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	Tardigrade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tardigrades occur over the whole world, from the high Himalaya (above 6000 m) to the deep sea (below 4000 m) and from the polar regions to the equator.
		Tardigrades are very hardy animals; scientists have reported their existence in hot springs, on top of the Himalayas, under layers of solid ice and in ocean sediments.
		Tardigrades are one of the few groups of species that are capable of reversibly suspending their metabolism and going into a state of cryptobiosis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tardigrade (687 words)

	TARDIGRADES: BEARS OF THE MOSS (About Tardigrades) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cryptobiosis (literally “hidden life”) is of great interest in the study of cryogenics and tardigrades have been subjected to laboratory experiments which verified their ability to survive extreme environments.
		To observe active tardigrades after only an hour or two of soaking, pipette a small quantity of the debris from the bottom of the bowl into a petri dish.
		Tardigrades will be seen wiggling on the bottom of the dish or crawling along a piece of debris.
	www.lclark.edu /~ault/ed564_resources/Crystal/TARDIGRADES.htm (799 words)

	tardy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The tardigrades are bilaterally symmetric, hydrophilous micrometazoans that are ventrally flattened with a convex dorsal side.
		The tardigrades use sexual reproduction, parthenogenesis, and hermaphroditism as modes of reproduction.
		Riparian and aquatic tardigrades of Terrapin Creek tributaries on Dugger Mountain.
	www.jsu.edu /depart/biology/tardy.htm (340 words)

	NAI: News Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When tardigrades are in a state of anhydrobiosis when their cells contain no water they become resistant to many of the things that normally would be fatal to water-based creatures.
		Tardigrades and nematodes both have a spear-like mouth part called a "stylet" that they use to pierce their prey and suck their juices as though through a straw.
		Tardigrades are thought to be the most closely related to onychophorans, caterpillar-like invertebrates that share traits with both arthropods and annelids (worms).
	nai.arc.nasa.gov /news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=tardigrades.cfm (2017 words)

	Tardigrade Facts
		Tardigrade bodies are short, plump, and contain four pairs of lobopodial limbs (poorly articulated limbs which are typical of soft bodied animals).
		Tardigrades express eutely, which means that the number of cells in the body is fixed from birth.
		The wide spread distribution of tardigrades can be attributed to the fact that their eggs, cysts, and tuns are light enough to be distributed by wind or animals for great distances.
	www.iwu.edu /~tardisdp/tardigrade_facts.html (1535 words)

	Florida Entomologist, v. 83, n. 2, p. 197
		Tardigrades were rinsed 3 times in 50 µl droplets of sterile tap water by using a small wire (Irwin) loop to capture the tardigrades and transfer them from droplet to droplet.
		In all 5 replicates in which uninoculated tardigrades were introduced onto diseased radish leaves lying on the surface of nutrient agar plates, and subsequently were allowed to move freely across the surfaces of the plates, 15 to 24 colonies of the pathogen arose per plate, indicating that tardigrades can acquire and move X. campestris pv.
		Even when tardigrades were placed on the lesions of infected leaves, the pathogen associated with the tardigrades at least well enough to be transported off of the leaves and across the surface of nutrient agar plates.
	www.fcla.edu /FlaEnt/fe83p197.htm (1598 words)

	Hunting Bears with a Microscope
		Tardigrades are distributed worldwide and thrive in diverse habitats including marine, terrestrial and freshwater environments.
		Density of the tardigrades is calculated by dividing the number of tardigrades observed by the area of the lichen sample.
		Density is calculated for each type of tardigrade by dividing the number of each type of tardigrade observed by the total surface area of the lichen.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEPC/NSTA-share/lichens1.html (2185 words)

	Tardigrades: An introduction to the Tardigrada with photomicrographs.
		Tardigrades: An introduction to the Tardigrada with photomicrographs.
		They are usually in a state of vigourous activity, not always resulting in much forward motion between the glass surfaces of microscope slide and coverglass, but in their normal habitats where their claws find surfaces to thrust against, their progress can be forceful and rapid.
		This is a necessary adaptation to a life lived in the film of water which covers the leaves of wet moss -- a common habitat for both tardigrades and rotifers, and one prone to periods of dessication.
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/tardigra/tardig/tard0100.htm (349 words)

	Extreme Animals :: Astrobiology Magazine ::
		When tardigrades are in a state of anhydrobiosis -- when their cells contain no water -- they become resistant to many of the things that normally would be fatal to water-based creatures.
		Although their most typical home is the thin film of water that coats mosses and lichens, tardigrades have been found in a vast range of habitats -- in marine, fresh water, and semi-aquatic terrestrial environments ranging from tropical rainforests to the Arctic Ocean.
		Like arthropods, tardigrades have leg-like appendages that they use to move around, but unlike arthropods, tardigrade appendages are unjointed.
	www.astrobio.net /news/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=261 (2083 words)

	Abstract of Jorgensen (2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The tardigrade fauna of the African continent is reviewed and presented graphically using Worldmap, a Geographical Information System (GIS) developed for exploring geographical diversity patterns in large biological datasets.
		The presence of tardigrades are [sic] reported from 20 countries, but of these 9 are represented by a single reference.
		Marine tardigrades in particular have been neglected, with only a single report from the shores of the African continent.
	malawicichlids.com /_popup_abs_j01.htm (304 words)

	Tardigrades (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tardigrades are well known to many microscopists but few people are aware of their fascinating biology.
		In many ways, tardigrades are an ideal subject for the amateur microscopist to study; they are very widespread and can be collected from the nearest garden, roof or gutter, only simple equipment is needed to extract them from their habitat and mounts can be made easily.
		Tardigrades can be found at low magnification (a stereomicroscope magnifying x20 is ideal) and can be recognised by their slug-like appearance and active legs.
	www.nhm.ac.uk /hosted_sites/quekett/tardi.htm (509 words)

	Tardigrade Survey
		Tardigrade eggs in shed husk or cuticle (molted skin of a female), observed moving slightly, therefore viable.
		Since tardigrades move rather quickly, the flash was able to stop the motion to a certain extent, as well as light the subject as it would appear in daylight.
		Tardigrade observations made 20APR03 from sample of what appeared to be Cedar bark, taken in AUG, 2002, from Belem, Brasil.
	microshaw.raffish.org /tardigrade.html (1493 words)

	Further observations on a tardigrade from Scotland
		The tardigrade (water bear) Hypsibius (Isosibius) annulatus (Murray) Marcus 1929 found moulting on a temporary mount made on the 8th August was kept under observation.
		I have since found another tardigrade of the same species that is stretched out and lifeless and was therefore able to measure it accurately - 240 µm long.
		Note the tardigrade on the microscope slide temporary mount was kept under observation for seven days.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artsep00/ellstard2.html (291 words)

	Posts tagged with tardigrade \| MetaFilter
		Strange is this little animal, because of its exceptional and strange morphology and because it closely resembles a bear en miniature.
		Resembling a large gummy bear, or a bear walking on its claws, but measuring in at no larger than a few 100 microns, the tardigrade occupies its own phylum in the animal kingdom.
		Cuteness aside, they are also known for their extraordinary abilities to survive extreme conditions: Tardigrades can survive the process of freezing or thawing, as well as changes in salinity, extreme vacuum pressure conditions, and a lack of oxygen.
	www.metafilter.com /tags/tardigrade (120 words)

	tardigrade -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Tardigrades are mostly about 1 mm or less in size.
		Single-celled protozoans, small nematodes, small unsegmented worms, and tardigrades (eight-legged arthropods) are the most common components of microfauna.
		Apparently climatically less tolerant and less easily dispersed, the fauna follows plant colonization of newly deglaciated regions and therefore is not as widely distributed.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9071288?tocId=9071288 (348 words)

	[No title]
		When tardigrades are in a state of anhydrobiosis-when their cells contain no water-they become resistant to many of the things that normally would be fatal to water-based creatures.
		Live tardigrades have been regenerated from dried-up mosses more than 100 years after they were collected." There are other creatures on Earth, called "extremophiles," that are able to live in extreme environmental conditions.
		Tardigrades are always waiting for something better." Tardigrades, rotifers, nematodes and other microscopic cryptobiotics were intensively documented during the eighteenth century.
	www.lyon.edu /projects/marsbugs/2002/20020909.txt (12910 words)

	Goldstein Lab Members
		We aim to develop tardigrades as a model for studying the evolution of developmental processes that determine morphology.
		Tardigrades are phylogenetically ideal for this since they belong to the protostome superclade Ecdysozoa, as do Drosophila and C.
		We are continuing to use new techniques to study tardigrade embryogenesis, in order to develop this species as a model to understand how developmental processes have evolved.
	www.bio.unc.edu /faculty/goldstein/lab/willow.html (373 words)

	Tardigrade links
		Tardigrades are widely unknown to the public including many scientists and, strange enough, even some biologists.
		Perhaps it was not the full truth that tardigrades have not been annoying humans: zoologists desperately tried to fit the tardigrades somewhere into the zoological system but in the end resigned and gave them a phylum of their own, which is really an honour when keeping in mind that e.g.
		Though tardigrades like to spend their leisure time on the bottom of the oceans, in glacier holes, hot springs and on top of the Himalayas, you will find them also in the cities, in the humble green between the pavement stones - you do not need to travel far to find them.
	www.baertierchen.de /si_engl.html (737 words)

	A tardigrade from Scotland
		On the 9th the slide was examined again and a tardigrade was found moulting, see photomicrographs.
		As the shed skin is curved, its length was difficult to measure, however it measures 189 µm from head to tail, allowing for the curve it must be about 200 µm.
		The general appearance of the tardigrade and the sculpturing on the skin surface matches the description of Hypsibius (Isohypsibius) annulatus (Murray): Marcus 1929.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artaug00/ellstard.html (258 words)

	tardigrade congruence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Phylogenetic analysis confirms that tardigrades are associated with arthropods and that 18S rRNA gene phylogeny is consistent with morphology-based hypotheses of tardigrade evolutionary relationships.
		Thulinia and Hypsibius group together as sister taxa to Macrobiotus, forming the order Parachela, which in turn is a sister group to Milnesium, a representative of the order Apochela.
		The tardigrades appear as a monophyletic sister group to the arthropods.
	chuma.cas.usf.edu /~garey/tard2.html (388 words)

	tardigrade appreciation headquarters
		once the hostile foe or unpleasant environment has passed, the tardigrade awakes as if from a pleasant dream ready again to face the challenges of a new day.
		there are few places in the world where tardigrades are unfamiliar, and wherever they are, enthusiasts follow.
		i know you've been dying to know more about phylogenetic research on tardigrades and how it relates to the morphology-based hypotheses of a tardigrade-arthropod relationship, so here ya go.
	www.q7.com /~vvv/tardigrade (592 words)

	Sites with Good Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tardigrades: Bears of the Moss by William R. Miller, Ph.D. A very nice introduction to the collection and study of Tardigrades with some excellent drawings of adults and eggs.
		The three drawings of tardigrade eggs are worth the trip.
		A brief description of a research project in antarctica and some fl & white micro shots of tardigrades, including a close-up of their legs.
	home.comcast.net /~tardigrades/images.htm (484 words)

	HaloScan.com - Comments
		tardigrade: the unusual mortality of young adults was also true in the US and in women.
		tardigrade: The problem of the age specificity of viral virulence is pretty much unsolved.
		The usual speculation about 1918 is that there was a previous H1N1 (probably 1889-1890) that provided immunity for the older age group, but that doesn't explain the perdilection for the young adults that well.
	www.haloscan.com /comments/revere/113373323465151180 (1792 words)

	TARDIGRADA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The latter are armoured with body plates and bear head appendages.
		The size of tardigrades is ususally between 0.15 to 0.8 mm.
		In some genera the different species can be separated best by their ornamented eggs.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/6135/tardig.html (132 words)

	What the heck is a tardigrade? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A tardigrade is a cute eight-legged invertebrate first discovered in 1773, also called a water bear.
		Live tardigrades have been regenerated from dried up mosses more than 100 years after being collected.
		Tardigrade Species Distribution Project Pretty much the home page for tardigrades on the net
	www.tardigrade.org /natives/tardigrade.html (229 words)

	[No title]
		Tardigrade phylogeny: Congruency of morphological and molecular evidence.
		Spermatozoan morphology as a character for tardigrade systematics: Comparison with sclerified parts of animals and eggs in eutardigrades.
		The ultrastructure of the tardigrade cuticle with special attention to marine species.
	ag.arizona.edu /tree/eukaryotes/animals/tardigrada/Tardigrada.nex (330 words)

	Biological Sciences Graduate Faculty
		Ecological and faunistic studies on tardigrades in leaf litter of beech forests.
		Preliminary observations on the relationship of tardigrade species and moss species in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia.
		Nelson, D.R. An anomaly in the reproduction of the tardigrade
	www.etsu.edu /biology/nelson-pubs.htm (1318 words)

	Upcoming Events \| Durham Co-op Grocery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Submitted by tardigrade on February 23, 2006 - 9:12am.
		Submitted by tardigrade on March 20, 2006 - 10:36am.
		Submitted by tardigrade on February 23, 2006 - 2:47pm.
	www.durhamfoodcoop.org /event?PHPSESSID=17f9e01a34cb0aefce8809c79bd20167 (97 words)

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