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Topic: Tapa cloth

	Tapa cloth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tapa cloth (or simply tapa) is a bark cloth made in the islands of the Pacific Ocean, primarily in Tonga and Samoa, but as far afield as Java, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Hawaii.
		The cloth is known by a number of local names, although the term tapa is international and understood throughout the islands that use the cloth.
		The tapa sheet is put over the drum and the women now rub with force a dabber with some brown paint (made from the koka tree (bischofia javanica)) over the sheet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tapa_cloth (1440 words)

	Museum of Anthropology :: Collections - Siapo or “Tapa” Cloth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Tapa cloth is made by first stripping the outer bark of certain types of trees (in Samoa, most often the paper mulberry tree – “u’a” – is used), and then harvesting the soft, white inner bark that is exposed.
		Traditionally, a large piece of tapa cloth is manufactured at once (around 75 feet in length), and then later cut into smaller pieces as needed.
		In general, tapa cloths are designed and decorated with geometric interpretations of plants, fish, shells, and sometimes coats of arms.
	www.usu.edu /anthro/museum/collections/collections_tapa_cloth_a.htm (486 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Trout Gallery's tapa cloth allows us to examine the confluence of these cultures in a single object, a 158" x 70" rectangular wall hanging or table cloth that was created to commemorate the opening of the Queen Charlotte airport.
		The commemorative tapa cloth exemplifies this dichotomy with its blend of modern images, the airplanes, and traditional writing, all within an art form that has been preserved for centuries.
		Born of a specific commemoration--the opening of a new national airport--the Gallery's tapa cloth fuses the traditional geometric divisions and repeated patterns of Polynesian cloths with the modern symbol of international travel--the airplane.
	media.dickinson.edu /gallery/Sect1.html (1618 words)

	Tapa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The term "tapa," coined by European and American sailors of the early 19th century, is generally considered to be the universal term to describe the traditional bark cloth made on the Polynesian and Melanesian islands of the Pacific.
		Tapa cloth designs are pictured in the background on each stamp, one of which is shown on the bottom in Figure 5.
		A portrait of anthropologist Margaret Mead is flanked by a piece of tapa cloth (3184) on the 32¢ stamp in Figure 6.
	www.caratexstamps.com /Articles/tapa_Anderson.htm (1062 words)

	GMT GAMES: Project 500 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Tapa is made from the inner bark of the Paper Mulberry tree (broussonetia papyrifera).
		Then, on a long log, the tapa is stretched over a series of these design plates, and the tapa is rubbed with dye to stain the surface in areas where the design is raised.
		The resulting cloth, with the Tongan coat of arms, royal pine trees and the dove of peace emblazoned on its felty reddish surface, was fit for a king.
	www.gmtgames.com /nnconqpar/Tapa.html (457 words)

	Museum of Anthropology :: Collections - Tapa Cloth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Finally, when the tapa reached the desired thickness, a last beating was done with a pattern.
		The dyes used to paint the tapa cloth come from the bark and leaves of various trees, flowers and fruit.
		Tapa cloth was used for garments and bed clothing.
	www.usu.edu /anthro/museum/collections/collections_tapa_cloth_b.htm (263 words)

	Tikimaster.com TAPA CLOTH PAINTING - HAND MADE IN HAWAII
		Tapa is considered one of the greatest gifts to give or receive on occasions such as wedding, funerals, birthdays or births.
		Painted Tapa may be used to dress up a bride on her wedding day, or laid out for royalty to walk on, or simply as a blanket on cool nights.
		Tapa is made from the bark of the mulberry tree.
	www.tikimaster.com /category/05.4 (214 words)

	Iles Marquises : artisanat. Le tapa
		White tapas are made from the bark of mulberry tree(ute - broussoneta papyrifera), yellow tapas from bread fruit trees (tumu mei - artocarpus altilis)and brown/red tapas are made from the banyan tree(aoa - ficus prolixa).
		White tapa cloth was used by the highly ranked people, whereas the banyan tapa cloth was used mostly by priests.
		Traditionally, the tapa cloths were rarely decorated ; but generally stained with a yellow tint called eka (curcuma longa).Today tapas are used to draw various decorations inspired by motifs used in carving and tattooing.
	www.marquises.pf /2tapa.htm (211 words)

	Tapa cloth \| Science Buzz
		This bark cloth, or tapa (a Polynesian word) as it is commonly called has been used as clothing for kings and commoners, bedding, mosquito "netting", prized as a covering for representations of the gods, stockpiled as a measure of wealth and used as units of exchange.
		As opposed to bark cloth made by shredding or cutting strips of bark that are woven or plaited together, the manufacture of tapa involves beating the soft, moist bark sections to expand them into wider, thinner sheets.
		Decorating tapa cloth involves the use of various types of paints and dyes made from a wide range of natural materials including the spice turmeric, berries, leaves, sap, human blood, soot, and earthen pigments such as red ochre and various colored clays and mud.
	ltc.smm.org /buzz/museum/object/2004_05_tapa_cloth (392 words)

	Spurlock Museum: Collections
		A large tapa cloth was donated to the Museum in December of 2004 by Ethel Depper.
		Tapa cloth is a high quality bark cloth, a fabric made from the soft inner bark of trees found in the Pacific Islands.
		The cloth was produced in a traditional fashion, which currently is not being replicated in the tourist or foreign market, making it a valuable representation of an early production technique.
	www.spurlock.uiuc.edu /Collections/new/tapa.html (115 words)

	Tapa, Tapa cloth, siapo, Pacific art, Maori art, Isa Lei Tapa
		Tapa has always had an important part in the cultures and traditions of the Pacific Islands as a gift of high value on birthdays, marriages, deaths, and other related observances and events (which is accepted with great appreciation).
		Tapa Cloth is produced by hand beating of the inner strips from the bark of Paper Mulberry tree with a wooden mallet (on a stone/wooden base).
		Tapa making is a very time consuming process that only few people in the Pacific have the time, patience and expertise to produce.
	www.isaleitapa.com /catalog/index.php?cPath=21&osCsid=24f262e2ed8d64479e30466793857cdc (263 words)

	Samoan Tapa Cloth
		Samoan Tapa or Siapo Tasina from the early 20th century.
		This tapa has been decorated using a carved wooden design tablet or upeti, and the design repeated, the pattern is emphasized by much freehand overpainting, an unusual design.
		The design and fineness of the fabric is typical of early 20th Century Samoan tapa.
	www.tribalartgalerie.com /Tapa.html (72 words)

	Tapa Cloth
		The main use of bark cloth is for clothing.
		Bark cloth has not just been worn, however, but has also been used as a wrapping for the deceased, a dowry, a room partition, and a mosquito screen.
		The samples cover the many diverse uses, designs and styles of bark cloth, and are the result of a number of private collectors and colonial expeditions in the 19th century, from HRH the Duke of Edinburgh to the mutineers of the HMS Bounty.
	www.rbgkew.org.uk /collections/ecbot/BarkCloth.htm (510 words)

	TrekEarth \| Tongan Tapa Cloth Photo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Once the cloth is assembled, the women create the designs by rubbing brown dye into the surface by hand and then outlining the designs with fl dye.
		Tongan tapa cloths are still used as bed sheets, dividers for one-room houses, “red carpets” for chiefs, and as gifts to celebrants at ceremonial occasions.
		Tapa cloths are treasured objects, and for decades many Tongan families have kept their tapas that were made many years ago by their ancestors.
	www.trekearth.com /gallery/Oceania/New_Zealand/photo326590.htm (656 words)

	News and Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Tapa is part of the heritage, but it took a chance meeting between Tuita and social anthropologist Ping-Ann Addo at the Academy of Sciences in San Francisco to bring tapa to the East Bay.
		One walks away knowing that besides cloth, tapa is an art form and its creation a significant ritual in the community.
		Tapa is made by stripping the moist inner bark of the paper mulberry tree, cutting it into thin strips and soaking the pieces overnight, laying the pieces on flat logs and pounding the strips with wooden mallets until the bark is flattened into wide, flexible sheets.
	www.oaklandnet.com /parks/news/081704l.asp (747 words)

	Poly-Hut
		Islanders did not have written history so, tapa cloth was a way in which we could put down our traditional symbols that were important for us in the old days, just like singing and dancing.
		Also called bark cloth, tapa cloth holds a place of honor in traditional ceremonies such as marriage, birth, worship, and death ceremonies.
		Tapa making is still practiced in the islands and are sold to those overseas who continue to retain the traditional way of gift giving.
	groups.msn.com /PolyHut/tapa.msnw (759 words)

	Tapa Cloth. Bark cloth from the South Pacific. Polynesia and Melanesia.
		The bark is stripped from young saplings, and the white inner layers are peeled off for the tapa.
		Finally, after the tapa has dried, dark outlines and details are hand painted, using crude brushes made from sticks with frayed ends.
		In Tonga, bark cloth is called ngatu, in Samoa it is siapo, and in Fiji, masi.
	www.marlamallett.com /tapa.htm (360 words)

	Cloth articles on Encyclopedia.com
		Cloth of gold was woven on Byzantine looms from the 7th to
		Field of the Cloth of Gold FIELD OF THE CLOTH OF GOLD [Field of the Cloth of Gold] locality between Guines and Ardres, not far from Calais, in France, where in 1520 Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France met for the purpose of arranging an alliance.
		In the Middle Ages the leg was bound from the ankle to the knee with hides or cloth and then cross-gartered with thongs or strips of cloth; later a loose trouser, bound at the ankle, was worn.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Cloth (517 words)

	Barkcloth (tapa) (Art-Pacific.com: New Guinea tribal art and Indonesian folk art)
		Tapa makers in the Pacific range from select groups of royal Polynesian women, to village women in craft cooperatives, to a single Highland man beating out his hat.
		Tapa can be made as thin and fine as lace or layered into lengths with the consistency of thick felt.
		Plain tapa, sometimes bleached to pure whites, was often important in traditional Pacific island ceremonies, but it was seldom collected by outsiders.
	www.art-pacific.com /artifacts/nuguinea/barktapa.htm (762 words)

	LGD -Patterns of the Ancients
		When someone dies, tapa cloth would be presented with honours along with other symbols of wealth and generosity such as handwoven mats, large bundles of kava root, and livestock.
		The tapa cloth would be of high importance having been made, and patterns painted, with great care.
		Though each style of tapa cloth has its merits, its own beauty and importance to their individual cultures of Fiji and Tonga, it is the influence of modern economics and the tourism industry, especially in Fiji, that has begun to change the integral aesthetics of this traditional art form.
	www.lookinglassdesign.com /tapaaesthetics/patterns-p2.htm (645 words)

	Field Notes: Clothes Made from Bark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Back in the days when tapa was used for clothing, the women used the four different sides of their beaters to make four different patterns on the bark cloth.
		Most pieces of tapa art have elegant and detailed designs, which are very different from the simple patterns that used to be on the traditional clothing.
		Tapa is a tradition that almost died out hundred of years ago when the missionaries came to Polynesia.
	www.reachtheworld.org /fieldnotes/fn_pacific9.shtml (1126 words)

	Tapa, Elementary School Art, Manchester CT USA
		The manufacture of tapa cloth, made from the inner bark of certain trees, is one of the most intriguing products of the cultures of the Pacific islands.
		Tapa is the commonly used name for a variety of traditional textiles produced in the Polynesian and Melanesian island groups and made usually from the inner bark of the Paper Mulberry and Breadfruit trees.
		This tapa from The Kava Boutique (!) is made from mulberry bark which, after being peeled in long strips from the tree is scraped away from the white inner fibres.
	art-smart.ci.manchester.ct.us /artists/ar_tapa.html (1418 words)

	Pieces of Cloth, Pieces of Culture: Catalog and DVD - Center for Art and Public Life
		Authored by visiting scholar Dr. Ping-Ann Addo, the book features a catalog of 34 color plates of tapa cloth (bark cloth) and objects from the Pacific Islands, scholarly essays, and a highlight of the Bay Area Tongan women who worked to produce the first tapa cloth to be made in the United States.
		Chapter 4 concludes the book with a more in-depth discussion of what tapa cloth means to communities of Tongans who dwell both inside and outside the Kingdom of Tonga.
		Pieces of Cloth, Pieces of Culture: Tapa from Tonga and the Pacific Islands is a publication by the Center for Art and Public Life and the California Academy of Sciences' Department of Anthropology with guidance and input from the 'Otufelenite Tongan Community Group.
	center.cca.edu /community/visiting/tapa/catalogdvd.php (410 words)

	CWF - Siu Tuita
		Tapa cloths are treasured objects, and for decades many Tongan-American families have been keeping tapas brought with them from their native land.
		Although Tongans produce more tapa cloth than any other island nation in the Pacific, some of the techniques and the work songs are being lost due to the increasing rate of emigration from the island.
		The cloth will measure 15 by 15 feet when assembled, and the process will be introduced through lectures and demonstrations at several public events.
	www.creativeworkfund.org /pages/bios/siu_tuita.html (837 words)

	MFA - CAMEO - Material Description
		A thin, paper-like cloth made from the bark of the breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) or the paper mulberry tree (Broussonetia papyrifera) on the islands of the South Pacific.
		Stalks from the tree are cut and stripped of their outer bark, then the white inner bark is softened in water and pounded to a flat, thin sheet.
		Tapa is used for clothing, wall coverings, lamp shades, paper, and painting.
	www.mfa.org /_CAMEO/FRONTEND/material_description.asp?name=tapa&language=1 (117 words)

	tapa cloth for sale - 2nd cloths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Several locals have their beautiful handicrafts (tapa cloth, baskets, wood carvings and shell jewelry) on display and available for sale.
		Auckland Museum's collection of tapa cloth from around the Pacific is one of the most extensive in the world and it forms the basis of this comprehensive survey.
		Daniella gains her inspiration from Polynesian art forms (such as tapa cloth, Iavalava, Polynesian flora and fauna, and tatoo motifs) and from the Polynesian way of life.
	cloths.couchans.info /dir9/tapa-cloth-for-sale.html (640 words)

	Barkcloth Panel (Masi) [Fiji, Lau Islands, Naitauba] (1977.395.5) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Often referred to using the general term tapa, barkcloth is a clothlike material derived from the inner bark of certain species of tree.
		The finished tapa is decorated using techniques that vary from region to region.
		The repeating geometric motifs of many tapa cloths at times resemble those seen on pottery produced by the Lapita peoples, who were the ancestors of present-day Polynesians.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ho/11/ocp/hod_1977.395.5.htm (285 words)

	TIME Pacific Journey \| Tapa¹s New Beat \| August 20-27, 2001 \| NO. 33
		Harvested from the young bark of mulberry trees thought to have been brought by Asian voyagers 3,000 years ago, and patterned by plant dyes, tapa is the paint and canvas of Pacific creative expression.
		The colonial era that bark cloth helped usher in also led to a decline in its use, with printed cotton and appliqué quilts replacing tapa in many Pacific ceremonies.
		Yet in Tonga, the beating of bark cloth is louder than ever; the tap, tap, tap of mallet on anvil as omnipresent as the tolling of church bells.
	www.time.com /time/pacific/magazine/20010820/theartst.html (1134 words)

	Treasures of the South Seas(Jack London Ranch Album)
		In December, when exploring the Typee Valley, Charmian was determined to find the tapa cloth that Melville described one of his maiden wearing.
		She asked the mistress of the house if there was any of the old tapa cloth left on the island.
		After the pulpy substance thus made is pounded into "cloth" it is laid over a board carved in one of the patterns particular to siapos.
	www.jacklondons.net /tapa_cloth.html (457 words)

	Tikimaster.com TAPA CLOTH HAWAIIAN QUILT BREAD FRUIT - 11 X 14 PAINTING
		Here is a beautiful, hand made, tapa cloth depicting a Hawaiian quilt design with powerful and meaningful design around it.
		The Tapa cloth framable area with the mat as seen on the picture measures 11 X 14 inches.
		We highly recommend to frame the Tapa cloth with a wooden frame.
	tikimaster.zoovy.com /product/TAPA41 (73 words)

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