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Topic: Taste

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Taste buds

Umami

Tongue

Flavor

Scent

JKD

Buttermilk

Sensory transduction

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Cinnamon

Tongue kiss

Parietal cell

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	Taste - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Taste is very similar to olfaction (the sense of smell), in which the chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium is detected by chemoreceptors.
		In humans, the sense of taste is transduced by taste buds and is conveyed via three of the twelve cranial nerves.
		In such contexts Taste begins to be used in a metaphorical sense to refer to certain degrees of cultural competence, closely related to the concept of discrimination; it can set distinctions between "tasteful" and "tasteless" or the embodiments of "good taste" or "bad taste", thus providing categories for social division and reinforcing cultural hierarchy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Taste (598 words)

	Smell & Taste
		Gustatory (taste nerve) cells react to food or drink mixed with saliva and are clustered in the taste buds of the mouth and throat.
		Taste and smell cells are the only cells in the nervous system that are replaced when they become old or damaged.
		Patients react to different chemical concentrations in taste testing; this may involve a simple "sip, spit, and rinse" test, or chemicals may be applied directly to specific areas of the tongue.
	www.entnet.org /healthinfo/topics/smell_taste.cfm (1125 words)

	The Sense of Taste
		Taste is the ability to respond to dissolved molecules and ions called tastants.
		Each taste bud has a pore that opens out to the surface of the tongue enabling molecules and ions taken into the mouth to reach the receptor cells inside.
		Although a single taste cell may have representatives of several types of receptor, one type may be more active than the others on that cell.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/Taste.html (756 words)

	The Physiology of Taste
		In mammals taste buds are aggregations of 30-100 individual elongated "neuroepithelial" cells (50-60 microns in height, 30-70 microns in width), which are often embedded in specializations of surrounding epithelium, termed papillae.
		In mammals taste buds are located throughout the oral cavity, in the pharynx, the laryngeal epiglottis and at the entrance of the eosophagus.
		Taste buds on the dorsal lingual epithelium are the most numerous and best-studied taste end-organs.
	www.cf.ac.uk /biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/taste.old (1171 words)

	Taste Detectors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Taste's important role has led many researchers to try and unravel the molecular mechanisms that enable the brain to perceive flavors.
		Past research suggested that salty and sour launch the process by acting through small pores on cells in the taste buds, known as channels, while sweet, bitter and umami launch the process by uniting with receptors, special detector proteins that reside on cells in the taste buds.
		They also plan to confirm whether umami is a separate taste category or a combination of other tastes by tracing the mechanisms of glutamate detection from the receptor to the brain.
	web.sfn.org /content/Publications/BrainBriefings/tastedetectors.html (756 words)

	Johns Hopkins Magazine - September 1996 Issue
		Salty and sour tend to be sensed on the sides of the tongue, and bitterness at the rear.
		Taste cells also vary in their threshold; a cell might prove impervious to sucrose, but respond to the much sweeter saccharine.
		Even though the mouth itself is generally protected, small patches of taste cells on the tongue may quit, and a lifetime of colds and ear infections can damage the nerve axons for taste as they pass through the middle ear.
	www.jhu.edu /~jhumag/996web/taste.html (1299 words)

	Mindjack - Taste Tribes
		Taste is based upon a certain set of assumptions about what is good or bad in the world.
		This is also a function of taste tribes – but unlike them, the coolhunter is not neotenic for the sheer love of it.
		Taste tribes may turn out to be the best way to filter out the bad media and let in the good – to turn up the signal and wipe out the noise, as Peter Gabriel says on his most recent album.
	www.mindjack.com /feature/tastetribes.html (2907 words)

	Dictionary Information: Definition Taste - Description Meaning Thesaurus
		To have a smack; to excite a particular sensation, by which the specific quality or flavor is distinguished; to have a particular quality or character; as, this water tastes brackish; the milk tastes of garlic.
		^ Taste depends mainly on the contact of soluble matter with the terminal organs (connected with branches of the glossopharyngeal and other nerves) in the papillæ on the surface of the tongue.
		Some consider taste as a mere sensibility, and others as a simple exercise of judgment; but a union of both is requisite to the existence of anything which deserves the name.
	www.selfknowledge.com /96869.htm (692 words)

	The Physiology of Taste - by Tim Jacob
		Taste buds, on the other hand, are collections of cells on these papillae and cannot be seen by the naked eye.
		Taste buds on the dorsal lingual epithelium are the most numerous (total number of taste buds, all classes, = 4600 per tongue) and best-studied taste end-organs.
		Artichokes have the opposite effect, enhancing sweet taste (the active compounds in this case are chlorogenic acid and cynarin) by suppression of sour and bitter taste receptors.
	www.cf.ac.uk /biosi/staff/jacob/teaching/sensory/taste.html (2284 words)

	Chicago Sun-Times: Taste of Chicago 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		And in the early years the mission of Taste was in danger of being swallowed up by favoritism, politics and too many cooks spoiling the broth.
		The swelling crowds had Taste restaurant owners walking around with dollar signs in their eyes, and restaurant owners who were not in Taste were trying to figure out how to wrangle an invite to participate.
		Taste of Chicago now draws millions (3.5 million and up, depending on who you talk to) into Grant Park to feast and have fun at one of the grandest and most magnificent food fests (and entertainment arenas) anywhere.
	www.suntimes.com /special_sections/taste/taste24a.html (901 words)

	Monell CHemical Senses Center - NEUROSCIENCE AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
		Taste responses to foods and beverages are mediated by receptor cells located in taste buds scattered over the tongue, palate, and throat.
		In the receptor cells, taste stimuli activate pathways that ultimately result in the release of neurotransmitter, which acts to change the activity of adjoining nerve fibers carrying signals to the brain.
		Biochemical and biophysical studies are exploring the mechanisms that generate taste signals in the receptor cells, while molecular biological and molecular genetic techniques are being used to identify taste receptor proteins, ion channels, and components of the cellular second messenger pathways involved in generating taste responses.
	www.monell.org /neuroscience.htm (724 words)

	taste on Encyclopedia.com
		TASTE [taste] response to chemical stimulation that enables an organism to detect flavors.
		In man and most vertebrate animals, taste is produced by the stimulation by various substances of the taste buds on the mucous membrane of the tongue.
		Taste test panelist Pat Patterson of Manhattan, Kansas, tastes a green tea sample and rates it on taste, scent and color.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/t1/taste.asp (1035 words)

	Neuroscience for Kids - Taste
		cranial nerves that innervate the tongue and are used for taste: the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) and the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX).
		Older people have a reduced sense of taste because their taste buds are not replaced as fast those in younger people.
		Taste disorders can also be caused by drugs used to treat epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.
	faculty.washington.edu /chudler/tasty.html (470 words)

	Taste - impaired (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Taste impairment ranges from distorted taste to a complete loss of taste.
		Taste abnormalities can be caused by anything that interrupts the transfer of taste stimuli to the brain, or conditions that affect the way the brain interprets taste stimuli.
		A physical examination may be performed with emphasis on the taste and smelling senses and may include examination of nose, throat, and ears.
	www.shands.org /health/information/article/003050.htm (380 words)

	Taste (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thus, clarifying the definitions of "taste" may be as complicated an endeavor as elucidating the meanings of "sensibility." Moreover, the metaphorical associations of "taste" set it in nearly as suggestive a constellation of significance as that of "sensibility."
		Hume, Burke, and Gerard, among others, write essays explicitly devoted to investigating taste, and in these works there is a constant slippage between the physical-sensory, aesthetic, and moral domains, which is facilitated by the two principal levels of the word's meaning.
		The external sense of taste provides a model for understanding judgments of art (and moral standards are vaguely but essentially tied to aesthetic ones).
	www.engl.virginia.edu /enec981/termpages/taste.html (280 words)

	Introduction to TASTE - Transcendent Experiences of Scientists
		Related words which describe the kinds of experiences I am soliciting for posting on this TASTE site are spiritual, mystical, psychic or paranormal, all imprecise ways of describing experiences which seem to transcend the ordinary limits of the physical world.
		The TASTE project is an attempt to work toward rectifying this strange, scientistic situation where too many people are forced to deny or repress parts of their own human experience.
		As part of keeping TASTE a psychologically safe place for scientists to submit their transcendent experiences, e.g., the psychological tone of commentaries must be respectful of the experience and experiencer they are commenting on.
	www.issc-taste.org /main/introduction.shtml (1201 words)

	Neuroscience for Kids
		The taste buds on the tongue are, of course, important for the flavor of food.
		Taste one of the items and record whether it tastes sweet, bitter, sour or salty.
		In other words, you can say, "The jelly beans you taste will be either cherry, orange, lime or lemon." Tell your subject to look at the jelly bean in container #1 of the first group and then taste the jelly bean.
	faculty.washington.edu /chudler/chtaste.html (1063 words)

	TASTE for extroverts and perverts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Taste is Edinburgh’s original and longest running gay-friendly club night that brings together like-minded people who enjoy a club environment free from hassle and bad attitudes and for whom sexuality is not an issue.
		We feel that this philosophy has helped Taste grow from being a regular party for ourselves and our friends into one of Edinburgh’s most popular nights.
		If you are a visitor or plan to travel some distance call our 24 hour Event Line: 0131-557 4656 or email us and get your name on the door list, so we can expect you.
	www.taste-clubs.com (283 words)

	taste
		Our sense of taste is not as keen as our sense of smell (i.e., more molecules of a food product are required for taste than smell; coffee, e.g., smells richer than it tastes).
		The "hot taste" of Tuscan oils, gumbos, and chili peppers is sensed, as a tactile irritant, by cranial nerve V (the trigeminal [see below, Trigeminal "taste"]), which also enjoys the carbonation of soda pop, the "coolness" of mint, and the alcoholic "bite" of martinis, margaritas, and wine.
		Taste cues are conducted through cranial nerves VII, IX, and X to the gustatory nucleus, which projects to the thalamus.
	members.aol.com /nonverbal3/taste.htm (780 words)

	Taste - Early Rory Gallagher
		Taste was a blues/rock power trio from Ireland in the late 1960s.
		Rory: The first Taste had come over in May and split in August...then John and Richard joined and we got the recording contract with Polydor, who'd had their eye on Taste for some time.
		ZZ: I won't ask about the Taste split up because you must have gone over that enough times already, but I’d be interested to know how you found your present band...
	www.lastoftheindependents.com /tastebio.htm (1342 words)

	Rory Gallagher Discography - Taste
		Out of one of those groups came the first line-up of Taste, a three-piece blues-rock band who were pioneers of the ‘60’s rock trio sound along with Cream and the Jimi Hendrix Experience.
		They were hailed in New Musical Express by John Lennon, who found Taste an especially bright spot in what he thought was a dismal musical year, and was impressed by Gallagher's playing and singing talents.
		Taste were also among the star attractions at Britain's Woodstock - The Isle of Wight Festival- where they shared the stage with Hendrix and the Doors.
	www.lastoftheindependents.com /taste.htm (157 words)

	Taste Theme Page
		A lesson plan for upper elementary students which has a hands-on activity that teaches them how tastes are identified when flavour molecules fit into the proper taste bud pits.
		The goals of this lesson plan are to have students identify things by their sense of taste and be able to classify them as bitter, sour, sweet, salty, and umami.
		This page from Newton's Apple has an explanation why taste and smell are related and an experiment to explore which sense (taste or smell) sends the clearest message to the brain.
	www.cln.org /themes/taste.html (496 words)

	Taste Documentation
		Taste provides a rich set of components from which you can construct a customized recommender system from a selection of algorithms.
		Taste comes with an example web application which can recommend movies based on publicly-available research data available from the University of Minnesota's fantastic GroupLens project.
		Taste can also be run as an external server, which may be the only option for non-Java applications.
	taste.sourceforge.net (1172 words)

	Taste -- The Five Senses Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A: Taste is when you determine the flavor and palatability of food.
		Taste gives you signals of dangerous gases and toxic food.
		You can taste sweets in the front of your tongue and sour taste at both sides of your tongue At the back, you taste bitter things.
	freda.auyeung.net /5senses/taste.htm (145 words)

	Taste for Makers
		If you mention taste nowadays, a lot of people will tell you that "taste is subjective." They believe this because it really feels that way to them.
		After dinning into you that taste is merely a matter of personal preference, they take you to the museum and tell you that you should pay attention because Leonardo is a great artist.
		The second phase in the growth of taste is a conscious attempt at originality.
	www.paulgraham.com /taste.html (3995 words)

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