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Topic: Taupo Volcanic Zone

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	Taupo Volcanic Zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Rotorua caldera produced its most recent giant eruption about 140,000 years ago, while Taupo erupted 800 cubic kilometers of material 26,500 years ago (800 times more material than the Mt St Helens eruption in 1980) this is possibly the earths largest volcanic eruption in recent geological time.
		There is no volcanic activity to the southeast, although subduction zone continues as far south as Kaikoura, where the plate boundary changes to continental collision which is uplifting the Southern Alps in the South Island.
		A subduction zone reappears south west of Fiordland, at the south western corner of the South Island.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Taupo_Volcanic_Zone (493 words)

	physics - Lake Taupo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Lake Taupo is a lake situated on the North Island of New Zealand.
		The town of Taupo is situated on the north-eastern shore of the lake, and Turangi is at the lake's southern extremity.
		Taupo town was founded in 1869 as a garrison town during the New Zealand Land Wars, but remained small due to the poor volcanic soils of the region.
	www.physicsdaily.com /physics/Lake_Taupo (469 words)

	Taupo Volcanic Zone -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Taupo Volcanic Zone is about 50 kilometres wide and about 300 kilometres long and lies over a (A geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways and downward into the mantle below another plate) subduction zone in the earth's crust.
		For this reason the Taupo Volcanic Zone is thought to be the western terminal of the (Click link for more info and facts about Pacific Ring of Fire) Pacific Ring of Fire, which marks out the subduction zones around the (The largest ocean in the world) Pacific Ocean.
		The last major eruption from Lake Taupo is believed to have first emptied the lake then followed that feat with a (Click link for more info and facts about pyroclastic flow) pyroclastic flow that covered about 20,000 square kilometres of land with (Click link for more info and facts about volcanic ash) volcanic ash.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/ta/taupo_volcanic_zone.htm (497 words)

	Mount Ruapehu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is 23 kilometres northeast of the town of Ohakune and 40 kilometres southwest of the southern shore of Lake Taupo.
		Another, smaller, eruption phase began on the morning of June 17, 1996, again the mountain was closed to visitors and the skifields were closed for the season, this time before they even opened.
		After the 1996 eruption, it was recognised that a catastrophic lahar could again occur when the crater lake burst the volcanic ash dam blocking the lake outlet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ruapehu (887 words)

	Geyser - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Taupo Spa field was lost when the Waikato River level was deliberately altered in the 1950s.
		There are many volcanic areas in the world that have hot springs, mud pots and fumaroles, but very few with geysers.
		Most geysers form in places where there is volcanic rhyolite rock which dissolves in hot water and forms mineral deposits called siliceous sinter, or geyserite, along the inside of the plumbing systems.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Geyser (984 words)

	Volcanoes & Lakes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Rotorua, Taupo and much of the central North Island lie in an area geologist's call the Taupo Volcanic Zone.
		It is a very distinctive area of mountains, lakes and a landscape that everywhere bears the trace of volcanic activity.
		It is the product of a huge volcanic eruption that took place some 1800 years ago (the explosion is estimated to have been the most violent volcanic eruption anywhere in the world in the last 5 millennia).
	ajet.nsysu.edu.tw /~nk20/nz/volcanoeslakes.htm (404 words)

	Home
		The complete volcanic zone running from Mt Ruapehu to White Island, 50 kilometres off the region's coastline, is called the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ).
		The TVZ runs straight through the centre of the Bay of Plenty region, taking in the major urban areas of Rotorua and Kawerau, and fringing Whakatane township.
		Volcanic eruptions from within or outside the region, and earthquakes mainly from within the Bay of Plenty region, are likely to affect the population within any one person's lifetime.
	www.ebop.govt.nz /CD/Volcanic-Eruption.asp (225 words)

	CVO Menu - New Zealand Volcanoes and Volcanics
		Volcanic fields such as Auckland and Northland, are where small eruptions occur over a wide geographic area, and are spaced over long periods of time (thousands of years).
		All these volcanoes lie along the zone of collision of two of the major structural plates of which the Earth's crust is composed, the Pacific plate to the east, and the Australian plate to the west.
		Haroharo Caldera and Okataina Volcanic Center lie in the northern half of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), a region of intense volcanic and geothermal activity.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/NewZealand/description_new_zealand_volcanoes.html (4112 words)

	Home
		In the Taupo Fault Belt the land is being steadily pulled apart at about an average rate of 5mm a year.
		When earthquakes occur in the Taupo Volcanic Zone they are likely to be 'normal', that is, the faults pull directly apart.
		To the east of the Taupo Volcanic Zone a major belt of faults and folding is obvious in the steep ranges that make up the spine of the North Island.
	www.envbop.govt.nz /CD/Earthquake.asp (397 words)

	Journal of the Geological Society: Interactions between volcanism, rifting and subsidence: Implications of intracaldera ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At Taupo volcano, in the Taupo Volcanic Zone of New Zealand, a close relationship exists between intense silicic magmatism and the deformation associated with active rifting in a continental are setting.
		Although all of the Taupo Volcanic Zone is subject to active extensional tectonics, modem rates of volcanism and associated tectonics are greatest in a central, rhyolite-dominated region where there are three main volcano-tectonic elements (Fig.
		The combined effects of volcanism and faulting in the central Taupo Volcanic Zone have led to the creation and destruction of numerous lakes in calderas and grabens.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3721/is_200301/ai_n9212660 (1387 words)

	Rotorua New Zealand Virtual Tour - Volcanoes and Lakes
		"The Taupo Volcanic Zone can be thought of as a southern terminus of the great Pacific Ring of Fire which extends down the western Pacific from the Tongan Islands through the Kermadec Islands to the Bay of Plenty.
		Within the Taupo Volcanic Zone there are 3 volcanoes still active: Ruapehu, Tongariro, and Ngarahoe (all are located in Tongariro National Park).
		Volcanic eruptions have been the cause of 2 very well known disasters in the last 150 years.
	www.nz.com /new-zealand/tourism/rotorua/volcanoesandlakes.aspx (696 words)

	Taupo Volcanic Zone - Definition, explanation
		The Taupo Volcanic Zone, or (TVZ), is an active volcanic area in the North Island of New Zealand.
		There is no volcanic activity to the southeast, although the mountain ranges of the lower North Island as well as the Southern Alps in the South Island indicate that the subduction zone does extend along the length of New Zealand.
		For this reason the Taupo Volcanic Zone is thought to be the western terminal of the Pacific Ring of Fire, which marks out the subduction zones around the Pacific Ocean.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/t/ta/taupo_volcanic_zone.php (414 words)

	Volcanoes - Tarawera
		The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is 12-48 miles (20-80 km) wide and extends from Ruapehu in the south to the Okataina Volcanic Center in the north and continues 120 miles (200 km) offshore.
		Taupo is not a large mountain because the eruptions have been so explosive that all material has been deposited far from the vent and subsequent collapse of the ground has formed a caldera (a collapsed volcano).
		Quaternary volcanics form a group of large cones SE of Whangarei, a NE-aligned group of scoria cones north of the city, and a group of lava flows east of the city along a major fault.
	www.anheizen.com /volcanoes/?content=nzvolcs.php (2105 words)

	Research - Geological Sciences - University of Canterbury
		Effects of volcanic gas, aerosols and ash on Health: A programme commenced on 1 July 2000 on the effects of explosive volcanic eruptions from Rotorua and White Island on health, environment and infrastructure of North Island, New Zealand, in conjunction with a Dr Michael Durand (post-doctoral fellow funded by University of Canterbury).
		Milner, D.M., Cole, J.W. and Wood, C.P. Mamaku Ignimbrite: a caldera-forming ignimbrite erupted from a compositionally zoned magma chamber in Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand.
		Beresford, S.W. and Cole, J.W. Kaingaroa Ignimbrite, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: evidence for asymmetric caldera subsidence of the Reporoa Caldera.
	www.geol.canterbury.ac.nz /research/taupovolcaniczone.html (1594 words)

	Definition of Taupo Volcanic Zone
		It is named after Lake Taupo, which is the flooded caldera of the largest volcano in the zone.
		The Taupo Volcanic Zone is about 50 kilometres wide and about 300 kilometres long and lies over a subduction zone in the earth's crust.
		The last major eruption from Lake Taupo is believed to have first emptied the lake then followed that feat with a pyroclastic flow that covered about 20,000 square kilometres of land with volcanic ash.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Taupo_Volcanic_Zone (458 words)

	Taupo, New Zealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Taupo caldera is a broad depression mostly filled by Lake Taupo.
		Volcanic deposits indicate lakes are common in the caldera.
		The AD 186 eruption at Taupo is considered to be the most violent and explosive known.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/australia/new_zealand/taupo.html (356 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Taupo \| Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Taupo, the most active rhyolitic volcano of the Taupo volcanic zone, is a large, roughly 35-km-wide caldera with poorly defined margins.
		The Taupo caldera, now filled by Lake Taupo, largely formed as a result of the voluminous eruption of the Oruanui Tephra about 22,600 years before present (BP).
		This eruption was preceded during the late Pleistocene by the eruption of a large number of rhyolitic lava domes north of Lake Taupo.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0401-07= (219 words)

	Abstract, 29th Stanford Geothermal Workshop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is a 150 km x 30 km region of intense volcanic and geothermal activity in the North Island of New Zealand.
		The 23 individual geothermal fields in the TVZ are distributed about the margins of this region, with approximately 75% of the total heat output of 4200 MW coming from the eastern geothermal fields.
		This shows that the geothermal fields form around the boundary of a high permeability 'TVZ envelope', which is defined by the Taupo Fault Belt and the known recent volcanic calderas.
	ekofisk.stanford.edu /geoth/workshop29/Kissling.htm (172 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Volcanoes of the World \| Volcanoes of New Zealand to Fiji \| Data Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Volcanology and petrology of the Quaternary composite volcanoes of the Tongariro volcanic centre, Taupo volcanic zone.
		Taupo Volcanic Zone calc-alkaline tephras on the peralkaline Mayor Island volcano, New Zealand: identification and uses as marker horizons.
		The Denham caldera on Raoul volcano: dacitic volcanism in the Tonga-Kermadec arc.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/region.cfm?rnum=04&rpage=sources (3187 words)

	Encyclopedia: Mount Ruapehu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Jump to: navigation, search This article is about longitude and latitude; see also UTM coordinate system Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically); large version (pdf) The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system expresses every horizontal position on Earth by two of the three coordinates of a...
		Tongariro National Park is in the central North Island of New Zealand, to the southwest of Lake Taupo.
		Where an eruption has deposited a tephra dam across the lake's outlet, the dam may collapse after the lake has risen above the level of its normal outlet, causing a mud flow known as a lahar.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mount-Ruapehu (2107 words)

	Interactions between volcanism, rifting and subsidence: Implications of intracaldera palaeoshorelines at Taupo volcano, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The coincidence of a normally-faulted rift zone, the Taupo Fault Belt (Villamor & Berryman 2001; Rowland & Sibson 2001), with the Taupo centre has produced a complex system, in which both cause and effect, and volcanic and tectonic signals, are difficult to disentangle, particularly when monitoring for future eruptions.
		1) is an area of exceptionally vigorous volcanism, seismicity and tectonism associated with extension and thinning of continental crust at the southern end of the Tonga-Kermadec volcanic arc (Wilson et al.
		Although all of the Taupo Volcanic Zone is subject to active extensional tectonics, modem rates of volcanism and associated tectonics are greatest in a central, rhyolite-dominated region where there are three main volcano-tectonic elements (Fig.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3721/is_200301/ai_n9212660 (957 words)

	New Zealand
		The GeoNet project of the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (GNS) is charged with the responsibility of setting "Volcanic Alert Levels" in the New Zealand area, via the National Civil Defence Plan.
		Volcanic interests of the Wairakei Research Centre (WRC) cover the Kermadec Islands, Auckland, Taupo Volcanic Zone (White Island, Okataina, Maroa, Rotorua, Taupo, Tongariro volcanic centres), and Taranaki.
		Victoria University Institute of Geophysics is involved in collaborative research in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, including studies of shear-wave splitting as a precursor to eruptions.
	comp.uark.edu /~mattioli/research/wovo/0401.htm (445 words)

	ipedia.com: Lake Taupo Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It is the largest lake by surface area in the country.
		The town of Taupo is situated on the north-eastern shore of the lake.
		The residents of Taupo in the 1970's commissioned some rock carvings in various places on the lake to help boost the tourism industry.
	www.ipedia.com /lake_taupo.html (322 words)

	NMBGMR Staff - Nelia W. Dunbar - Evidence for limited zonation in silicic magma systems, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Taupo volcano tephras erupted over the past 10 ka have uniform compositions for all elements except Sr, and all these samples fall on the same T/fO buffer trend.
		However, pre-22 ka Taupo tephras are mineralogically and chemically distinct from the younger group and fall on a different T/fO buffer trend.
		This may be a result of the large eruption (>155 km3 of magma) from the Taupo Volcano at 22.5 ka, and subsequent reequilibration of the magmatic system.
	geoinfo.nmt.edu /staff/dunbar/abstract/dkw89.html (275 words)

	Oblique back arc rifting of Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
		Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is a back arc rift in North Island, New Zealand.
		The results show that TVZ trends NNE, is ∼250 km long by ∼20 km wide and consists of five segments.
		Distributed dextral shear across TVZ thus suggests that strain partitioning across the plate boundary at latitudes of TVZ is less significant than previously thought.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002TC001447.shtml (291 words)

	Taupo travel guide - Wikitravel
		Taupo [1] is a town in the central North Island of New Zealand.
		Being in the heart of the Taupo Volcanic Zone you don't have to travel far to encounter geothermal activity and there are several examples of this around Taupo, though not as heavily marketed or developed as those in nearby Rotorua they still provide a fascinating insight into the fragility of our planet.
		Taupo can be used as a base to see the surrounding country, including Turangi, Tongariro National Park, Mount Ruapehu and Waiouru and the western bays.
	wikitravel.org /en/Taupo (2651 words)

	Crustal structure of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: Stretching and igneous intrusion
		Low seismic velocities of 7.4–7.8 km/s are present in the underlying mantle wedge to at least 100 km depth, which we attribute to the presence of volatiles from dehydration of the subducting Pacific plate.
		A region of high (0.34) Poisson's ratio is found in the lower crust beneath the TVZ, consistent with the presence of partial melt.
		Citation: Harrison, A., and R. White (2004), Crustal structure of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: Stretching and igneous intrusion, Geophys.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2004GL019885.shtml (268 words)

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