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Topic: Targum Onqelos

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	CAL Search Page
		As with Onqelos, variants from Sperber's main text and apparatus are marked #2# and #3# respectively.
		In the single case of Targum Jonathan to Zephaniah, however, the main text is rather that re-edited by Josep Ribera Florit in "La version aramaica del Profeta Sofonias," EstBib 40 (1982):127-158 with variants (marked as #2#) from his apparatus.
		Targum Neofiti was completely collated against the microfilm of the manuscript, and re-read again for marginalia by M. Abegg and S. Kaufman.
	cal1.cn.huc.edu /searching/targum_info.html (829 words)

	Targum Bibliography
		Lund, Jerome A., 'Morphological Varaition in the Imperfect of "hewa" in Onqelos and Jonathan', Sefarad 58.2 (1988), pp.
		Lund, Jerome A., 'Morhological Varaition in the Imperfect of "hewa" in Onqelos and Jonathan', Sefarad 58.2 (1988), pp.
		Melamed, Ezra A., 'Targum Yonatan we-Tafsir `Arabi shel Shirath Debora', Erets Yisra'el 3 (1954), pp.
	faculty.washington.edu /snoegel/targumbiblio.html (9159 words)

	[No title]
		Targum fragments found in the Dead Sea Scrolls indicate that use of written targumim can be dated to pre-Christian times, and eventually two of these written Targumim, Targum Onqelos on the Pentateuch, and Targum* Jonathan on the Prophets*, gained official status, and were specifically designated for use in synagogue services.
		The Targums are important source documents that can be compared with the Septuagint in terms of their significance for doing text criticism, understanding the history of biblical interpretation, and studying the New Testament use of Hebrew scriptures.
		Targum Onqelos and Jonathan are fairly literal renditions (though the number of explanations increase in some of the more difficult, or poetic sections), while others, such as the Targum on Song of Songs, contain a tremendous number of explanatory comments.
	www.logos.com /targums (915 words)

	Targum Bibliography
		Each Targum is evaluated in the light of Jewish tradition and of modern linguistic and biblical research.
		Each translated Targum has its own apparatus indicating the relationship between the English translation and the Aramaic original and every volume has a useful bibliography." For an introduction to the Targums in general I recommend John W. Bowker's introduction described at the bottom of this page.
		John W. Etheridge, ed., The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch, with the fragments of the Jerusalem Targum.
	www.bible-researcher.com /aramaic5.html (1793 words)

	Targum Onkelos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Targum Onkelos (or Unkelus), is the official eastern (Babylonian) targum to the Torah.
		The Talmud states that "a persion should complete his portions of scripture along with the community, reading the scripture twice and the targum once." This passage is taken to refer to Targum Onkelos.
		The Targum appears as digital text in two different user-friendly versions: (1) The Aramaic targum text with vowels can be viewed in its entirety on its own, either book-by-book or chapter by chapter.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/T/Targum-Onkelos.htm (281 words)

	A New Source in the Vision of Isaiah
		The phenomenon of a targum upon the Targum, which has been noted as a marginal event in Reuchlinianus, is a textual event in BN 75.
		It is especially telling that hb in the Targum is taken as referring both to the year "in which" Uzziah died, and to the leprosy "with which" he was struck.
		As they handed on the Targumic tradition, they attempted to make sense of it, so that their texts are structurally ambivalent, and would remain so, until the fifteenth century saw an attempt to distinguish Targum Jonathan as such from the attempts to perpetuate its interpretative ingenuity in new idioms.
	inside.bard.edu /religion/facultyproj/temple/temple_isaiah/newsrc.htm (2356 words)

	Bible Studies - Ðóññêèå ñòðàíèöû - Âåòõèé Çàâåò - Ðàçíîå (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Although the targumic texts to be examined here are very limited in extent, the evidence emerging from the analysis may well have significance for the larger question of the nature and origin of the Targums, in particular of the Pal.
		The targumic midrash has arisen from the biblical data on the patriarchs, taken in conjunction with the chronological consequences of the age assigned to Shem in the Bible.
		Targums, Aramaic translations of the Hebrew Bible, were in the process of formation from the Hellenistic period onwards, and continued to develop during the Roman period and later.
	www.biblicalstudies.ru /OT/32.html (10710 words)

	[No title]
		Targums are ancient Aramaic translations of the Hebrew scriptures.
		It will be possible to link and scroll the various Targums with each other and with Hebrew or English bibles, as well as run comparison reports between the Targums, exegetical guides, lemma reports, and most of the other reports designed for use with modern and biblical language bibles.
		The two targum fragments from the Dead Sea Scrolls will be able to link and scroll with the Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition and the Qumran Sectarian Manuscripts.
	www.logos.com /products/prepub/details/2068 (774 words)

	Targum - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
		The Targums that require most to be considered are the official Targums, those that are given in the rabbinic Bibles in columns parallel with the columns of Hebrew.
		Verse 1 of Esther in the first Targum informs us that the cessation of the work of building the Temple was due to the advice of Vashti, and that she was the daughter of Evil-merodach, the son of Nebuchadnezzar, and a number of equally accurate pieces of information.
		The main benefit received from the Targums is the knowledge of the views of the Jewish rabbis as to the meaning of certain passages Thus in Genesis 49:10 there is no doubt in the mind of the Targumist that "Shiloh" refers to the Messiah.
	www.studylight.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T8612 (4737 words)

	IBSS - The Bible - Genesis 1:2 - And a Mighty Wind
		In the Targum Neofiti I McNamara translates, "and a spirit of mercy from before the Lord was blowing over the surface of the waters" (1992, 52).
		In the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Maher translates, "and a merciful wind from before God was blowing over the surface of the water" (1992, 16).
		The Targums seem to believe by their translation that "a wind from the Lord was blowing" not the "Spirit of God" moving.
	www.bibleandscience.com /bible/books/genesis/genesis1_wind.htm (510 words)

	Mail-Jewish Volume 26 Number 11
		Can anyone help me? The whole Onqelos rendering is "Don't eat meat with/in milk," which is more of a recasting than a "translation" of the clause.
		Shada"l classifies this as a case in which Onqelos has translated "in the interest of the Oral Torah and rabbinic interpretation" (Ohev ger, pp.
		In the present case, he states, "Onqelos wisely translated so as not to provide an am ha-arets with an occasion to distinguish between a kid and other animals, or to say that eating without cooking might be permissible.
	www.ottmall.com /mj_ht_arch/v26/mj_v26i11.html (1602 words)

	Betrtothal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This is based on Targum Onqelos but taking "hatab" in its common meaning of "chop, carve out," and referring it to the object carved out.
		However, as regards Targum Onqelos' translation, a well-attested ancient Aramaic meaning of "hatab" is `betrothed', which suits the context perfectly.
		Rabbi Solomon Sassoon a"h regarded Targum Onqelos' translation of betrothal for "he'emarta-he'emirkha" as having preserved the original meaning, and considered the rabbinic "ma'amar" as strong support (cf.
	www.betemunah.org /betroth.html (2519 words)

	B Barry Levy -Targum Neofiti 1 A Textual Study - Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Studies in Judaism - Martin McNamara ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Targum Neophyti 1 A Textual Study Studies in Judaism.
		Targum Neofiti 1 Leviticus Targum Pseudo - Jonathan Leviticus The Aramaic Bible Vol 3.
		Targum Onqelos to Leviticus And the Targum Onqelos to Numbers Aramaic Bible Vol 8.
	boook.net /342811targum_neofiti_1_a_textual_leviticus_numbers_deuter... (94 words)

	RSN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Fitzmyer, J.A: “The Targum of Leviticus from Qumran Cave”, Maarav 1,1 (1978) 5-23.
		The Palestinian Targum of the Pentateuch Codex Vatican (Neofiti I): 140 photocopies were reproduced by a rapid-reprint process, as specified in the Authorization of the Vatican Library, Jerusalén (Makor) 1970, I-II 448 pp.
		Targum Pseudo-Jonathanis in Pentateuchum cum duplici Paraphrasi in Esther, Basilea (Waldkirchium) 1697, en fol.
	www.aeehj.org /Boletin06.htm (3275 words)

	Unveiling the Versions: The Tactics of Tamar in Genesis 38:15
		Targum Neofiti adds: “...thought her to be a prostitute, because she was veiled (lit.
		While the targum explicitly describes how Tamar covered herself with a veil and subsequently removed it (vv.14, 19), the above rendering of v.15 fails to explain the relevance of her change of clothing.
		In justifying his exclusion of the targum from his dictionary, Sokoloff comments: “The general state of preservation of the text of PsJ known only from one manuscript [BM Aramaic Additional MS 27031] is very poor and contains a large number of corruptions.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /JHS/Articles/article_19.htm (6348 words)

	Targum Onqelos to Exodus - By: Bernard Grossfeld - Christianbook.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Targum Onqelos to Exodus - By: Bernard Grossfeld - Christianbook.com
		A Targum is technically any translation of the Hebrew Scriptures, but usually it refers to the Aramaic translation of such a book.
		This Targum is Onqelos to Exodus translated with apparatus and notes into English by Bernard Grossfeld.
	www.christianbook.com /Christian/Books/product?item_no=465486X (248 words)

	Rishon Rishon: Translating in the beginning
		The Targum (Jewish Aramaic translation) actually seems to have dodged the grammatical issue entirely, offering bkdm (sorry, I don't remember the vocalization), "in the past." (Or, I think, by etymology, "in the east," but any geographical reference is excluded by context!) This could be translated, rather roughly, "A long time ago, God created...."
		Here's the Targum of Genesis 1:1 - b'reshit is translated b'qadmin (בְּקַדְמִין).
		Targum Onqelos is an ancient translation of the Bible into Aramaic, circa 1-300 CE.
	www.rishon-rishon.com /archives/066438.php (718 words)

	Detailed reading lists
		- S.A. Kaufman and Y. Maori, "The Targumim to Exodus 20: Reconstructing the Palestinian Targum," Textus 16 (1991), 13-78.
		- Abraham Tal, "The Dialects of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic and the Palestinian Targum of the Pentateuch," Sefarad 46:1-2 (1986), 441-448.
		The Pentateuchal Targums of Israel in their Social and Linguistic Context," in The Ancient Synagogue, eds.
	www.duke.edu /web/nehdas/readings.html (2336 words)

	Notes
		GROSSFELD, The Targum Onqelos to Genesis (The Aramaic Bible 6; Wilmington 1988) 68, 69, n.
		I believe that the targumic evidence, because of the problem of formulation (high priesthood rather than high priest) and date, does not help appreciably in the debate.
		Text in R. Targum des Chroniques (AnBib 51; Rome 1971) II, 10; French translation R. Targum des Chroniques (AnBib 51; Rome 1971), I, 41 (with note 71); English translation (with extensive note) J.S. The Targum of Chronicles (Aramaic Bible 19; Collegeville 1994) 41.
	www.bsw.org /project/biblica/bibl81/Comm01n.html (2377 words)

	The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - ISBE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Josh 7:5, "Shebarim" (shebharim) is rendered "till they were scattered." Such are the variations to be seen in the narrative portion of the Targum of the earlier Prophets.
		The main benefit received from the Targums is the knowledge of the views of the Jewish rabbis as to the meaning of certain passages Thus in
		Dt 33:27, where instead of "Underneath are the everlasting arms," we have "By His word the world was made." This is at once seen to resemble the usage of Philo and the apostle John.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/ISBE/8613.html (5008 words)

	The Targum of Ezekiel (The Aramaic Bible, Volume 13) New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 0814654827
		The Targum Onqelos to Deuteronomy (The Aramaic Bib...
		Targum Neofiti One - Exodus: Targum Pseudo Jonatha...
		The Aramaic Bible: The Targum of the Minor Prophet...
	www.bookfinder4u.com /detail/0814654827.html (212 words)

	Paul's Publications
		Paul V. Flesher, 1992, "Exploring the Sources of the Synoptic Targums to the Pentateuch," in Targum Studies: Textual and Contextual Studies in the Pentateuchal Targums, vol.
		Neusner and Paul V. Flesher, 1984, "The Messiah in the Targums of the Pentateuch," in J. Neusner, Messiah in Context: Israel’s History and Destiny in Formative Judaism (Philadelphia: Fortress Press), pp.
		Paul V. Flesher, 1994, "The Synoptic Targums: Sources of the Palestinian Targums to the Pentateuch," in The Aramaic Bible: Targums in their Historical Context, M. McNamara and D.R.G. Beattie, eds.
	uwacadweb.uwyo.edu /Religionet/reli1000on/pauls_publications.htm (1096 words)

	Professor Michael Klein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The first meeting in the second series of centenary lectures was chaired by the Regius Professor of Hebrew, Robert Gordon, and was treated to a study of Aramaic Bible translations and commentaries by Professor Michael Klein, of the Hebrew Union College in Jerusalem.
		Several new targumic texts and text-types discovered in the Genizah were noted, such as ``shorthand'' manuscripts; collections of expansive readings for festivals and special Sabbaths; introductory Aramaic poems to the targum of the haftarot; a fragment-targum of Onqelos; and various compositions of Masorah to Onqelos.
		The paper concluded with a reading of the targumic tosefta to the story of Cain and Abel (Genesis 4), which is unparalleled in its midrashic and exegetical expansiveness and literary fancy.
	www.lib.cam.ac.uk /Taylor-Schechter/GF/37/klein.html (192 words)

	Jewish-Languages Mailing List: January 2001
		At the 1992 Targum Conference in Dublin, sponsored by Martin McNamara at the Irish Academy of Sciences, he encouraged Ernest G. Clarke to take the lead in continuing the spirit of Dublin and the conversations begun there with another Targum conference.
		This accomplishment made the sum of that material available to scholars of the Palestinian Targums, and provided solid evidence that those targums, in their different versions, were widespread.
		With this volume and his Genizah Manuscripts of Palestinian Targum to the Pentateuch, Michael Klein joined the trio of scholars who put the study of the Palestinian Targums on a solid basis, along with A. Diez Macho for Targum Neofiti and E.G. Clarke for Targum Pseudo-Jonathan.
	www.jewish-languages.org /ml/200101.html (2863 words)

	[b-hebrew] Aramaic
		Hi there, The two best grammars for the Targum are Dalman's "Grammatik des jud.-palast.
		Abraham Tal's "leshon ha-targum linvi'im..." etc. which can be seen as a grammar to Targum Yonatan, and Dr.
		Dodi's "The Verbal System of Targum Onqelos [based on Sperber's edition], PhD., 1970 (both in hebrew).
	lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/b-hebrew/2005-March/022671.html (442 words)

	THE MESSIAH, PRINCE OF THE COUNTENANCE
		Targum Onqelos states that actually Jacob saw the "Angel of the LORD".
		Targum Jonathan, on Gen. 5:24 in which we read of the translation of Enoch (how he walked with God and then "was no more"), says that "He ascended to heaven and God called him by the name Metatron, the Great Scribe".
		In answering this question there is good reason to appeal to the Rabbis' way of grading the old writings according to their source value: "The Old Testament leads to the Targums, the Targums lead to the Mishna, the Mishna to the Talmud, and so on.
	www.kolumbus.fi /hjussila/rsla/OT/OT11.html (3282 words)

	A History of Biblical Interpretation Volume 1 by Alan J. Hauser and Duane F. Watson
		Thus, for the writers of the DSS, interpretation was not simply a process of deciphering meaning from within a set collection of sacred documents, but rather a matter of elucidating and expanding upon both the teachings and the sacred literature that had been received from previous generations.
		Turning to the Targums, we see a form of interpretation aimed at the general public.
		In this area of study also, the line between the sacred text and the interpretation of the text is blurred.
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/Interpretation.htm (3739 words)

	Home Page
		Targum Pseudo-Yehonathan interprets it instead as a ban on incest between father and daughter, or mother and son.
		Aramaic Targum Onqelos: "because they are your nakedness", interpreted as "your nakedness is reflected in them".
		His head shall not be uncovered: His anointing is not to be something thoughtlessly exposed to the world at large to be trampled by swine.
	www.torahforthewholehouseofisrael.20m.com /custom.html (20544 words)

	Inscriptions from the Land of Israel
		Paul V.M. Flesher, 2002, Targum and Scripture: Studies in Aramaic Translation and Interpretation in Memory of Ernest G. Clarke, Studies in the Aramaic Interpretation of Scripture 2 (Leiden: Brill), xxv + 327 pp.
		Paul V.M. Flesher, 2002, "Targum as Scripture," In: Targum and Scripture: Studies in Aramaic Translation and Interpretation in Memory of Ernest G. Clarke, P.V.M. Flesher, ed.
		Paul V. Flesher, 1994, "The Synoptic Targums: Sources of the Palestinian Targums to the Pentateuch," in The Aramaic Bible: Targums in their Historical Context, M.
	www.stg.brown.edu /projects/Inscriptions/cv/flesher.html (2786 words)

	"Eli Eli lama sabachtani"? A Look At The Gospel Records (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Actually, if we consult the Targum to Psalms we find that it has not eloi but eli, so that Matthew's version is precisely that of the Targum.
		Proof of this can even be seen in the aforementioned Targum Onqelos.
		[10] Targum literally means "translation," and is generally a reference to an Aramaic translation of the Bible or a specific book from the Bible.
	www.bismikaallahuma.org /Bible/Text/eli-variants.htm (2747 words)

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