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	Tariff of 1824 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The Tariff of 1824, also known as the Sectional Tariff of 1824, was a protective tariff in the United States designed to foster America's burgeoning industry in the face of cheaper British commodities, especially iron products, wool and cotton textiles, and agricultural goods.
		The second protective tariff of the 19th century, the Tariff of 1824 was the first in which the sectional interests of the North and the South truly came into conflict.
		The successor to the Tariff of 1824, the so-called Tariff of Abominations of 1828, was perhaps the most infamous of the protective tariffs for the controversy it incited known as the Nullification Crisis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tariff_of_1824 (331 words)

	Tariff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tax, tariff and trade rules in modern times are usually set together because of their common impact on industrial policy, investment policy and agricultural policy.
		Historians and economists have always been perplexed, because every analysis of the real economic impact of tariffs has shown their effect to be rather small on the economy as a whole, of minor importance to the economies of different regions, and of substantial importance to only a handful of industries (especially wool and automobiles).
		Whereas Aldrich was a New England businessman and a master of the complexities of the tariff, the Midwestern Republican insurgents were rhetoricians and lawyers who distrusted the special interests and assumed the tariff was sheer robbery for the benefit of fat cats at the expense of the ordinary consumer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tariff (3037 words)

	The Tariff Issue of 1824
		Clay was a proponent of protective tariffs to encourage domestic industries, urging that the revenues from such tariffs be used to establish a network of internal improvements.
		As these conditions prevailed, the Tariff Act of 1824 was passed, imposing duties on items not previously included and raising rates from 25 to 37 percent of the value of imported goods.
		That is the avowed and the direct purpose of the tariff.
	www.landandfreedom.org /ushistory/us7.htm (695 words)

	the development of core capitalism in the U.S.
		Tariff politics are one reflection the class forces that were contending for state power in the antebellum period.
		Tariffs on coarse woolen and cotton textiles came to be opposed by the Southern planters who were purchasing these commodities to clothe their slaves.
		Hofstadter (1964) used the Tariff of 1857 to attack the Beard and Beard (1964) thesis that the tariff was an important economic issue dividing the North and the South.
	www.irows.ucr.edu /cd/papers/ustariffpol.htm (13655 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.3, Entry 241, TARIFFS OF THE UNITED STATES.: Library of Economics and Liberty
		No sooner was the tariff of 1824 gained, when an agitation for higher duties was begun, the general depression and the illiberal commercial policies of other nations being the main pretexts.
		A provisional tariff bill, by which the operations of the existing tariff were to be continued until August, 1842, passed the house, but in the senate was amended by a proviso postponing the distribution of the proceeds of the public lands until the same date.
		In these years the tariff was carried from a low and revenue rate of duty to one of extreme protection—not for the sake of protection, but in order to obtain revenue.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy1011.html (9006 words)

	Taxation without representation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Although tariffs are a source of government revenue, tariffs are also used as part of political and economic policies.
		The trend to increase tariffs continued in the 1800s and early 1900s and was particularly strong during the early years of the Great Depression (1930s).
		Because that tariff resulted in higher prices of articles used in the agricultural South, it was bitterly denounced by representatives of the southern states.
	www.mcps.k12.md.us /schools/rmhs/media/SocialStudies/Taxationweb.htm (2138 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		And he also highly favored the tariff because it produced revenue that could be used to pay off the national debts, and help finance the national army.
		The tariff pushed woolen and cotton duties from 25 percent to 33 1/3 percent.
		It was obvious that the protective tariffs were responsible for the collapse of the upcoming cotton economy.
	www.kean.edu /~dmackenz/classes/papers/NullCrisis.doc (1405 words)

	Encyclopedia: Tariff of 1824
		The Tariff of 1816 was the first protectionist tariff in the United States.
		The American Civil War was fought in North America from 1861 until 1865 between the United States â€“ forces coming mostly from the 23 northern states of the Union â€“ and the newly-formed Confederate States of America, which consisted of 11 southern states that had declared their secession.
		The Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, was a protective tariff passed by the U.S. Congress in 1828.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tariff-of-1824 (787 words)

	Tariff of Abomination and Nullification Crisis
		Abomination tariff of 1828 and tariff of 1832 were passed in order to promote stimulation of northern states’ economy.
		Abomination tariff of 1828 pushed the duties on citizens as high as 45 percent on the value of certain manufactured items.
		Tariff of 1832 fell far short of meeting all southern demands.
	www.angelfire.com /fl5/siflinger/TARIFANDNULL.html (470 words)

	USA-Presidents.Info - Martin Van Buren
		In the presidential election of 1824 he appeared as a strong supporter of William H. Crawford, and received the electoral vote of Georgia for vice-president ; but he shrewdly kept out of the acrimonious controversy which followed the choice of John Quincy Adams.
		In the debate on the "tariff of abominations" in 1828 he took no part, but voted for the measure in obedience to instructions from the New York legislature —an action which was cited against him as late as the presidential campaign of 1844.
		His declarations during the campaign were vague regarding the tariff and unfavorable to the United States Bank and to nullification, but he had already somewhat placated the South by denying the right of Congress to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia without the consent of the slave states.
	www.usa-presidents.info /vanburen.htm (1914 words)

	history100jacksoniannationalism
		Before the election of 1824, this practice was changed because it was thought to violate the principles of American democracy and the separation of powers, by granting too much authority to the legislative branch of the government.
		The Democratic proponents of the tariff figured that once it was defeated, they could still claim in the North and West that they had created it (and thereby win political support), and in the South, they could claim to have defeated it, likewise winning southern votes.
		Since the Tariff of 1828 brought in record amounts of revenue for the federal government, allowing a budget surplus for the first time in U.S. history (and since Jackson’s veto of internal improvement spending, the money could not be touched), President Jackson asked the Congress to revise it in the Tariff of 1832.
	home.att.net /~history240/history100jacksoniannationalism.html (2145 words)

	Clay, Henry. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In this session he secured the western extension of the National Road and, against much opposition, eloquently carried through the Tariff of 1824.
		As a candidate for the presidency in 1824, Clay had the fourth largest number of electoral votes, and, with no candidate having a majority, the election went to the House, where the three highest were to be voted upon.
		South Carolina’s nullification of the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 as well as Jackson’s threats of armed invasion of that state allowed Clay to gain politically—working, even at the cost of his own protectionist views, toward a compromise with the John C. Calhoun faction, he helped to promote the Compromise Tariff of 1833.
	www.bartleby.com /65/cl/Clay-Hen.html (986 words)

	Niles and the New South
		With regard to the tariff, the Jeffersonian creed of the era was clear: "The work shops of Europe are the most proper to furnish the supplies of manufactures in the United States." Jefferson detested the huge, dirty European factories and considered them sores on the body politic.
		Although the first reaction to the tariff of 1816 was muted, tariff proposals of the 1820s and '30s elicited wild outrage.In outline, the argument ran something like this: Many Southerners believed nothing could be manufactured in the plantation system, and they feared a diversion of capital to Northern factories.
		He supported the sugar tariff -- not as a way to protect planters, but rather "as a means of advancing the prosperity of the United States." 58One only has to open a copy of the Register to find examples of Niles conciliatory and moderate tone on the tariff question in the 1820 - 1828 period.
	www.runet.edu /~wkovarik/papers/niles.html (7974 words)

	1816-1860: The Second American Party System and the Tariff
		A House bill to increase the entire tariff schedule by 5 percent — with even higher duties on cotton and wool cloth, finished clothing, iron, and hemp — passed the House but was not enacted.
		The marked upward revision of the tariff rates enacted by the Tariff of 1828, dubbed the Tariff of Abominations by its southern opponents, formed the basis for the nullification crisis.
		The party platform endorsed revenue tariffs designed to generate significant funds, part of which were to be distributed to the states to pay for internal improvements (roads and canals), another component of the American System.
	www.tax.org /museum/1816-1860.htm (2719 words)

	C:\bald.d\webstr2c.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		I had voted against the tariff of 1824, but it passed; and in 1827 and 1828 I voted to amend it, in a point essential to the interest of my constituents.
		Observe, Sir, that this resolution holds the tariff of 1828, and every other tariff designed to promote one branch of industry at the expense of another, to be such a dangerous, palpable, and deliberate usurpation of power, as calls upon the States, in their sovereign capacity, to interfere by their own authority.
		The tariff is a usurpation; it is a dangerous usurpation; it is a palpable usurpation; it is a deliberate usurpation.
	www.earlyrepublic.net /webstr2c.htm (7630 words)

	A Brief History Of Panics And Their Periodical Occurrence In The United States by Clément Juglar eBook by BookRags
		duty upon cottons and woollens, and its increased duties on all forms of manufactured iron, (the tariff of 1824 which increased duties considerably), and the tariff of 1828, imposing an average of 50 per cent.
		From this period, the advocacy of a high tariff in order to protect “Infant Industries,” no longer “Infant” was largely abandoned, and its advocacy was generally based upon the fallacy, less obvious then than now, of securing high wages to laborers by means of high import duties.
		From 1816, when protection was first resorted to, until today, tariff rates have been almost continually raised, mainly by votes of the agriculturists, misled by the manufacturers and politicians, influenced by the manufacturers’ money.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/7361/6.html (516 words)

	Tariff of 1824
		After having enacted the first true protective tariff in 1816, Congress continued the progression in 1824 by raising rates (over 30% on average) and by including such products as glass, lead, iron and wool in the protected category.
		This measure has sometimes been called the "Sectional Tariff of 1824." Northern and Western representatives joined together in passing the tariff, turning a deaf ear to complaints from the South.
		Memorabilia related to Tariff of 1824 is at auction on eBay.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h970.html (202 words)

	NARA - Center for Legislative Archives - Guide to Senate Records: Chapter 7 Commerce and Manufactures
		The principle subjects of the records are tariffs (all Congresses); harbor improvements such as lighthouses (16A-G2, 17A-D2, 17A-G2, 18A-G2.3); the regulation of shipping and revenue collection (all Congresses), and the welfare of sick and disabled seamen (15A-D2, 16A-G2, 16A-G2.2, 17A-D2).
		The single most prominent subject was the tariff, particularly the protectionist Tariff of 1824 (18A-D2).
		7.7 The Tariff of 1824 was a pivotal issue for the committee.
	www.archives.gov /legislative/guide/senate/chapter-07-1816-1825.html?template=print (585 words)

	17A Lecture 5
		Congress had increased the general tariff in 1824, from about 23 percent on dutiable goods to about 37 percent.
		Daniel Webster, who had earlier fought the mild Tariff of 1816, and John C. Calhoun, who had sponsored it, had by this time completely reversed their positions.
		If so, now was the time, and the tariff was the issue, for taking a strong stand on principle against all federal encroachments on states' rights.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/17alecture55.htm (5609 words)

	TARIFF FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Tax,_tariff_and_trade rules in modern times are usually set together because of their common impact on industrial_policy, investment_policy and agricultural_policy.
		The Tariff Act of 1789 was a key stage in breaking away from
		culmination came in the Tariff_of_1828, ridiculed by free traders as the "Tariff of Abominations", with duties averaging over 50 percent.
	www.witwik.com /tariff (2299 words)

	Dictionary of Australian Biography Sa-Sp
		His views on the tariff prevented his being elected as one of the Victorian delegates to the 1897 convention, but at the first federal election in 1901 he was elected as one of the senators for Victoria in spite of the opposition of the protectionist press.
		He was born on 28 July 1824 and was educated by private tutors and afterwards in Switzerland.
		He acutely pointed out that the lion in the path was the tariff question which federalists must either slay or be slain by.
	gutenberg.net.au /dictbiog/0-dict-biogSa-Sp.html (21523 words)

	us-events
		Tariff Act restores 10 percent reduction of 1872.
		The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act is signed by President Taft in keeping with his campaign promise to reduce tariffs.
		The Reciprocal Trade Agreement Amendment to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff is passed by Congress, reducing tariffs by up to 50 percent.
	www.duke.edu /~charvey/Country_risk/chronology/us-events.htm (5963 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The United States of America
		In 1832 Congress passed a new tariff law, which omitted many of the objectionable features of the Act of 1828, though it still contained the principle of protection.
		This declared the tariff law null and void so far as concerned South Carolina, forbade the payment of duties after 1 Feb., 1833, and prohibited appeals arising under the law from being taken to the United States courts.
		He proposed that the tariff of 1832 should be reduced gradually till 1842, when on all imported articles there should be an ad valorem duty of twenty per cent.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15156a.htm (21259 words)

	Tariff Table
		First protective tariff; Clay and Calhoun supported as part of American System; Southern cotton growers opposed; (Madison administration).
		President received authority to negotiate tariff reductions up to 50 percent; aimed primarily at European Economic Community (later European Union); (Kennedy administration).
		GATT talks aimed at tariff reduction, primarily with Western Europe; approximate 33 percent reductions; (L. Johnson administration).
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h963.html (467 words)

	National Communication Association
		In this paper I extend extant scholarship on prudential idioms (Jasinski 1995; 2003) in order to analyze one significant episode: the 1824 debate in the House of Representatives on a proposal (developed by the Committee on Manufactures) to revise the nation’s tariff rates.
		My analysis will demonstrate that tariff opponents (adherents to the Jeffersonian tradition of political economy) relied heavily on the prudential idiom of accommodation.
		As early as his 26 April 1820 speech on tariff reform, Henry Clay defended a more Hamiltonian approach to political economy by interweaving the idioms of accommodation and audacity.
	convention.allacademic.com /nca2004/view_paper_info.html?pub_id=1666&part_id1=1483&discussion_panel=f (377 words)

	Timeline 1815-1841 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Election of 1824 - none of the candidates (Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay) gains a majority; the election is thrown into the House of Representatives.
		Election of 1824 decided - Englander John Quincy Adams is chosen, resulting in a schism in the Democratic-Republican party: Adams-Clay faction is known as National Republicans (Whigs in 1830's), and the pro-Jackson faction become the Democratic Party after 1828.
		Tariff of 1832 adopted by Congress - more moderate than the Tariff of 1828, but still leaves the South dissatisfied.
	www.pinzler.com /ushistory/timeline4.html (918 words)

	Tariff of 1824
		The Tariff of 1824, also known as the Sectional Tariff of 1824, was a protective tariff in the United States designed to foster America's burgeoning industry in the face of cheaper British commodities, especially iron products, wool and cotten textiles, and agricultural goods.
		This page was last modified 00:20, 21 Apr 2005.
		The article about Tariff of 1824 contains information related to Tariff of 1824.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Tariff_of_1824 (335 words)

	Tariffs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Hawley Smoot Tariff of 1930 by the U.S. Congress
		It brought the U.S. tariff to its highest point in history
		The retaliatory tariffs of foreign nations caused a sharp decline in U.S. foreign trade
	members.aol.com /riptor273/apush/tariffs.htm (157 words)

	Abbott Lawrence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The Lawrences were slow to give up their belief in the wisdom of a policy of freedom of trade.
		After adoption of the Protective Tariff Act of 1824, it became apparent that it was useless to oppose what appeared to be a favorite policy with the rest of the country.
		In 1827, Abbott Lawrence was one of a seven man delegation sent to the famous Harrisburg Convention to discuss measures for promoting the interests of domestic manufacturers, and in 1834 and 1838, he accepted election to the Congress as the representative of Boston.
	www.lawrencefreelibrary.org /english/abbottl.htm (850 words)

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