hat versus ate-hate) encourages selective responses (e.g., is it at or ate?) to relevant stimuli (e.g., cat-cap-tap in which the vowel /a/ is followed by a consonant).
		Learning spelling patterns gives needed emphasis to the consonant boundary of a syllable, (e.g., teach, sky, eat) as well as to the vowel nucleus.
		This situation is in contrast to vowel generalizations: (rules) which direct attention primarily to the vowels; neglecting the consonant boundaries which require equal attention.
	www.spellingsociety.org /bulletins/b83/summer/learning1.php (921 words)

	Courage Software Thai Interactive Language Course Version 2 - Learn To Speak Thai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Although memorizing the class of each consonant is crucial, remember that these classes are only the first step in determining tone.
		Remember also that a syllable can have more than one consonant, and that these consonants can be in the form of a beginning and ending consonant.
		As you memorize the consonants, remember both the sound of the character in its initial and final syllable positions...
	www.couragesoftware.com /studyth.htm (399 words)

	Hausa Consonants
		These are produced by holding the tongue and/or lips in the position of the consonant for a longer period of time than for the corresponding simple consonants.
		This alternation is referred to by linguists as palatalization, that is the change of a sound to its "palatal" counterpart when occurring before the vowels i or e, which involve raising the tongue toward the palate.
		There are several differences in the pronunciation of consonants which distinguish speakers of different regions of the Hausa speaking area.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/aflang/Hausa/Pronunciation/consonants.html (1239 words)

	tap \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		The "tap, tap system" simply is repeated visualization of whatever one desires.
		Note: One method of tapping an optical fiber is to bend it to a relatively short radius, thus promoting radiation of a portion of the optical signal.
		tap to French tap to Italian tap to Spanish tap to Dutch tap to Portuguese tap to German tap to Russian tap to Japanese tap to Chinese (T) tap to Chinese (S) tap to Korean tap to Turkish tap to Hebrew tap to Additional tap to Croatian tap to Serbian tap to Swedish
	www.babylon.com /definition/tap/English (636 words)

	Phonetic Optimization: Compromise in Speech Production
		Formant transitions are the formant movements between consonants and vowels - the formants change as the articulators move from the position for the consonant to the position for the vowel.
		That is, the second formant at the consonant assimilates to that of the vowel.
		Where coda consonant is longer, as shown by the bottom panel, mean vowel duration is shorter, as shown by the corresponding column in the top panel.
	web.mit.edu /~flemming/www/paper/ot.html (6477 words)

	Tap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Telephone tapping, the monitoring of telephone conversations by a third party
		Tap (film), 1989 movie starring Gregory Hines and Sammy Davis Jr To tap a furnace containing molten metal is to remove the metal from the furnace, even if no valve as such is utilised in the process.
		Tap, one of two 1974 FIFA World Cup mascots.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tap (196 words)

	Stereophile: Music Reference RM-200 power amplifier
		The picture was similar with a 1kHz tone at 40W into 4 ohms (not shown), but halving the power to 20W dropped the higher harmonics to very low levels (fig.11).
		However, the fairly "soft" clipping behavior means that the definition of clipping must be relaxed to 3% THD for the RM-200 to give its specified power from the 4 ohm tap (into 4 and 2 ohm loads).
		However, because of the low turns ratio of this transformer tap, only moderate power is available at 1% THD+N: 62W into 8 ohms (11.9dBW), 39.5W into 4 ohms (13dBW), or 22.2W into 2 ohms (13.5dBW).
	www.stereophile.com /amplificationreviews/560/index7.html (665 words)

	Stops: timing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		One example is the kind of overlapping we have already seen between the closure phases of [p] and [t] in apt or [k] and [t] in doctor.
		It is usually treated as a minor type of constriction degree (alongside stop, fricative, etc.) and given a separate row in consonant charts.
		Even when the vocal cords fail to stop vibrating during the "voiceless" tap, this usually doesn't make the words identical in Canadian English: the secondary cues to consonant voicing are still there, e.g., effects on the pitch and length of the preceding vowel.
	www.umanitoba.ca /linguistics/russell/138/feb3/timing.htm (412 words)

	Chapter 2 Pre-Reading and Reading Activities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Prime your child to tap (with fingers, coin, etc..) every time they "catch you" saying a particular word or sound.
		Tap/ clap every time your hear the "s" sound; John bumps into the bean bag.
		The consonants are printed in fl and the vowels in red - one sound to a card.
	www.capousd.org /gwes/somodi/prerdg.html (1873 words)

	Think Mills(tm) -- Vocabulary Book
		A consonant is a sound that more or less "breaks" sounds made with an open mouth and throat.
		That is, double the final consonant when the word ends in only one vowel followed by only one consonant and the ending begins with (or is) a vowel.
		There is no need to double the final consonant of the root word when the ending to be added will not change the word's original vowel sound.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/richard_g_mills/vocablry.htm (1781 words)

	IPA consonant chart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Given that we need to answer seven questions to describe a consonant, a perfect consonant chart would need seven dimensions.
		For us mere mortals who can't handle seven-dimensional diagrams, the IPA consonant chart uses several tricks to squeeze the answers to all seven questions into two dimensions.
		Every last one of the consonants in the main chart uses the most common airstream mechanism -- the pulmonic mechanism, as indicated in the title of the chart, "Consonants (pulmonic)".
	www.umanitoba.ca /linguistics/russell/phonetics/ipa/ipa-consonants.html (385 words)

	Theory on Tap
		The rule is that closer the two keys or chords are on the circle, the more consonant it will sound.
		When analyzing real songs that include both major and minor chords it is most useful to use a circle which has a major chord and the relative minor at each position.
		The only thing that is jarring is the change in spelling, and if the musician is doing his or her job this is not audible.
	www.scroom.com /mus_lessons/tot.5.html (1564 words)

	All Kinds of Minds
		Let students practice counting syllables by clapping or using their fingers to tap out the number of different sounds, or phonemes, in a word.
		Provide reinforcement for learning consonant blends that are particularly challenging to students.
		game: Students make words by combining consonant blends and digraphs (consonant combinations that make a single sound, such as /sh/ and /th/) with a variety of word endings.
	www.allkindsofminds.org /learningBaseSubSkill.aspx?lbssid=15 (572 words)

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