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Topic: Tardive dyskinesia

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	Tardive dyskinesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tardive dyskinesia is a serious neurological disorder caused by the long-term and/or high-dose use of dopamine antagonists, usually antipsychotics and among them especially the typical antipsychotics.
		The cause of tardive dyskinesia appears to be related to damage — due to the use of antipsychotic medications — to the system that uses and processes the neurotransmitter dopamine.
		Tardive dyskinesia most commonly occurs in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other psychiatric conditions who are given antipsychotic medication, but it can occur in other patients who are treated with these drugs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tardive_dyskinesia (862 words)

	Dyskinesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dyskinesia is sometimes caused by long-term use of anti-psychotic drugs or other dopamine antagonists like the antiemetic metoclopramide.
		The effect of these drugs can be tardive, meaning the dyskinesia continues or appears even after the drugs are no longer taken (see Tardive dyskinesia).
		Dyskinesias most commonly occur at the time of peak levodopa plasma concentrations and are thus referred to as peak-dose dyskinesias.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dyskinesia (191 words)

	Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorder Center - University of Kansas Medical Center
		Tardive (meaning "late onset") dyskinesia (meaning "abnormal involuntary movement") is a term used to describe a syndrome occurring as a result of treatment with medications that block the receptors for the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain.
		Tardive dyskinesia was first described in the 1950s in patients treated with antipsychotic medications.
		Tardive dystonia clinically appears identical to idiopathic or primary dystonia (meaning "of unknown cause") but is classified as a secondary dystonia since it is the result of a known agent.
	www.kumc.edu /parkinson/td.html (1136 words)

	Drug-Induced Tardive Movement Disorders
		The mechanism of tardive parkinsonism appears to be the drug-induced opposition or blockade of striatal dopamine receptors.
		Once tardive dyskinesia presents, a gradual reduction of the neuroleptic should be attempted in hopes of a spontaneous remission.
		Other drug-induced movement disorders including tardive dyskinesia, akathisia (a subjective sensation of restlessness) or myoclonus may accompany tardive dystonia, and have led many researchers to classify tardive dystonia as a variant of tardive dyskinesia, Unlike tardive dyskinesia, tardive dystonia is seen in children as well as adults.
	www.namiscc.org /newsletters/July01/tardive.htm (2220 words)

	MDVU Resource Library - Tardive Dyskinesia - Differential Diagnosis
		Tardive dystonia may appear at any time in the course of treatment with DRAs and up to years afterward, while acute dystonia may occur within a few days of exposure.
		Backward arching of the trunk is primarily seen in acute dystonia; spasmodic torticollis, retrocollis, and internal rotation of the arms, elbow extension, and wrist flexion are characteristic of tardive dystonia.
		Tardive akathisia usually exists concurrently with tardive dystonia or tardive dyskinesia but may also occur in isolation.
	www.mdvu.org /library/disease/td/td_dd.html (243 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Tardive dyskinesia
		Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder that causes involuntary movements (especially of the lower face).
		Tardive dyskinesia is serious side effect of long-term use of drugs called neuroleptics.
		Margolese HC, Chouinard G, Kolivakis TT, Beauclair L, Miller R. Tardive dyskinesia in the era of typical and atypical antipsychotics.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000685.htm (290 words)

	Vitamin E treatment of tardive dyskinesia
		METHOD: Twenty-eight patients with tardive dyskinesia were treated in a double-blind, parallel-group comparison study of 8-12 weeks of treatment with vitamin E (1600 IU/day) or matching placebo capsules.
		In tardive dyskinesia four clinical trials (double-blind, placebo-controlled) showed improvement in the symptoms with vitamin E in doses of up to 1,600 IU/day.
		In a double-blind placebo controlled trial, the efficacy of Vitamin E in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD) was studied in 32 patients.
	psycom.net /tardive_E.html (2839 words)

	Neuroleptics, psychiatric drug hazards and tardive dyskinesia by Peter R. Breggin, MD
		In long-term studies, the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia often exceeds 50 per cent of all treated patients and is probably much higher.
		Tardive akathisia involves painful feelings of inner tension and anxiety and a compulsive drive to move the body.
		The basal ganglia, which are afflicted in tardive dyskinesia, are richly interconnected with the higher centres of the brain, so that their dysfunction almost inevitably leads to disturbances in cognitive processes (for the functional neuroanatomy, see Alheid et al., 1990).
	www.breggin.com /neuroleptics.html (2413 words)

	Risperdal Side Effects: Tardive Dyskinesia
		The phrase comes from tardive, which means "late" and dyskinesia which means "abnormal movement." The cause of tardive dyskinesia appears to be related to damage---due to the use of antipsychotic medications---to the system that uses and processes the neurotransmitter dopamine.
		There is no standard treatment for tardive dyskinesia, which in many cases appears to be irreversible and may even get worse if use of the chemical agent(s) that caused it is stopped.
		Even so, when tardive dyskinesia develops, the first step is generally to stop or reduce the use of the neuroleptic drug in order to prevent further damage and worsening of the symptoms.
	www.weitzlux.com /risperdal/learnmore/sideeffects/tardivedyskinesia_4279.html (479 words)

	eMedicine - Dystonia, Tardive : Article by Perla Periut, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1988, Burke and Kang suggested that tardive dystonia is distinguished from the classic oral-buccal-lingual choreic form of tardive dyskinesia not only by the dystonic nature of the involuntary movements but also by the frequency with which it causes significant neurologic disability.
		The current model used to explain the mechanism underlying tardive dyskinesia is the supersensitivity of the postsynaptic dopamine striatal receptors resulting from the long-term administration of dopamine receptor–blocking agents.
		Tardive akathisia, characterized by subjective and motor restlessness, is present in 31% of patients with tardive dystonia.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic620.htm (7108 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological disorder caused by the long-term use of neuroleptic drugs, or anti-psychotic medications.
		The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia is estimated to be 10 to 20 percent of individuals treated with anti-psychotic medications.
		Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia may remain even after the medication is stopped.
	www.nmha.org /infoctr/factsheets/tardiveDyskinesia.cfm (265 words)

	Tardive dyskinesia: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tardive dyskinesia is a serious neurological disorder Neurology quick summary:
		Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by repetitive, EHandler: no quick summary.
		Many of the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia appear similar to Parkinson's disease[For more info, click on this link] and the cause of tardive dyskinesia appears to be related to the neurotransmitter[For more info, click on this link] dopamine dopamine quick summary:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/ta/tardive_dyskinesia.htm (579 words)

	WE MOVE - Tardive Dyskinesia - Definition
		In general, tardive dyskinesia (TD) refers to a wide variety of involuntary, repetitive, persistent, stereotypic movements caused by the use of drugs that block dopamine receptors.
		Dyskinesia is from the Greek words, dys and kinEsis, meaning difficulty of movement.
		Tardive comes from the French word (tardif) for tardy or late, meaning that the dyskinesias appear late in the course of therapy with a drug that blocks dopamine receptors (DRAs).
	www.wemove.org /td/td.html (153 words)

	Center for the Study of Autism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tardive dyskinesia is a syndrome involving dysfunctional, involuntary movements associated with long-term, chronic use of neuroleptic medications, such as Haldol, Prolixin, and Thorazine.
		Common tardive dyskinesia movements include, but are not limited to: facial tics, grimacing, eye blinking, lip smacking, tongue thrusting, moving one's head back or to the side, foot tapping, ankle movements, shuffled gait, and head nodding.
		Tardive dyskinesia movements may be confused with stereotypy because of the repetitive nature of both behaviors.
	www.autism.org /tardiv.html (345 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia from Neurology / Movement And Neurodegenerative Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tardive blepharospasm is the presence of repetitive sustained contractions of the orbicularis oculi for at least 1 month, developing during or within 3 months of discontinuation of treatment with dopamine antagonists (in the absence of other disease or familial causes).
		Tardive dystonia presents as fixed posturing of the face and neck (eg, anterocollis, retrocollis, torticollis), extremities, and trunk.
		Tardive tremor is a hyperkinetic movement disorder associated with long-term treatment with dopamine antagonists.
	users3.ev1.net /~drtony/tardive.htm (8675 words)

	Recognizing and Treating Tardive Dyskinesia
		Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a neurological syndrome associated with the long-term use of neuroleptic medication.
		It is important for patients to know that tardive dyskinesia generally is the result of long-term neuroleptic drug use and is potentially irreversible.
		Tardive dyskinesia is a potentially irreversible side effect of antipsychotic therapy.
	www.uspharmacist.com /oldformat.asp?url=newlook/files/feat/may00tar.htm (3585 words)

	Drug-induced and Tardive Movement Disorders
		Involuntary movements, including tremor, chorea, athetosis, dyskinesias, dystonia, myoclonus, tics, ballismus and akathisia, may be symptoms of primary neurologic disease or occur secondary to pharmacotherapy (Table 1).
		Drug-induced and tardive parkinsonism resemble idiopathic parkinsonism, and are therefore characterized by tremor, rigidity and most commonly an extreme paucity of movement called akinesia.
		Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is the least common of the extrapyramidal adverse effects of neuroleptic drugs, but the most dangerous.[2] Idiosyncratic reactions including fever, severe rigidity, tremor, autonomic instability and obtundation lead to pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
	www.parkinsons-information-exchange-network-online.com /archive/093.html (2362 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia
		Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is a condition of abnormal, repetitive, uncontrollable movements that develop after a long-term use of so-called antipsychotic medications used to treat
		The term “tardive” (which means “late”) is used because the condition appears only after long-term use of these drugs, which include chlorpromazine (Thorazine®), thioridazine (Mellaril®), and trifluoperazine (Stelazine®).
		Vitamin E in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.
	www.truestarhealth.com /Notes/1278003.html (1340 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia and Akathisia, Movement Disorders, THE MERCK MANUAL OF HEALTH & AGING
		Tardive dyskinesia is involuntary, repetitive movements of muscles.
		Tardive dyskinesia and akathisia are often caused by antipsychotic drugs or related drugs.
		In tardive dyskinesia, the muscles of the face are affected most often.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual_ha/sec3/ch30/ch30d.html (268 words)

	McGlynn Glisson & Koch Psychiatric Malpractice Tardive Dyskinesia Personal Injury Attorneys Baton Rouge Louisiana ...
		Tardive Dyskinesia (including Tardive Dystonia, Tardive Akathisia, and Tardive Dementia) is a lifelong nightmare for those afflicted.
		Tardive Dyskinesia affects its victims physically, mentally, socially, emotionally, and vocationally.
		Perhaps the most tragic aspect of Tardive Dyskinesia is that there is little empathy for its victims-who are so often distorted by the disease - leading to embarrassment and/or social isolation.
	www.tardivedyskinesia.info (222 words)

	Vitamin E improves tardive dyskinesia
		Clinical bottom line: There is some evidence that vitamin E reduces the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia with no increase in reported adverse effects.
		Tardive dyskinesia is a late side-effect of neuroleptic treatment.
		Inclusion criteria were: randomised controlled trial; neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) in patients with schizophrenia or other chronic mental illness; treatment groups which included vitamin E and either placebo or no intervention; treatment with neuroleptics for more than three months.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/booth/alternat/AT051.html (460 words)

	THE MADISON DOCTRINE Main page
		In one case of Tardive Blepharospasm, the patient was placed on 2.5 mg of Haldol at night to mask the eye blinking reaction which had caused eye pain.
		Tardive Dyskinesia is a change in the normal control mechanism of voluntary skeletal muscle control by a system of nerves called the extrapyramidal system.
		Several individuals with severe tardive movements of their lips when treated with enough neuroleptics to allow for the limb movement to be acceptably controlled.
	www.madisondoctrine.com /tardivis.html (8349 words)

	Information about tardive dyskinesia
		Some of the medications that have caused tardive dyskinesia are Haldol, Prolixin, and Thorazine.
		Tardive dyskinesia may appear anywhere from three months to several years after initial use of these medications.
		The first step in treating tardive dyskinesia is to stop or minimize the use of the neuroleptic drug.
	www.mamashealth.com /neu/tardive.asp (225 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia
		It is possible that the main title of the report Tardive Dyskinesia is not the name you expected.
		Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary neurological movement disorder caused by the use of neuroleptic drugs that are prescribed to treat certain psychiatric or gastrointestinal conditions.
		Tardive Dystonia is believed to be the more severe form of Tardive Dyskinesia.
	www.webmd.com /hw/schizophrenia/nord493.asp (416 words)

	Health Encyclopedia
		Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a potentially permanent side effect of drugs used to control schizophrenia and other psychoses.
		Tardive dyskinesia: possible involvement of free radicals and treatment with vitamin E. Schizophr Bull.
		Tardive dyskinesia exacerbated after ingestion of phenylalanine by schizophrenic patients.
	healthlibrary.epnet.com /GetContent.aspx?token=e0498803-7f62-4563-8d47-5fe33da65dd4&chunkiid=21835 (1716 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia
		Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological syndrome caused by the long-term use of neuroleptic drugs.
		Neuroleptic drugs are generally prescribed for psychiatric disorders, as well as for some gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.
		Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia may remain long after discontinuation of neuroleptic drugs; however, with careful management, some symptoms may improve and/or disappear with time.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/921990098.html (221 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia
		Tardive Dyskinesia, or TD, is a late-occurring side effect, mainly observed with the use of older antipsychotic drugs, called the classic neuroleptics or typical antipsychotics.
		The most common form of tardive dyskinesia or TD is a twitching of the muscles around the mouth.
		The risk of TD is increased with every year of treatment on classic neuroleptics or antipsychotics.
	www.psychiatry24x7.com /bgdisplay.jhtml?itemname=tardive_dyskinesia (505 words)

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