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Topic: Tarascan

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	Tarascan - Encyclopedia.com
		Their capital, Tzintzuntzán [place of the hummingbirds], was located on the shore of Lake Pátzcuaro and had a population of 25,000 to 35,000.
		Most of the over 100,000 contemporary Tarascans are impoverished residents of small rural communities who supplement agricultural production with craft specializations (e.g., weaving, embroidery, woodworking, and lacquerware) and seasonal migration to the United States.
		The core of the Tarascan state in 1520 was not a viable economic...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Tarascan.html (1037 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Tarascan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Tarascan language was still spoken by somewhat less than 100,000 people at the end of the 20th century, mostly in small rural villages.
		Tarascan architecture is noted for step-pyramids in the shape of the letter "T".
		After hearing of the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs and having the native population much diminished by an epidemic of smallpox, the last native Tarascan king, Tangoxoán II, pledged himself as a vassal of the King of Spain without a fight in 1525.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ta/Tarascan (240 words)

	Tarascan family
		The Purepecha language, previously known as Tarascan, is a language isolate that is not even provisionally linked with any other language.
		It is spoken in the state of Michoacan near Lake Pátzcuaro and the Paricutín volcano.
		The Tarascan family is not obviously related to other languages in Mexico.
	www.sil.org /mexico/tarasca/00i-tarasca.htm (925 words)

	Tarascan
		The name Tarascan (and its Spanish language equivalent, tarasco) comes from the word tarascuei in their own language, which the Spaniards took as their name, for reasons that are not clear.
		After hearing of the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs and having the native population much diminished by an epidemic of smallpox, the last native Tarascan king, Tangoxoan II, pledged himself as a vassal of the King of Spain without a fight in 1525.
		In 1530 rogue conquistador NuÃ±o GuzmÃ¡n de BeltrÃ¡n declared himself Tarascan Emperor at Tzintzuntzan, ruling capriciously and cruelly until the area was returned to the administration of Mexico City in 1533.
	www.measuroo.com /eth-T/Tarascan.php (351 words)

	Tarascan - Ethnos - Books about the Tarascan People
		The Tarascan language was still spoken by somewhat less than 100,000 people at the end of the 20th century, mostly in small rural villages.
		The name tarascan (and its Spanish language equivalent, tarasco) comes from the word tarascuei in their own language, which the Spaniards took as their name, for an uncertain reason.
		Tarascan architecture is noted for step-pyramids in the shape of the letter "T".
	www.almudo.com /ethnos/Tarascan.htm (241 words)

	Mexico History - The Tarasco Culture and Empire
		The Tarascan people had established themselves in Michoacán by the 12th century A.D. Their exact origin remains unknown, but linguistic similarities to the Quechua language of South America have been noted.
		Although Tarascan society was socially stratified with nobility, commoners, and slaves, there is no archaeological evidence to indicate that the Tarascan sites were much more than rural settlements, the exception being their capital city of Tzintzuntzan.
		Unlike the Aztecs, the Tarascans left no personal documentary histories, and they had no missionary-historian-defender ready to write down their story as it might have been dictated at the time of conquest.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/history/tarasco.html (1020 words)

	Colonial Lake Patzcuaro, Michoacán. By Richard Perry - ON MEXICO CONNECT
		Tzintzuntzan is famous for its unusual, key-shaped, Tarascan pyramids, known as yacatas, at least one of which was sacred to the pre-hispanic hummingbird deity whose rhythmic wingbeats gave the town its sonorous name.
		In ancient times, the windswept summit of the former island of Jarácuaro was a shrine to the Tarascan moon goddess Xaratanga.
		was the shrine of Curicaueri, the greatest of the Tarascan deities.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/travel/rperry/rppatzcuaro.html (1079 words)

	Adkins Tarascan article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		She notes that it appears the Tarascans were very selective about the conquests they made on the frontier, with an eye to holding and maintaining strategic points in the recognition that the Aztec were and would continue to be a formidable enemy, both militarily and politically (108).
		The relationship between the Tarascan core and periphery was not merely an economic one in which the resources of the periphery were extracted to the accumulative benefit of the core.
		Among the Tarascans there were professional soldiers who were occupied full time with the military and were considered members of government … The military as an arm of the government was employed to carry out the directives of the administration, which was to extend administration and thereby Basin political control into the territory.
	faculty.smu.edu /rkemper/anth_3311/anth_3311_adkins_tarascan_paper.htm (7064 words)

	UNKNOWN MEXICO/MEXICO DESCONOCIDO
		The Tarascan people had established themselves in Michoacán by the 12th century AD Their exact origin remains unknown, but linguistic similarities to the Quechua language of South America have been noted.
		Discovery of vessels with such a handle is taken by archaeologists to mean that the Tarascans occupied or made use of a zone.
		Tarascan is actually the Spanish name for the native people of northern Michoacán.
	www.humanities-interactive.org /unknown/learning_activities.html (4049 words)

	CAPE Newsletter
		A resurgence of interest in the Tarascan state has at least in part been driven by the Purepecha, modern ethnic Tarascans seeking to understand their heritage as well as to come to terms with their place in the Mexican state.
		All of these efforts, however, became moot in 1521 with the conquest of the Aztecs by the Spanish, and in 1522 the Tarascan empire, in the throes of a change of leadership, was ceded to the Spanish without a fight.
		The eight chapters of Pollard's work detail the urban realm of the Tarascan state, the rise of the empire, the economic integration of the empire's frontier region with its core region, the administrative structure of the state, and the diverse elements of state religion.
	www.stetson.edu /artsci/cape/Newsletter/cen28.htm (2228 words)

	TARASCAN,
		The Tarascan were known for their brilliant mosaics fashioned from hummingbird feathers.
		They are noted today for weaving and lacquer work, and their music has influenced Mexican folk song.
		The Tarascan live in the highlands west of Morelia and Lake Patzcuaro and north of Uruapen.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=223709 (147 words)

	HispanicVista Columnists
		The ancient Tarascan inhabitants were farmers and fishermen who established themselves in present-day Michoacán by the Eleventh Century A.D. But, in the late Twelfth Century, Chichimec tribes from the north crossed the Lerma River into Michoacán and settled in the fertile valley near the present-day town of Zacapu.
		When a tribe was conquered by the Tarascans, the subjects were expected to pay tributes of material goods to the Tarascan authorities.
		The Aztecs called the Tarascans Cuaochpanme, which means "the ones with a narrow strip on the head" (the shaven heads), and also Michhuaque, meaning "the lords of the fishes".
	www.hispanicvista.com /HVC/Columnist/jschmal/021405jschmal.htm (3896 words)

	Pre Columbian Art & Architecture - VI. Mesoamerican Area
		During the Post-Classic period important cultures developed among the Toltec, the Tarascan, the Huastec and Totonac, the Mixtec, and the Aztecs.
		Tarascan copper ornaments were as sought after as their feather work and textiles.
		At the time of the Spanish conquest the Huastec culture was located on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, while the central coast was occupied by the Totonac, whose major city was Zempoala.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/nativeamericans/precolumbionart6c.htm (1181 words)

	Caste: Exposicion: Arte contemporáneo vasco y español
		In Aztec territory, the Aztecs interpreted their presence in the universe by means of an extraordinary anthropomorphic sculptural iconography; this occurred simultaneously with the expansion of a pan-Mesoamerican artistic style that led to understanding between the peoples that shared a common visual language.
		Toward the end of the Tarascan historical period, this city functioned as its political capital, imposing its military dominion on a broad area that included north-central and western Mexico.
		Tarascan works in the exhibition feature both archaeological and artistic objects, including sculpture, ceramics and jewelry.
	www.guggenheim-bilbao.es /ingles/exposiciones/imperio_azteca/azteca.htm (2349 words)

	Tzintzuntzan. Sober and mysterious austerity (Michoacán)
		Not even Axayácatl, Ahuizotl, Moctezuma II, or Moctezuma Xocoyotzin (xocoyote, the young one), the three most powerful Mexica emperors, were able to defeat the Tarascans, whom, just as aggressive as the Aztecs, extended their territory through invasions that were based on the strong combination of military and administrative institutions.
		At its peak, the Tarascan domains stretched from the rocky banks of the Lerma River in the north to the Balsas River in the south.
		Tarascans called this god “Tzintzuuquixu” or hummingbird from the south”, which means that this god was possibly shared by both cultures.
	www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx /english/zonas_arqueologicas_y_museos/occidente/detalle.cfm?idsec=45&idsub=0&idpag=2036 (1216 words)

	History of Mexico - The State of Michoacan
		The ancient Tarascan inhabitants were farmers and fishermen who established themselves in present-day Michoacán by the Eleventh Century A.D. But, in the late Twelfth Century, Chichimec tribes from the north crossed the Lerma River into Michoacán and settled in the fertile valley near the present-day town of Zacapu.
		The Aztecs called the Tarascans Cuaochpanme, which means "the ones with a narrow strip on the head" (the shaven heads), and also Michhuaque, meaning "the lords of the fishes".
		During the reign of the Tarascan king Tzitzic Pandacuare, the Aztecs launched a very determined offensive against their powerful neighbors in the west.
	www.houstonculture.org /mexico/michoacan.html (4040 words)

	CEN # 28 (Fall '96)
		All of these efforts, however, became moot in 1521 with the conquest of the Aztecs by the Spanish, and in 1522 the Tarascan empire, in the throes of a change of leadership, was ceded to the Spanish without a fight.
		The eight chapters of Pollard's work detail the urban realm of the Tarascan state, the rise of the empire, the economic integration of the empire's frontier region with its core region, the administrative structure of the state, and the diverse elements of state religion.
		Tariacuri's Legacy is strongest in its presentation of the broader picture of the structure of life in the Tarascan state, particularly the complex role of ethnicity in the prehispanic state.
	www.cwu.edu /~geograph/cen28.html (2353 words)

	LatinoLA - Comunidad - News & Information About Your Community
		When the Tarascans conquered a tribe, the subjects were expected to pay tributes of material goods to the Tarascan authorities.
		During the reign of the Tarascan king, Tzitzic Pandacuare, the Aztecs launched a powerful offensive against their powerful neighbors in the west.
		Shortly thereafter, as Tenochtitl?n was locked in a life-and-death struggle for survival against a massive attacking force, the Pur?pechas in Tzintzuntzan choose as their new monarch, the oldest son of Zuangua, Tangoxo?n II.
	www.latinola.com /story.php?story=1036 (3273 words)

	Guggenheim Museum - Exhibitions - The Aztec Empire - Highlights
		According to the Relación de Michoacán, a pictographic document from the 16th century, the consolidation of the Tarascan empire occurred in the year 1370.
		Tzintzuntzan became the center of the the Tarascans' political, economic, and religious power, and was the capital later known by the Spanish conquistadores.
		Like the Aztecs, the Tarascans were distinguished by their capacity for war, and they established a line of fortifications to mark their borders.
	www.guggenheim.org /exhibitions/aztecs/highlights_11.html (204 words)

	All Empires: History Forum: Tarascan swords (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As Tarascan knight (are You by the way related to the Tarascans?) already has mentioned above, the Tarascans made their weapons out of metal.
		The Tarascans, for instance, used bronze to make miniature bells and other ceremonial objects, all very tiny and all in a similar style.
		The Tarascan military was an arm of the centralised government of Tzintzuntzan.
	www.allempires.com /Forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=12811 (1282 words)

	The Tarascan state emerged in the Lake Pátzcuaro basin (LPB) during the Postclassic period (A (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Tarascan state emerged in the Lake Pátzcuaro basin (LPB) during the Postclassic period (A
		This study examines the effects of environmental change and economic power on the diet of elites in the Tarascan state.
		This study proposes that an emergent, socially stratified elite class in the LPB used its sociopolitical and economic power to obtain maize from outside the basin, protecting themselves against the effects of dietary change and the potential stress of calorie-energy malnutrition.
	www.classics.unc.edu /wgems/abstract27.html (271 words)

	Tzintzuntzan
		The lake is famous for the Tarascan fishermen, who still practice the trade with their traditional butterfly nets, and the pescado blanco they catch.
		The city of Tzintzuntzan is located on the east side of the lake, and about 15 kilometers north-east of Patzcuaro, at an altitude of 2050 meters, overlooking the northern end of the lake, where it turns to the east, and creates a large basin surrounded by mountains.
		One of the 3 cities that banded together to form the Tarascan league, Tzintzuntzan eventually became the capital of the Tarascan Empire, under King Tariacuri at the end of the 14th century.
	www.shawnk.com /mexico/tzintzu.htm (778 words)

	The Tarascan state emerged in the Lake Pátzcuaro basin (LPB) during the Postclassic period (A (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Tarascan state emerged in the Lake Pátzcuaro basin (LPB) during the Postclassic period (A
		This study examines the effects of environmental change and economic power on the diet of elites in the Tarascan state.
		This study proposes that an emergent, socially stratified elite class in the LPB used its sociopolitical and economic power to obtain maize from outside the basin, protecting themselves against the effects of dietary change and the potential stress of calorie-energy malnutrition.
	classics.unc.edu /wgems/abstract27.html (271 words)

	Mexico: Native Peoples, 1400–1600 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
		In the west, the powerful Tarascan kingdom successfully resists conquest by the s.
		The yácatas are dedicated to the Tarascan sun god Curicaueri, a deity similar to the Aztec patron god Huitzilopochtli.
		Like his predecessors he fails to conquer the Tarascans in the west and the Tlaxcalans to the east of the Valley of Mexico.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/08/canm/ht08canm.htm (1857 words)

	Crow Canyon Archaeological Center
		Tarascan Archaeology, Contemporary Culture, and the Arts and Crafts of the Purépecha
		Living in quiet picturesque villages, the Purépecha, descendants of the ancient Tarascans, carry on a way of life based on millennia-old traditions blended with sixteenth-century Spanish Catholicism.
		The area around Lake Pátzcuaro in central Mexico's state of Michoacan is famous for wonderful folkloric festivals and for the monumental ruins of the ancient Tarascan Empire, including its last capital, Tzintzuntzan.
	www.crowcanyon.org /about/press_releases/2005_6_1_tarascan.asp (520 words)

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