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	Tatar language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages.
		Tatar is the official language of the Republic of Tatarstan.
		Tatar's ancestors are the extinct Bolgar and Kipchak languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tatar_language (1591 words)

	Tatar alphabet -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		However, from 1939 until 2000, the Tatar language was written in a modified (An alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages) Cyrillic alphabet.
		The first printed Tatar book used the (A writing system having an alphabet of 38 letters in which the Armenian language is written) Armenian alphabet in the 17th century and was printed in (A city in southeastern Germany famous for fairs; formerly a music and publishing center) Leipzig (However, this is disputed).
		This alphabet is related to (A member of a rural Finnish people living in eastern Russia) Mari alphabet and was used because Christianizated Tatars couldn't use Arabic script.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/ta/tatar_alphabet.htm (1051 words)

	Encyclopedia: Tatar alphabet
		The Tatar language (Tatar tele, TatarÃ§a) is an Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages.
		Old Tatar language (İske Tatar tele) is a literary language used in the Khanate of Kazan and among Muslim Tatars.
		This alphabet is related to the Mari alphabet and was used because Christian Tatars couldn't use the Arabic script.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tatar-alphabet (2317 words)

	Tatar language, alphabet and pronunciation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Tatar is a Turkic language with about 7 million speakers in Russian republic of Tatarstan, and also in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkey (Europe), Turkmenistan, Ukraine, USA and Uzbekistan.
		In 1939 the Cyrillic alphabet was imposed by Stalin.
		Azeri, Kazak, Kyrghyz, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Uyghur, Uzbek, Yakut
	www.omniglot.com /writing/tatar.htm (274 words)

	Tatar alphabet
		Crimean Tatar language has its own written form, with some differences from the Kazan Tatar orthography: no x, w, ä or í.
		Tatar writing is full phoneticaly, full WYSIWYS (What you see is what you say).
		The transition to a revised Latin alphabet should be complete in 2011, if current legal obstacles do not prevent it.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/tatar_alphabet (463 words)

	INTENSIVE ELEMENTARY TATAR
		Tatar is the official language of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russian Federation).
		Outside of Tatarstan, there are large populations of Tatars in the Volga region, Siberia, Moscow, St. Petersburg and other regions of Russia, as well as in newly independent states, such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.
		Tatar belongs to the Turkic branch of the Altaic language family.
	www.asu.edu /clas/reesc/cli/tatarsyll.htm (847 words)

	[ www.RegionalAnalysis.org ]
		Latin script was introduced for the Tatar language at the beginning of the 20th century.
		Inevitably, the alphabet issue was one of the hot topics during this period, and many Tatars called for a return to a Latin-based script.
		First, such an alphabet would eliminate the problem presented by Cyrillic whereby a single Cyrillic letter is used to represent two different phonemes in Russian and Tatar, the republic's two state languages.
	www.regionalanalysis.org /specialreports/specialreports/en/2003/04/guil_speech.asp (694 words)

	The Crimean Tatar Chronology
		The Crimean Tatar population which was estimated to be over five million during the height of the Crimean Khanate rule, decreased to less than 300,000 on the eve of the Bolshevik Revolution.
		The golden age of Crimean Tatar nationalism ended in 1927 when Veli Ibrahim and his colleagues were arrested and executed for being "Bourgeois nationalists." Thousands of Crimean Tatars perished during the deportation of rich peasants, the Kulaks.
		It was during this meeting that the Crimean Tatars decided to appeal to the new leadership in Moscow to resolve their problem once and for all.
	www.euronet.nl /users/sota/krfacts.html (1225 words)

	«THE TATAR GAZETTE»
		The Tatars were not welcomed from the very beginning, and the Tatar part of the nomenclature couldn’t reproduct itself, not every leader’s child could rule even having a most powerful protection.
		They don’t explain that only Burtases, the ancestors of Tatars, and Mokshas lived on the territory of the modern RM and that the Erzia were forced out here from the territory of the modern Nizhni Novgorod region only in the 14 century, in the times of the prime of the Golden Horde.
		The allies were eager to get the property of Tatars in trouble, Mustafa was to have his treasure with him, because he came for the wintering and he had to pay for the service, and he couldn’t have left all his money, gold and property somewhere in the open field.
	tatar.yuldash.com /eng_021.html (4033 words)

	[No title]
		It took the Gromyko Commission eleven months to study the Crimean Tatar problem, and on July 9, 1988, it declared that due to the demographic changes in the Crimea it was not possible for the Crimean Tatars to return to Crimea and have their autonomous republic reinstated.
		On June 26, 1991, the historic Second Crimean Tatar Kurultay was convened and Mustafa Jemilev was elected the chairman and Refat Chubarov as the deputy chairman of the thirty-three member Crimean Tatar Mejlis.
		* A judicious representation of the Crimean Tatars in the Crimean Parliament.
	www.euronet.nl /users/sota/ctnm.htm (3813 words)

	ipedia.com: Tatar language Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Tatar language or Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça) is a very ancient Turkic language and belongs to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages.
		The literary Tatar language is based on the Kazan Tatar language's Middle (Tatarstan) dialect and the Old Tatar Language (İske Tatar Tele).
		Kazan Tatar language is also native for 400,000 Bashkirs (especially living in Ufa) and some thousands Maris.
	www.ipedia.com /tatar_language.html (416 words)

	FAQ about Tatars and Tatarstan with answers
		11,517 Tara Tatars, in the valleys of Irtysh and Tara.
		the Crimean Tatars (1905-1916)" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Uni-
		Tatar is one of the 130 languages spoken in the former
	www.turkiye.net /sota/tatarfaq.html (4800 words)

	[No title]
		234) The ancestors of the Volga Tatars attained a high level of urban civi- lization in the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries and their culture was not destroyed either by the Mongol invasion of the 13th century or by the Russian conquest of the 16th.
		Tatar is one of the 130 languages spoken in the former Soviet Union.
		Zakiev, M.Z. Tatar khalik teleneng barlikka kilue [The emergence of the Tatar vernacular].
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9724/Tatar_FAQ.txt (5877 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages Issue 24.
		Chuvash is more distinctive than Tatar as a form of Turkic (being the only survivor of Turkic's western branch), and probably goes back to the speech of the Volga Bulgars, who reached this area in the 7th century AD.
		For all these savage intra-Turkic wars, the "Tatar yoke" of Turkic dominance over the Russians was not shaken until Ivan the Terrible issued from Moscow and subdued Kazan, the Tatar capital, in 1552.
		For the Tatars, the leading linguist M.Z. Zakiyev is all in favour, not least as a way of combatting the pernicious effects on pronunciation which come about when people who hardly know the language (as the modern generation) come to it through Russian spelling.
	www.ogmios.org /241.htm (959 words)

	History of Tatarstan. Volga Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The historical fate of Tatar People, its culture, arising and development of Kazan - the capital of Tatarstan - are intertwining with the history of Volga Bulgaria, Golden Horde, Kazan Khanate, Russian State.
		(In 1928 the Arabic alphabet was substituted by the Latin one; in 1938 the contemporary Tatar alphabet on the basis of Cyrillic alphabet was adopted).
		The characteristic elements of Bulgaria culture were the jewellery of gold, silver, bronze, copper; pottery with engraved ornament; metal open-work decorations; bronze locks in the form of animals; leather goods; clothes decorated with beads and silver.
	www.kcn.ru /tat_en/history/h_bulge.html (318 words)

	e-Tatars
		It was estimated that between 1783 and 1920, some 1.800.000 Crimean Tatars were forced to emigrate to the Ottoman Empire and thus became a "minority" in their ancestral homeland.
		Most of the members of the Crimean Tatar diaspora, who left Crimea more than a hundred years ago, are not aware of the history of their ancestral land and the current situation in Crimea.
		The Crimean Tatars who were born in the former Soviet Union speak Russian and even Crimean Tatar is written in the Cyrillic alphabet.
	www.isoc.org /inet2001/CD_proceedings/U45/etatars.htm (3969 words)

	Alphabets derived from the Latin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Variants of the Latin alphabet are used by the writing systems of many languages throughout the world.
		The letters J, W and U (or, rather the distinction between I and J, between U and V and between W and VV) were added to the Latin alphabet only in Mediæval times, as were the digraphs Æ and and all lowercase letters.
		The Norwegian alphabet is currently identical with the Danish alphabet, but lately it has been proposed to add the letter Kjell to the Norwegian alphabet (after the letter L), so that the sound which is commonly spelled kj may be written with a single letter.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/Alphabets-derived-from-the-Latin.htm (660 words)

	Pravda.RU:Long live Cyrillic alphabet! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In 1972 they started using the Roman alphabet, the Turkish modification of it – Yanalif, as they call it (it means “the new alphabet”), but in 1993 they started using the Cyrillic.
		The Cyrillic alphabet does not at all have any characters to indicate several letters of the Tatar alphabet, but there are a lot of character, which do not have any Tatar equivalents.
		One of them offers to institute the norm, pursuant to which only Cyrillic alphabet can be used as the alphabet of the state language of the Russian Federation and its republics.
	english.pravda.ru /main/2002/06/08/29983_.html (583 words)

	Tatar translation by Tatar translator - Immigration documents
		The Tatar language was influenced by Oguz of the Ottoman Turkish.
		The phonetics and lexicon of the literary language are close to the Central dialect, and the morphology to the Western dialect.
		Now, speaking Tatar language is associated with the national identity and ethnic differentiation.
	www.online-languagetranslators.com /tatar.htm (850 words)

	Minority languages of Russia on the Net - Fonts and keyboards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The standard for Cyrillic Tatar fonts based on the Windows 1251 encoding was accepted by the government of Tatarstan in 1996.
		The Cyrillic Tatar alphabet is supported by the Windows 2000 and XP operation systems in accordance with the Unicode standard.
		The Cyrillic Tatar encoding is also supported by the Eurasian fonts.
	www.peoples.org.ru /eng_font.html (1161 words)

	Media, Language Policy and Cultural Change in Tatarstan:
		The Arabic alphabet, created for the Arabic language, did not of course fully accord with the peculiarities of the phonetics of the Bulgar-Tatar language. Although additional signs were used for some sounds, the complete adaptation of Arabic graphics to the phonetics of the Tatar language remained unrealised, though by the mid-1920s it was highly developed.
		[9] According to the last census, the rural population is 65.5% Tatar, whilst in cities it is 42.1% (State Committee of RSFSR for Statistics, 1990:4). In Kazan, Tatars make up 40.5% of the population, whilst 54.7% are Russians (Moustafin and Khouzeev, 1994:85).
		State Committee of RSFSR for Statistics, Tatar Republican Department for Statistics (1990) The Results of the General Census of the USSR Population in 1989, Vol.2: ‘Ethnic Content of the Population of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic’.
	myweb.lsbu.ac.uk /~hammonpb/2000c.html (1928 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Tatarstan's Supreme Court on 28 December ruled that a case filed by Tatarstan's prosecutor against the 1999 Tatar law allowing for the use of Latin script for the Tatar alphabet contradicted federal legislation, Tatar-inform and Regnum reported.
		Meanwhile, Tatar State Council Chairman Farid Mukhametshin told a press conference on 28 December that the ongoing experiment on teaching Tatar in Latin script in secondary schools will be continued.
		The service, which focuses on orders in the Tatar and Russian languages and offers Tatar national gifts, operates in Kazan as well as several cities and towns of Tatarstan and is represented in Moscow.
	www.rferl.org /reports/tb-weekly-report/2005/01/0-040105.asp (2858 words)

	Tatarstan: Russia rejects republic’s bid to switch alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		MOSCOW — Russia’s Constitutional Court on Tuesday rejected a suit by the Republic of Tatarstan seeking to use the Latin alphabet for the Tatar language, news agencies reported.
		In the suit, lawmakers and the Supreme Court of Tatarstan, a central Russian region where ethnic Tatars outnumber ethnic Russians, challenged the constitutionality of a 2002 law that mandates the use of the Cyrillic alphabet for all official languages.
		It adopted the Cyrillic alphabet in 1939 under Soviet dictator Josef Stalin, who sought to Russify all regions of the Soviet Union, no matter what their ethnic makeup.
	www.unpo.org /news_detail.php?arg=51&par=1503 (352 words)

	Culture : The Republic of Tatarstan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		There are 12 theatrical-entertainment institutions: the Tatar State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre n.a.
		K.Tinchurin, Tatar State Puppets Theatre “Ekiyet”, Kazan State Theatre of Young Spectator, Kazan Tatar State Theatre of Young Spectator, Almetievsk Tatar State Drama Theatre, Bugulma State Russian Drama Theatre, Menzelinsk State Drama Theatre n.a.
		During the recent time Days of the Tatar culture were celebrated in Mari El Republic, Days of Chuvash literature in RT, Days of Germany in RT, Days of Republic of Tatarstan in Kazakhstan within the framework of Days of Russia in Kazakhstan, Days of RT in Turkey and Days of the Swedish culture in Kazan.
	www.tatar.ru /english/00000008.html (1206 words)

	Language Training
		Slowed speech, repetition or paraphrase may be needed to sustain comprehension of utterances.
		Excerpts from The Volga Tatars: a Profile in National Resilience, by Azade-Ayshe Rorlich
		Language "Purity" and the De-Russification of Tatar, by Suzanne Wertheim
	www.asu.edu /clas/reesc/cli/tatsyll.htm (1117 words)

	Re[2]: Writing Tatar using the Latin script; new characters to encode?
		Therefore this Latin alphabet was in some sense officially in > force for a period.
		For this reason (and also for historical reason) Latin alphabet for Tatar language exists.
		I.e., you should know that many Azerbaijan officials write their public speeches in Cyrillic script, so the secretararies need to transliterate them into Latin before publishing.
	www.mail-archive.com /unicode@unicode.org/msg26051.html (778 words)

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