
	Where results make sense

Topic: Tapetum lucidum

Related Topics

Eye

Choroid

Human eye

Optic fovea

Aqueous humour

Retina

Pupil

Eye contact

Cat

Bottlenose Dolphin

Carnivore

Cetacea

Blue Morpho

Teleost

Penguin

In the News (Mon 30 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Keiko and Katie’s Tapetum Page
		The tapetum is a special, highly reflective membrane layer in the back of an animals' eye, located behind the retina.
		Since the tapetum is a highly reflective surface, the light that reaches it reflects right back at the retina, doubling the amount of light perceived by the retina.
		However, the tapetum is not only used to improve animals' vision at night or in low light areas, but it also can shift wavelength for the sensitivity of the rod photoreceptors, thus enhancing the contrast.
	www.sfds.net /Academics/Student_Projects/2001-2002/8th_Grade_Cow_Eye_Dissection/tapetum1_w.html (534 words)

	What do dogs see? A review of Vision in dogs
		The tapetum lucidum is a highly reflective layer of cells located behind the photoreceptors in the canine retina.
		In other species, it has been shown that the tapetum lucidum shifts the wavelength (via fluorescence) of the reflected light to more closely match the optimal wavelength for the sensitivity of the rod photoreceptors, thus enhancing contrast.
		The tapetum lucidum is located in the top half of the dog's retina (termed the tapetal area of the retina); the bottom half of the dog's retina is composed of the tapetum nigrum, a layer of darkly pigmented cells that is not reflective.
	psychlops.psy.uconn.edu /eric/class/dogvision.html (2658 words)

	Tapetum lucidum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An excellent example of the reflectivity of the tapetum lucidum.
		It is therefore primarily found in nocturnal animals with good night vision, such as cats.
		"Comparative morphology of the tapetum lucidum (among selected species)", Veterinary Ophthalmology 2004 Jan–Feb;7(1):11–22.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tapetum_lucidum (286 words)

	The last word... - Page 329 - FutureQuest Community
		The tapetum lucidum, located behind the retina, is composed of fifteen layers of special glittering cells of the substance guanine.
		The tapetum lucidum reflects any light that is not absorbed as light passes through the retina of the eye.
		Another consequence of the tapetum lucidum is that it causes the cat's eyes to shine in dim light, when the light hits the eyes at certain angles.
	www.aota.net /forums/showthread.php?p=152210 (620 words)

	Howstuffworks "Why do people have red eyes in flash photographs?"
		In many animals, including dogs, cats and deer, the retina has a special reflective layer called the tapetum lucidum that acts almost like a mirror at the backs of their eyes.
		This provides a mirrorlike surface, the tapetum lucidum, which reflects light outward and thereby allows a second chance for its absorption by visual pigments at very low light intensities.
		Humans don't have this tapetum lucidum layer in their retinas.
	science.howstuffworks.com /question51.htm (417 words)

	Why do a cat's eyes shine in the dark?, The luminous appearance of a cat's eyes in the dark is due to the reflection of ...
		The luminous appearance of a cat's eyes in the dark is due to the reflection of light by the tapetum lucidum...
		The luminous appearance of a cat's eyes in the dark is due to the reflection of light by the tapetum lucidum, which is part of the membranous layer between the retina and the outer covering of the pupils of the eyes.
		It is the tapetum lucidum that enables members of the feline family and other nocturnal animals to see even when there is very little light.
	www.4to40.com /earth/science/print.asp?article=earth_science_catseyesshine (262 words)

	Ask A Scientist - Animal eye reflectivity
		The enhanced reflectiveness of the nocturnal eye is the result of a special reflective surface behind the retina called the tapetum (or tapetum lucidum).
		The tapetum of fish and crocodiles is composed of guanine crystals.
		The tapetum of most mammals, including deer, is composed of a layer of reflective connective tissue.
	www.hhmi.org /cgi-bin/askascientist/highlight.pl?kw=&file=answers/structure/ans_009.html (503 words)

	Love me Tender siamesuppfödning - Siames och Foreign White.
		Pigment anomalies of the eyes can be seen by the lack of tapetum lucidum in the eyes By breeding Siamese blue eyes into dominant white cats an attempt has been made to push aside the deafness.
		The tapetum lucidum has a dominant role in the eyesight of the cat in dusk and dark.
		Sometimes the lack of tapetum lucidum can be seen with the naked eye by the wider opening of one eye or a slight difference in colour.
	www.siamese.se /docs/foreignwhite/en_byhettyberntrop.htm (2174 words)

	SHARKS & RAYS - Senses
		The eye has a layer of reflecting plates called tapetum lucidum behind the retina.
		The tapetum lucidum of a shark is twice as effective as that of a cat.
		In bright light, pigments temporarily cover and block the tapetum to prevent eye damage from intense light.
	www.seaworld.org /animal-info/info-books/sharks-&-rays/senses.htm (853 words)

	Re: Why do the eyes of cat's and dogs change color when photografed?
		The tapetum lucidum (or "bright carpet") is a layer of cells behind the rod and cone layer of the retina.
		As the dog matures, the color of the tapetum changes from slate gray to violet to red-orange at about 4 months of age.
		In man and other animals without a reflective tapetum, the back of the eye is pigmented to absorb of light once it passes the rods and cones.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/may97/863469939.Zo.r.html (271 words)

	The Straight Dope Mailbag: Why do dogs' and cats' eyes shine? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Cats' and deer's (and other nocturnal animals') eyes shine because of a special irridescent layer called the tapetum lucidum, behind the retina and around the optic nerve, that acts like a mirror.
		Light passing into the cat's eyeball bounces offf the tapetum lucidum, giving the animal the ability to reflect (within its own eye) what little light is incoming, thus allowing it see in near darkness.
		The eyes shine at night because that's when the pupils are dilated wide enough for the tapetum lucidum to be visible.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/meyeshin.html (276 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The role of cyclic AMP in the control of elasmobranch ocular tapetum lucidum pigment granule migration.
		We have studied the effect of adding cAMP to dogfish ocular tapetum lucidum tissue maintained in vitro.
		The results of this and previously published studies indicate that the processes of pigment aggregation and dispersal in vivo are under the control of the neural retina through the probable mediation of either hormonal or direct neural communication.
	www.webcom.com /aheath/tapetum.html (179 words)

	Bigfoot: Eye Shine, Why and How by Craig Heinselman, Cryptozoologist 1999
		This bounce back of the tapetum lucidum is what appears as the "eye shine" in these animal species.
		To adapt to the insufficient light some species have the tapetum lucidum to allow for enhancement of the light.
		If humans and great apes possess color vision, to some extent, but do not posses a tapetum lucidum, and it is extracted that Bigfoot is a type of primate akin to a great ape or human, then the correlation to these primates can be loosely made.
	www.bigfootencounters.com /biology/eyeshine.htm (1930 words)

	Biology 119 - COW EYEBALL DISSECTION IMAGES
		The right section is the back of the eye showing the choroid and the reflective tapetum lucidum.
		The retina has been pulled aside is visible as the beige material in the left of that section.
		The macular lutea region is visible above the optic disc as thinner area of the retina and behind it is a small gap in the reflective tapetum lucidum.
	faculty.washington.edu /kepeter/119/images/cow_eye_dissections.htm (324 words)

	Nocturnal eyes: How do animals see in the dark?
		It is the tapetum lucidum (meaning "bright carpet"), an adaptation for night vision.
		The tapetum is a thick reflective membrane, 15 cells wide, directly beneath the retina.
		As this light is reflected off the tapetum, the animal's eyes appear to glow.
	ebiomedia.com /gall/eyes/nocturnal.html (815 words)

	Vision
		Another special feature of the shark's eye is a structure found behind the retina called the tapetum lucidum.
		This structure greatly enhances vision in dim light, since light that enters the eye is reflected back to the retina by the tapetum lucidum to enhance the picture.
		For sharks that hunt during the day the extra light reflected by the tapetum back to the retina could be harmful and so the reflecting plates of the tapetum are covered by the dark pigments contained by the melanoblasts.
	www.sharkology.com /vision.html (482 words)

	Anomalist Feature: Mothman's Eyes
		Cats, partly due to the tapetum lucidum, can see clearly in just 1/6th the amount of light humans need.
		In many animals, (including dogs, cats and deer) the retina has a special reflective layer (using platelets of guanine crystals) called the tapetum lucidum (a Latin term that translates as "bright carpet") that acts almost like a mirror at the backs of their eyes.
		The tapetum lucidum gives walleyes a built-in survival advantage: they can see well in dim light, but their prey cannot.
	www.anomalist.com /features/motheyes.html (1403 words)

	Walleye Fishing Canada
		The walleye has a membrane called the tapetum lucidum behind its retina.
		The sole purpose of the tapetum is to reflect and gather light.
		It is this membrane that makes the walleye such a formidable predator fish by allowing it to see in light conditions that other fish cannot.
	www.freshwater-fishing-canada.com /walleyefishingcanada.html (687 words)

	Never Too Old To Learn: Tapetum Lucidum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The tapetum lucidum (“bright carpet” in Latin) is an extra layer of tissue behind the retina of most nocturnal animals.
		The tapetum lucidum reflects the light back to the retina, which is useful for night vision as it allows the eyes to process information not taken into account the first time the light passed through the eye.
		When a light is shone at them, different animals’ eyes usually reflect different colours because of eye pigment variations between the different species.
	never-too-old-to-learn.blogspot.com /2006/08/tapetum-lucidum.html (183 words)

	Purina Cat Chow: Cat Care Center: Physical
		Just behind the retina in a cat’s eye is a structure called the tapetum lucidum.
		The tapetum lucidum is responsible for the shiny reflection when a cat is caught in the headlights.
		Cats with green eyes have a very prominent tapetum, but cats with blue eyes or light color eyes may not have a very reflective tapetum.
	catchow.com /catcarecenter_physical3.aspx?combinedID=21477 (235 words)

	Animal Planet :: Cat Guide -- Body -- Seeing
		Shine a light on a cat in a darkened room or look at a photograph of a cat taken with a flash and you'll observe the eerie green or yellow glow reflecting from its eyes.
		Not visible in normal conditions, the tapetum lucidum appears only when light is aimed directly into the animal's eyes.
		A cat's vision is sharpest between 2 and 3 feet from its face, and its focus is on the center of what the cat observes rather than on the entire landscape.
	animal.discovery.com /guides/cats/body/seeing.html (259 words)

	Interesting tidbit regarding eye shine, and primate evolution - Bigfoot Forums
		Its eyes are not reported as being particularly large, but the animal itself being very large, its eyes, even if similar in proportions to other apes like humans, would presumably gather more light, and thus be more effective in the dark.
		This of course does not explain the reports of eye shine, but i think in light of the lack of tapetum lucidum in primates going back at least 60 million years, it makes me more skeptical of reports of eye shine in Sasquatch.
		Obviously, it is possible that Sasquatch somehow regained or separately re-evolved the tapetum lucidum, but it does raise eyebrows considering that in many millions more years than the Sasquatch has even existed for (again, presuming it is an ape), other nocturnal primates have been unable to.
	www.bigfootforums.com /index.php?showtopic=15734 (803 words)

	SDNHM: Local Eyes
		Its eyes have many rod cells, which work in dimly lit environments.
		Behind the retina of each eye is a reflective membrane called the tapetum lucidum.
		The tapetum lucidum reflects light back through the retina, giving it a second chance to absorb the light.
	www.sdnhm.org /kids/eyes/local-seal.html (121 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)