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	Conquistadors - North America
		Today the Tarahumara are the second largest surviving native Indian group, with a population of between 50,000 to 70,000 people.
		Just as then, the Tarahumara Indians live in naturally cool caves under cliffs, and in small stone or wood cabins in isolated areas of Copper Canyon in northwest Mexico.
		The name Tarahumara means "foot runners." They say, "Our children run before they walk; it is more natural in the sierra because of the great distances." Also, the Tarahumara are very religious and private and believe in the morality of "walking straight, correctly," fully aware of the responsibilities of what they do.
	www.pbs.org /opb/conquistadors/namerica/adventure1/b8.htm (223 words)

	Running Feet
		The Tarahumara indians are part of the Uto-Aztecan indian lineage and are closely related to the Apaches of the Southwestern United States.
		The Tarahumara take cooperative farming to the extreme and agriculture is a project for the entire village.(Welker 2) They consume livestock for meat but mostly use it as a source of fertilizer.
		The Tarahumara consider being into xicated a matter of pride and are not at all ashamed to be drunk.
	www.lehigh.edu /~dmd1/art.html (3013 words)

	[No title]
		Although the majority of the Tarahumara have been Christianized to some degree, they have also tended to be a highly conservative people.
		The Tarahumara are basically an agricultural people and till their lands either by slash-and-burn techniques or with the use of ox-driven plows.
		Tarahumara men elect a number of officials, the most important of whom are the gobernador and mayor, to handle the political, legal, and ceremonial affairs of the pueblo.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7872 (709 words)

	Tarahumara Natives
		The Tarahumara are spread in the municipalities of Guerrero, Bocoyna, Ocampo, Uruachi, Chinipas, Guazapares, Urique, Morelos, Batopilas, Guadalupe y Calvo, Balleza, Rosario, Nonoava, San Francisco de Borja and Carichi.
		The mountainous region is divided in two large regions called Alta and Baja Tarahumara, corresponding the first to the part dominated by the Sierra Madre Occidental and the second to the area west of the same sierra, including the zone of the canyons that forms the warm lands of the state.
		Among the Tarahumara, a man calling at the home of a friend will make his presence known before approaching the door of the house, and if the woman is alone he does not enter but remains at a distance.
	www.mexicoscoppercanyon.com /tarahumara.htm (613 words)

	Tarahumara Indians of the Copper Canyon, Mexico
		The Tarahumara are migratory people that move from the mountains where it is cool in the summer to the canyons where it is warmer in the winter.
		Although the Tarahumara are considered one of the few indigenous groups in North America that have been able to preserve their culture mostly unmodified despite more than 350 years of contact with outside populations, the increasing contact with non-Indians has put additional pressure on their way of life.
		According to the Tarahumara philosophy, respect to other people is essential and therefore, visitors or tourists should also be respectful towards them and their traditions just as they are towards everyone else.
	www.questconnect.org /tara_home.htm (3212 words)

	Stabilizing Indigenous Languages: The Tarahumara of Mexico
		The Tarahumara are considered one of the few indigenous groups in North America that have been able to preserve their traditional style of life almost unmodified by three and a half centuries of contact with European and mestizo populations.
		It was at the beginning of this century that the interest in the Tarahumara population and territory was awakened by the return of the Jesuits in the Sierra and by the renewed exploitation of its resources by mestizos.
		The challenge for the Tarahumara communities today is to maintain and strengthen the role of the Tarahumara language in daily family and social life, as well as developing sustainable ways of economic and social self-sufficiency and independence from the outside society.
	www.ncela.gwu.edu /pubs/stabilize/additional/tarahumara.htm (2634 words)

	The Tarahumara of Chihuahua
		The Tarahumaras are spread in the municipalities of Guerrero, Bocoyna, Ocampo, Uruachi, Chinipas, Guazapares, Urique, Morelos, Batopilas, Guadalupe y Calvo, Balleza, Rosario, Nonoava, San Francisco de Borja y Carichi.
		The mountainous region is divided in two large regions called Alta and Baja Tarahumara, corresponding the first to the part dominated by the Sierra Madre Occidental dominates and the second to the area west of the same sierra, including the zone of the canyons that forms the warm lands of the state.
		The Tarahumara Matachines are not organized like the Yaqui, but in Samachique each dancer is in charge of a chapeon, who stands to one side of him, marking the rhythm of the dance and shouting the changes in figures in falsetto.
	www.indigenouspeople.net /tarahuma.htm (1720 words)

	Tarahumara Peoples
		The main foods are corn and beans which the Tarahumara grow themselves on the marginal strips of land unsuitable for farming.
		The Tarahumara and neighboring native nations continue to suffer from starvation, curable diseases, exploitation, marginalization from outside assistance, lack of education, and clear-cutting of their forests by logging companies.
		The plight of the Tarahumara has been evident for many years, but virtually nothing has been done by the Mexican government to relieve them, while much has been permitted by that same government to worsen their plight.
	www.indigenouspeople.net /tarahum2.htm (808 words)

	Pilot Guides.com:Tarahumara Indian Feast
		Because of their horrendous experiences with the Spaniards and the missionaries, the Tarahumaras have a very low impression of the white man, distrusting them as ones who steal their lands and impose on them their alien beliefs.
		The main Tarahumara festivals are Semana Santa at Easter and the Fiesta Guadalupana in December.
		The Tarahumara belief that the world began with the sun and moon, who were two children who dressed in palm leaves and lived in shacks.
	www.pilotguides.com /destination_guide/central_america_and_caribbean/mexico/tarahumara_indian_feast.php (952 words)

	The Tarahumara of the Sierra Tarahumara / Copper Canyon, Mexico
		The Tarahumara or Raramuri, as they call themselves, inhabit the Copper Canyon, as it is known in the U.S., or the Sierra Tarahumara in northwest Mexico.
		The Spanish originally encountered the Tarahumara throughout Chihuahua upon arrival in the 1500's, but as the Spanish encroached on their civilization the shy and private Tarahumara retreated for the nearly inaccessible canyons of the Sierra Tarahumara.
		The Tarahumara are very religious and desire their privacy and respect if you should happen unto their festivals.
	www.mexonline.com /raramuri.htm (553 words)

	Southwest Agave Project
		The Tarahumara speak a Uto-Aztecan language related to Piman and Cáhitan, and practice a subsistence strategy based on the cultivation of maize, beans, and squash.
		The Tarahumara usually live in nuclear family groups or small extended families that may include elderly parents, married children who have not yet established their own residence, or unmarried brothers; the residence pattern is matrilocal until the married couple establishes their own household (Merrill 1983:290; Washburne 1961:157).
		Kennedy (1963:635) states that, “it is no exaggeration to estimate that the average Tarahumara spends at least 100 days per year directly concerned with tesguino and much of this time under its influence or aftereffects.” The creation of tesgüino is a simple process that all households perform on a regular basis.
	www.ic.arizona.edu /~agave/ceram_feast_tarah01.htm (576 words)

	Tarahumara History
		The Tarahumara were able to incorporate basic Christian rituals into their existing belief system and continue on as before.
		Separated from the family’s influence and guidance for long periods of time, some youths are choosing to leave their traditional lifestyles and go into the cities in search of jobs and a “better” way of life.
		Tarahumara living close to mestizo pueblos and roads behave and dress quite differently from the more secluded, isolated and traditional populations.
	www.kasneadphotographs.com /history.htm (594 words)

	About The Tarahumara Indians, Rarmuri, indigenous tribes, Copper Canyon, Northern Mexico
		The Tarahumara Indians, or Rarmuri, The Runners as they call themselves, are one of North America’s last surviving indigenous tribes.
		There is no recorded history of the Tarahumaras prior to the arrival of the Spaniards in the 16th century.
		Twenty percent of the Tarahumara population dies annually from disease and starvation.
	www.singingshamantraders.com /about-tarahumara.htm (409 words)

	Learn in Beauty: Chapter 5
		Tarahumara is the low-prestige language and is confined to the community and family oral communicative space, while the written and larger social domains are "occupied" by Spanish.
		Tarahumara monolingual children showed high proficiency in the face-to-face conversation task and were able to produce a complete minimally acceptable narrative text in Tarahumara.
		In the question and answer and minimal acceptability tasks, all the children by the age of six were judged by a native speaker of the language to be able to express themselves adequately with grammatically acceptable responses and to organize a narrative-like sequence at least in one language.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/LIB/LIB5.html (7192 words)

	Tarahumara Culture
		Before the Spaniards arrived in Mexico, Tarahumara communities ranged across the entire area of the northern state of Chihuahua.
		Famous for their ability to run, the Tarahumara routinely trot up and down the sides of the canyons for hunting, herding goats, carrying goods or just for fun.
		It is not their running speed, but their stamina which is exceptional; Tarahumaras have been known to hunt deer by chasing them until the deer drops from exhaustion.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/mesoamerica/tarahumara.html (247 words)

	Tarahumara Children's Hospital Fund
		The children are part of a tribe of 60,000 Tarahumara Indians, who live in caves and primitive huts, with unsafe drinking water, parasites, and devastating malnutrition.
		Today, the work is carried on by the efforts of the staff and volunteers he welded together during a lifetime of service.
		The Tarahumara Children's Hospital Fund, established by lay people in 1983 in New Orleans, helps U.S. citizens become involved.
	www.giveaminute.org (268 words)

	For the Love a People
		Contemporaries of the Aztecs, the early Tarahumara fled to remote, high stretches of the Sierra Madres in north central Mexico to escape forced labor in Spanish silver mines.
		The Tarahumara were on their own, religiously speaking, from the time Jesuits were expelled from the area in 1767 until the late 1800s.
		Perhaps many of the Tarahumara Mission's supporters are inspired by God to help others, but there is no doubt that many too are inspired by the man who, without fanfare or recognition, has chosen to dedicate his life to helping his Tarahumara brothers and sisters and has proven, as the mission's website (www.
	www.companymagazine.org /v193/loveofapeople.htm (1332 words)

	Tarahumara Indians - Traveling The Traditional Red Road - Care2.com
		Tarahumara suffer from tuberculosis; and their lifespan is, on average, fairly short.
		Tarahumara consititute the largest indigenous group in the state of Chihuahua.
		Among the Tarahumaras of the northwest it is a corn beer
	www.care2.com /c2c/groups/disc.html?gpp=2345&pst=254457&archival=1 (1076 words)

	A Volunteer's Story
		The Tarahumara mother gathered her things, her child wrapped in a shawl worn around her shoulders, and was taken to the hospital where she was admitted with malnutrition and dehydration.
		Pediatric patients brought food to the altar to be blessed by Father Gilo, a pediatric resident brought her lab coat, and a nursing student brought a nurse's cap.
		Clinica Santa Teresita is in the bustling town of Creel, the economic hub of the Copper Canyon and the Tarahumara.
	www.giveaminute.org /volunteer2.htm (2031 words)

	The Tarahumara People of Chihuahua Mexico — In Danger of Extinction - Mexico
		As a result, the Tarahumaras have sat idly by and continue to retreat to the mountains where the land is even more difficult to irrigate and the living conditions are harsher.
		Recently, the Tarahumara people have used the publicity they receive as a result of their super-human running capability to call attention to the problems that their people are having in Mexico.
		The Tarahumara people pride themselves on being intoxicated and as a result, their activities during the tesguinado are far from their traditionally reserved persona.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art44951.asp (1329 words)

	Canyon of the Tarahumara - Copper Canyon Mexico; by Randy Johnson
		Most of the Tarahumaras I spoke with in the canyon had never been to Creel, the nearest Mexican town, an outpost on the Chihuahua al Pacifico Railroad that climbs through the rugged Sierra de Tarahumara from the Pacific coast to Chihuahua city.
		It is not their running speed, but their stamina which is exceptional; Tarahumaras are known to hunt deer by chasing them until the deer drops from exhaustion.
		It is a dramatic and forbiddingly attractive landscape, brought to life by the Tarahumaras -- bringing corn from between the very rocks, orchards of oranges from hidden mesas, beans, squash, and chilies from little gardens, and herding their goats along the rocky slopes.
	ease.com /~randyj/cobre.htm (1005 words)

	Copper Canyon Crossing, Hiking the Sierra Tarahumara Article by Steve Weaver.
		Though the Sierra Tarahumara is only a sub system of the Sierra Madre Occidental, it is still the largest canyon system in North America.
		The Tarahumara Indian nation is the second largest Indian tribe in North America, only the Navajo nation is larger.
		Ray, the dye hard hiker and the Tarahumara runner from the night before, left the lodge at dawn.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/travel/sweaver/hike.html (1762 words)

	Synapse 48:TarahumaraJourney
		The Sierra Tarahumara, as the Sierra Madre is called in Chihuahua, is a geographical wonderland.
		Recalling images of Tarahumara family life, some of the words that come to mind are love, tenderness, respect, patience, acceptance and security.
		In the Tarahumara world, this is the way that one human being speaks to another.
	www.nrec.org /synapse48/tarahumara.html (2044 words)

	Folk Art of the Tarahumara Indians of Mexico
		Tarahumara have managed to hang on to much of their traditional culture.
		Tarahumara religion is also a unique part of their culture.
		Tarahumara use to make their folk art come from natural sources that are found within the
	www.festivalofmexico.com /tarahumara.html (356 words)

	:: LareDosnews.com :: - Columns
		Most of the Tarahumara that live in Sojhuachi work in the forest, tending their sheep, raising their crops, and gathering wild foods and herbs.
		Among the medicinal plants used by the Sojahuachi Tarahumara are the following: Bajichul’i, a yellow-flowered plant with a sugar/chocolate/cinnamon aroma.
		Several listed are in the Tarahumara language, and should not be confused with any other species of herbs outside of the habitat where these grow.
	www.laredosnews.com /archives/feb2003/columns_03.htm (793 words)

	MexicoFile.com
		The Tarahumara were often subjected to forced labor of various degrees, from indebted servitude to outright slavery, on Spanish haciendas and farms.
		Some Tarahumaras were also forced to work in mines and at mine related work, including tree cutting and brick making.
		The best defense the Tarahumara had and still have against outsiders is the spectacularly rugged mountain and canyon terrain that they have backed further and further into over the past four centuries.
	www.mexicofile.com /tarahumaraindians.htm (529 words)

	Articles & Resources - History & Culture of the Tarahumara Indians - newitem48647721
		The Tarahumara or Rarámuri, as they call themselves, inhabit the Copper Canyon, as it is known in the U.S., or the Sierra Tarahumara in northwest Mexico.
		Tarahumara Drums and Violins Musical instruments such as drums and violins are made frequently for use in ceremonies.
		Violins were first introduced to the Tarahumara Indians by the Spanish and have come to play an important role in Tarahumara music and celebrations.
	store.missiondelrey.com /hicuoftain.html (1864 words)

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