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Topic: Tatars

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	Chinese History - Tartars éé¼ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Taiwan R.O.C. The earliest mention of the Tatars (also called Dada é”é¼, è¾¾æ“, é”é”, Dadan é”æ, é”æ—¦, Tatan å¡”å£, Tatar å¡”å¡”å’) as Oghuz-Tatar is found on a stone inscription in archaic Turkish from the 8th cenutry.
		The first mention of the Tatars in Chinese sources occurs around 840 when they migrated south to modern Mongolia where the tribes of the Huihu åé¶» had lived.
		During the 10th century they sent embassors to the Liao Dynasty é¼ court whose emperor enfeoffed the Tatar chieftain as king and installed military commisioners (jiedushi ç¯åº¦ä½¿) and so-called bandit suppression commissioners (zhaotaoshi æè¨ä½¿) in the area of the river Orkhon.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Altera/tatars.html (337 words)

	Tatars. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The original Tatars probably came from E central Asia or central Siberia; unlike the Mongols, they spoke a Turkic language and were possibly akin to the Cumans or Kipchaks and the Pechenegs.
		Internal divisions, the expansion of Moscow, the invasion by Timur, and the appearance of the Ottoman Turks contributed to the disintegration of the Tatar empire in the late 15th cent.
		The Crimean Tatars themselves—except for the large numbers that emigrated to Turkey at the time of the Russian conquest of Crimea and after the Crimean War—remained in the Crimea until World War II and formed the basis of the Crimean Autonomous SSR, founded in 1921.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ta/Tatars.html (656 words)

	Tatars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tatars of Siberia are survivors of the once numerous Turkic-Mongolian population of the Ural-Altaic region, mixed to some extent with the speakers of Uralic languages, as well as with Mongols.
		Because it is understandable to all groups of Russian Tatars, as well as to the Chuvash and Bashkirs, the language of the Kazan Tatars became a literary one in the 15th century (iske tatar tele).
		Western Tatars capital is the town of Qasím (Kasimov in Russian transcription) in Ryazan Oblast with Tatar population of 500.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tatars (4577 words)

	TATARS - LoveToKnow Article on TATARS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The name of Tatars, or Tartars, given to the invaders, was afterwards extended so as to include different stems of the same Turkish branch in Siberia, and even the bulk of the inhabitants of the high plateau of Asia and its N.W. slopes, described under the general name of Tartary.
		The Kazan Tatars speak a pure Turkish dialect; they are middle-sized, broad-shouldered and strong, and mostly have fl eyes, a straight nose and salient cheek bones.
		(9) The Abakan or Minusinsk Tatars occupied the steppes on the Abakan and Yus in the 17th century, after the withdrawal of the Kirghizes, and represent a mixture with Kaibals (whom Castren considers as partly of Ostiak and partly Samoyedic origin) and Beltirsalso of Finnish origin.
	61.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TA/TATARS.htm (1597 words)

	[No title]
		Tatars --and other Turk groups-- seem never to have entertained the thought of including the first "r." Throughout recent history, the term Tatar has been further distorted by other Western authors in applications that had no bearing on the original tribe, descendent or deeds.
		One Tatar Communist leader, Veli Ibrahimov was able, in his capacity as Chairman of the Central Committee and of the Council of Ministers in Crimea, to continue the work of the pre-revolutionary Tatar nationalist government.
		Tatar leadership in education and the press was replaced by Russian and Ukrainian communist cadres.
	www.angelfire.com /on/paksoy/crimean.html (3674 words)

	Tartar nobility of the Polish Commonwealth
		The use of Lipka for Lithuania occurs in the diplomatic correspondence [jarłyki] of the Crimean Tatar khan Gerejs with the Polish kings in the 16th century and later.
		The Tatars with the notion of Vattad, i.e.
		The Lithuanian Tatars comprised four social groups, which in the territories of the Commonwealth, and particularly in Lithuania, reflected the social organisation of the Golden Horde.
	www.szlachta.org /2selim.htm (731 words)

	East Asian Studies 210 Notes: The West Siberian Tatars
		All Tatars are also descended in part from the numerous tribes of nomadic Turks who became subjects of the vast Mongol Empire in the 13th century.
		One of the main festivals of traditional Tatar culture is the sabantui, a harvest festival held in the fall.
		Second, the Tatar practice of exacting a fur tribute (yasak) from their local forest subjects was adopted by the Russians and extended in the next 150 years to all parts of Siberia capable of producing valuable furs.
	pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ea210/tatar.htm (1058 words)

	A. Rorlich - Origin of the Volga Tatars
		The Mongols and the Mongol Tatars, who were minorities in Batu Khan's army and even smaller minorities among the peoples of the "Golden Horde" that had emerged after Batu's conquest of the ulus beyond the Urals, underwent a process of assimilation by the Turkic peoples among whom they settled.
		Later, they [the Tatars] mixed with them [Kypchaks], and the land had priority over their racial and natural qualities and they [the Tatars] became like Kypchaks, as they were of the same origin with them, because the Tatars settled on their lands, married them, and remained to live on their lands.
		Khalikov, Proiskhozhdenie Tatar Povolzh'ia i Priural'ia (Kazan, 1978), pp.
	members.tripod.com /~Groznijat/fadlan/rorlich1.html (2937 words)

	The Lithuanian Tatars
		It is recorded that the overall number of Tatars on Lithuanian territory at the time of the 1897 census was 4,500 and in 1989, 5,100.
		For example, the Tatar women were relativley free, the polygamy characteristic of Muslims did not exist, and the children attended co-ed schools.
		The Tatars did not differ from other people in their dress or in their architecture but certain peculiarities could be observed at home.
	www.kresy.co.uk /lith_tatars.html (919 words)

	Crimean Tatars and Noghais in Turkey
		The Tatar activists reported that it is difficult to compute the number of Tatar population, as elsewhere in Turkey, for the official census does not include minorities.
		Tatars say they do not have another alternative and do not want their children to be hindered in their professional career as they themselves once were.
		Tatar with the least traces of the influence of Turkish is encountered in the conversation of the elders, undisturbed by television and other people who do not speak Tatar.
	www.iccrimea.org /scholarly/jankowski.html (5352 words)

	Crimean Tatar Home Page
		Today more than 250,000 Crimean Tatars are back in their homeland, struggling to reestablish their lives and reclaim their national and cultural rights against many social and economic obstacles.
		B.S. Ç: A Crimean Tatar Poet by I.Bowman
		A Bibliographic Essay on Crimean Tatars by N. Eren
	www.euronet.nl /users/sota/krimtatar.html (410 words)

	The Deportation and Fate of the Crimean Tatars
		All Tatars are to be exiled from the territory of the Crimea and settled permanently as special settlers in regions of the Uzbek SSR." The resolution entrusted Lavrentry Beria of the NKVD and Lazar Kaganovich of the NKPS (Peoples Commissariat of Transportation) to carry out the expulsion of the Crimean Tatars to Uzbekistan.
		The official Soviet explanation for the deportations was that the Crimean Tatars betrayed the USSR and collaborated with Nazi Germany.
		In 1941 the NKVD deported the Soviet Germans and Finns, in 1943 the Karachays and Kalmyks, and in 1944 the Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, Crimean Tatars, and Meskhetian Turks.
	www.iccrimea.org /scholarly/jopohl.html (7708 words)

	Short Visit. Lithuanian Tatars
		The Tatars are a unique ethnic group currently living in Lithuania, in the western part of Belarus, and along the eastern border of Poland.
		Lithuanian Tatars are descended from the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate.
		In 1997 the 600th anniversary of the settlement of Tatars and Karaims in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was celebrated.
	alka.mch.mii.lt /visuomene/totoriai/trumpa.en.htm (440 words)

	Crimean Tatars
		The Crimean Tatars are a Turkic people who inhabited Crimean peninsula from at least the 13th century to Word War II, when they were deported to Central Asia by Stalin's orders.
		The word Tatar appears in the Kultigin tablets, which were erected in early 8th century AD and are located close to the Orkhon river near the Mongolian border.
		By extension the term "Tatar," or "Tartar" was applied by outsiders to almost all groupings of Turkish origin including numerous Turkish confederations present on the Eurasian steppe before 13th century: Kipcahks, Khazars, Pechenegs and a variety of others.
	www.euronet.nl /users/sota/paksoy14.html (3503 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		Today the Lithuanian Tatars live in the western part of the Minsk Region of Byelorussia, in the region northeast of Brest and in the Grodno Region.
		According to their legends they are the descendants of the wanderers far from the Baltic coast -- Nogays and Crimean Tatars -- who were brought to Lithuania as prisoners of war.
		Islam set the rules and regulations for everyday Tatar life (holidays, the observance of Friday, food etc.) but, at least in the 19th century, they were not rigorously followed and concessions were made for local peculiarities.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/lithuanian_tatars.shtml (1029 words)

	Tatar.Net - Crimean Tatar Internet Resources
		Crimean Tatars: The Diaspora Experience and the Forging of a Nation - Brian Glyn Williams
		Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland - Edward A. Allworth (Editor)
		The Crimean Tatars: Studies of the Nationalities in the U.S.S.R.: Number 166 - Alan W. Fisher
	www.tatar.net (178 words)

	Tatars on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Tatar, Ismet, Kibris Sandiklari / Dowry Chests of Cyprus.
		TATARS [Tatars] or Tartars, Turkic-speaking peoples living primarily in Russia.
		Crimean Tatars in Ukraine block traffic ahead of 62nd anniversary of WWII deportations
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/T/Tatars.asp (777 words)

	FAQ about Tatars and Tatarstan with answers
		11,517 Tara Tatars, in the valleys of Irtysh and Tara.
		the Crimean Tatars (1905-1916)" (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Uni-
		Tatar is one of the 130 languages spoken in the former
	www.turkiye.net /sota/tatarfaq.html (4800 words)

	Tatars
		Tatar Strait - Tatar Strait, narrow body of water, c.350 mi (560 km) long and from 5 to 80 mi (8–129 km)...
		Tatars: The Tatar Empire - The Tatar Empire The original Tatars probably came from E central Asia or central Siberia; unlike...
		Tatars: Disintegration of the Empire - Disintegration of the Empire Internal divisions, the expansion of Moscow, the invasion by Timur,...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0847927.html (181 words)

	Crimean Tatars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Crimea Peninsula is situated in the Black Sea the South of the Ukraine and is connected with the mainland by an isthmus of 8 km.
		The Crimean Tatars are represented by their movement, the Crimean Tatars Parliament ”Milli Mejlis” in the UNPO.
		Crimean Tatars made progress in the struggle for recognition of their rights and for resettlement of repatriated Tatars.
	www.unpo.org /member.php?arg=20 (618 words)

	EurasiaNet Culture - Headed Home: Crimean Tatars Struggle to Leave Uzbekistan
		Their message symbolizes the tragedy of Central Asia’s remaining Crimean Tatars, a nation charged en masse of Nazi collaboration during World War II and brutally deported by Stalin from their homeland in Ukraine’s Crimea.
		Almost 100,000 Crimean Tatars are said to live in Uzbekistan today, the survivors and offspring of more than 150,000 people deported here during the lightning-strike deportations of May 1944.
		Crimean Tatars estimate that 46 percent of their people died during deportation, resettlement and the hard labor that followed.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/culture/articles/eav062504.shtml (1505 words)

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