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Topic: Taurine

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	Taurine - A Compilation by Ch. M. Ruessheim
		Taurine, one of the lesser-known amino acids, plays several important roles in the body and is essential to newborns of many species.
		Taurine is important in the visual pathways, the brain and nervous system, cardiac function, and it is a conjugator of bile acids.
		Taurine is thus a useful supplement for nursing mothers, because it promotes lactation in the mother and better development in the infant.
	www.serve.com /BatonRouge/taurine_chmr.htm (3027 words)

	Taurine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Taurine (from Latin taurus = bull, as it was first isolated from ox (Bos taurus) bile in 1827 by German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin) or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is an acidic chemical substance found in high abundance in the tissues of many animals (metazoa), especially sea animals.
		Taurine is conjugated via its amino terminal group with the bile acids chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid to form the bile salts sodium taurochenodeoxycholate and sodium taurocholate (see bile).
		Taurine is also often used in combination with bodybuilding supplements such as creatine and anabolic steroids, but there is no evidence to suggest that it has any positive effect on muscle growth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Taurine (694 words)

	Taurine - Vitacost
		Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), well known for its role in bile salt synthesis, is also involved in a number of crucial physiological processes including modulation of calcium flux and neuronal excitability, osmoregulation, detoxification, and membrane stabilization.
		Taurine is present in high concentrations in the retina of all species tested, while the retinal concentrations of the enzymes necessary to synthesize taurine are presumed to vary among those species.
		Taurine appears to have a role in infants, children, and even adults receiving most (75%) of their calories from TPN solutions in the prevention of granulation of the retina and electroencephalographic changes.
	www.vitacost.com /science/MedStudies/Taurine.html (4464 words)

	Taurine
		Taurine has been found to normalize blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats, and there is some evidence from human studies that it also has hypotensive activity in hypertensive, but not normotensive, individuals.
		Taurine that is not conjugated in the liver is distributed via the systemic circulation to various tissues in the body.
		Taurine and niacin block lung injury and fibrosis by down-regulating bleomycin-induced activation of transcription nuclear factor-kappa B in mice.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/tau_0246.shtml (1782 words)

	Dyna-Taurine - Harlmen.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A deficiency of taurine in the diet is ssociated with fatal heart conditions in certain breeds of dogs and cats.
		It is formulated to be a palatable convenient method of administering taurine to cats and dogs.
		All amino acids including taurine are bitter and have a sharp flavor.
	www.harlmen.com /DynaTaurine.asp (275 words)

	Taurine
		Taurine is a nonessential sulfur-containing amino acid that functions with glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid as a neuroinhibitory transmitter.
		Taurine is incorporated into one of the most abundant bile acids, chenodeoxychloic acid where it serves to emulsify dietary lipids in the intestine, promoting digestion.
		Taurine is a derivative of L-Methionine >>>>> L-Cysteine >>> Taurine.
	www.3dchem.com /molecules.asp?ID=22 (325 words)

	Taurine
		Taurine is found in the central nervous system, skeletal muscle, and heart; it is very concentrated in the brain and high in the heart tissues.
		Taurine used in quantity to treat epilepsy has only one known side effect, peptic ulcers, which clear up when taurine is discontinued [1].
		Taurine has been shown to be essential in certain aspects of mammalian development, and in vitro studies in various species have demonstrated that low levels of taurine are associated with various pathological lesions, including cardiomyopathy, retinal degeneration, and growth retardation, especially if deficiency occurs during development.
	www.angelfire.com /journal2/sadhelp/taurine.htm (6893 words)

	Taurine - Cats Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Taurine (from taurus = ox, as it was discovered in ox bile) or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is an acidic chemical substance found in bile which acts as an emulsifier for ingested lipids and assists in their absorption.
		Taurine is one of the active ingredients commonly found in energy drinks such as Red Bull, and in pills which often feature caffeine and/or other stimulant ingredients.
		Taurine is essential for cats; cat food is supplemented with taurine, which is why other pet foods are not recommended for cats.
	www.cats.tiptophot.com /cats/index.php?title=Taurine (390 words)

	Taurine
		More extensive animal research suggests that taurine may be of benefit for diabetics and hypertensives by protecting kidney function; that it may increase good HDL cholesterol and decrease atherosclerosis and heart disease; and that it may protect the liver and the brain from toxins and alcohol.
		Taurine's limited diffusibility across the blood-brain barrier may be the main factor restricting the antiepileptic effect of this compound.
		Taurine at 375 to 8,000 mg/day was given to six patients with mixed seizure disorders refractory to standard anticonvulsant treatment.
	www.modern-psychiatry.com /taurine.htm (2974 words)

	Taurine
		Within the brain taurine is concentrated in the taste and smell centre, the memory centre and the pineal gland, and it has neurotransmitter functions.
		Taurine is the most abundant amino acid in the heart, and has been successfully used in supplement form to combat congestive heart failure, by regulating calcium and potassium in heart muscle cells, (and therefore in nerve impulses in the heart), by acting as a heart stimulant and by encouraging the excretion of sodium and water.
		Taurine is needed for the formation of taurocholic acid, which helps to break down fats in the small intestine.
	www.health-diets.net /healthsearch/taurine.htm (434 words)

	Taurine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, see Figure 1) is a conditionally-essential amino acid which is not utilized in protein synthesis, but rather is found free or in simple peptides.
		The precise role of taurine in synaptic transmission is uncertain, and its antiepileptic action, confirmed in several models of experimental epilepsy and in short-term clinical studies, does not seem to possess major clinical relevance since trials with a longer follow-up period have generally produced less satisfactory results.
		Biochemistry and physiology of taurine and taurine derivatives.
	www.thorne.com /altmedrev/fulltext/taurine3-2.html (3596 words)

	Pure Encapsulations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Taurine is an important component of bile acids which aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
		Dietary taurine promotes the formation of taurocholate, a substance which increases cholesterol secretion in the bile and also supports fat metabolism in the liver.
		Taurine offers a wide range of nutritional support to many organ systems throughout the body; as a supplement it is most notably known for its heart muscle support.
	www.purecaps.com /itemdy00.asp?T1=TA11 (224 words)

	LifeLink - Taurine
		Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is not utilized in protein synthesis, but rather is normally found in the body as simple free molecules.
		During pregnancy, taurine deficiency in the mother leads to retarded growth of the offspring, and to impaired development of the central nervous system and of the pancreatic insulin-producing structures.
		When taurine is added to low-taurine food, an adequate amount is thought to be in the range of 1200-2500 mg taurine for each kilogram of food (about 550-1150 mg per pound of food, or 33-70 mg per ounce).
	www.lifelinknet.com /siteResources/Products/Taurine.asp (1281 words)

	Taurine levels in human aqueous humour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Method – Taurine levels were estimated in aqueous humour of 3 children with a clinical diagnosis of retinoblastoma and in a control group of 12 patients with senile cataract and 5 children with congenital cataract.
		Taurine (2-amino ethane sulphonic acid) is one of the most abundant free amino acids in the human body, especially in the intracellular region, where its concentrations are among the highest of all amino acids.
		Taurine has been demonstrated to be present in low concentrations in most body fluids.
	www.squ.edu.om /mj/Archive/Jan2000/Taurine (1510 words)

	Taurine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The amino acid taurine is used to control anxiety, hyperactivity, poor brain function, hypoglycemia, hypertension and seizures.
		The levels of taurine found in children's brains is up to 4 times that in adult brains.
		Taurine is needed more by people with diabetes and supplementation with cystine and taurine may decrease the need for insulin.
	www.symmcorp.com /info/taurine.htm (141 words)

	The Cluster Headache Book : Taurine
		Taurine levels tend to be higher in infants and children, and lower in adults.
		Taurine is lowered in the CSF of patients with schizophrenia.
		Taurine and Acetylcholine are important in the function of CO2 receptors and respiration.
	www.med-owl.com /clusterheadaches/tiki-index.php?page=Taurine (1150 words)

	Natural Health Bible for Dogs and Cats by Dr. Shawn Messonnier
		First, the liver of the cat has a limited ability to make taurine, as the rate-limiting enzymes required for converting methionine and cysteine to taurine are only minimally active in the feline liver.
		Taurine also protects the heart from calcium overload and assists in calcium uptake by the heart cells during periods of hypoxia (reduced oxygen levels).
		Not all cats with dilated cardiomyopathy have taurine deficiency as the cause of the cardiomyopathy; those cats with normal taurine levels would not he expected to respond to supplementation with taurine.
	www.petcarenaturally.com /book_health_bible.php (987 words)

	Dietary Taurine Deficiency and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs, CCAH Update, Fall 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In cats, a diet deficient in taurine clearly results in DCM, but in dogs, the need for dietary taurine has not been generally recognized because dogs are known to be able to synthesize taurine from the sulfur amino acids cysteine and methionine.
		The cause of taurine deficiency in the canine DCM cases was not readily apparent, yet the common factor was diet history.
		Backus found evidence in a study of Newfoundland dogs with taurine deficiency to support the idea that taurine metabolism may be influenced by "metabolic" body size, which takes into account that the amount of energy needed by the body is correlated with total body surface area, not just body weight.
	www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu /CCAH/Update06-2/6-2_Taurine.html (825 words)

	Taurine Spray - Better absorbed than capsules. Reduces damage caused by sunlight. Helps the body to clean waste matter ...
		Taurine is depleted in diabetics, which raises the question of whether its deficiency contributes to the development of diabetic retinopathy as well as to other complications of diabetes.
		It is suspected, but not proved, that taurine deficiency may contribute to the development of age-related macular degeneration and that supplementing with taurine may protect against it.
		Taurine makes up 50% of the free amino acid in the heart and is thought to strengthen it, according to Robert Abel, Jr., M.D. Dr. Able is a past regular guest on ThePowerHour with Joyce and Dave.
	www.goodhealthnaturally.com /pd_taurine.cfm (414 words)

	Taurine
		Taurine helps maintain a steady and even heart beat, by helping to regulate the concentration of calcium ions.3,4,7 It increases calcium concentration in the heart when plasma calcium is low and protects against calcium overload when calcium is abundant.4
		Taurine also functions as a neuroregulator and nerve cell growth factor.1,2,5 It promotes a calming effect by inhibiting the release of norepinephrine and acetylcholine, and stimulating the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).5 Taurine increases the production of serotonin and melatonin by stimulating the activity of N-acetyltransferase, resulting in normalization of sleep and nerve functioning.*3,5
		Taurine is found in large amounts in the smell center of the nose2 although the exact function of taurine in maintaining our sense of smell is not known.
	www.bodyandfitness.com /Information/Fitness/Research/taurine.htm (397 words)

	Taurine
		Taurine is considered to be a long-lasting anticonvulsant, but which is excreted through the urine in times of stress.
		Taurine: in humans central nervous system amino acid imbalance is receiving increasing attention.
		Taurine is an inhibitory amino acid that appears to be released from the hippocampus during seizure activity (Wilson, 1996).
	www.canine-epilepsy-guardian-angels.com /taurine.htm (609 words)

	Taurine
		The daily taurine intake of a standard man in the 4 areas was calculated based on the amount of food intake obtained from the dietary survey and the taurine concentration in the analyzed food samples.
		Taurine continued to be elevated in the malnourished group at the time of discharge.
		The elevated concentration of taurine might be the result of a redistribution of this amino acid to provide specific tissues with the required amount for development.
	www.cfsn.com /taurine3.html (2240 words)

	Taurine information page. All about taurine and the role it plays in your diet.
		Taurine is a non-essential amino acid and is found in high concentrations in the white blood cells, skeletal muscles, central nervous system as well as the heart muscles.
		Taurine, together with zinc is also required for proper eye health and vision.
		Taurine is mostly found in meat and fish, and the adult body can manufacture it.
	www.anyvitamins.com /taurine-info.htm (522 words)

	What is Taurine?
		Taurine is an amino acid-like compound and a component of bile acids, which are used to help absorb
		While infants require taurine, the amount in either human milk or formula is adequate.
		Taurine has not been reported to cause any severe adverse effects.
	www.evitamins.com /healthnotes.asp?ContentID=2915002 (424 words)

	Lesson of the Pottenger's Cats Experiment--Cats Are Not Humans
		Although taurine was discovered in 1838 [DeMarcay 1838, as cited in Huxtable 1992, ref. #134], the modern era of research on taurine did not begin until the late 1960s.
		Inasmuch as the role of taurine in cat nutrition was unknown at the time of Pottenger's research, the possibility that taurine might be a factor in (or explain) the symptoms observed in their cats was obviously unknown to Pottenger and his research team.
		Taurine deficiency is a plausible explanation for the symptoms observed by Pottenger.
	www.beyondveg.com /tu-j-l/raw-cooked/raw-cooked-1h.shtml (2665 words)

	TAURINE - [Alternative Medicine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Taurine is a dietary supplement used to treat people who are trying to stop drinking alcohol.
		Taurine may be added to liquid food that is given to people through a needle in a vein (an "IV").
		Taurine may improve eye health and vision (sight).
	www.lumc.edu /HEALTH/kbase/htm/mdx-/ame0/453/mdx-ame0453.htm (437 words)

	Taurine and Cats, Bengal Cats and Taurine, and other Feline Health Issues from Foothill Felines, exotic Bengal Cat ...
		Taurine is a colorless, crystalline compound which is found in the free form in invertebrates and in the bile of mammals.
		Cats are different from other animals in that they cannot make enough taurine internally to meet their needs, and they must have enough taurine supplied to them in their food.
		Interestingly enough, not all taurine is equal, and some commercial foods need to have even more taurine added to their formulas to allow for proper feline absorption and utilization of the taurine in their foods; in addition, some breeds of cats seem to require more taurine than others.
	www.hdw-inc.com /healthtaurine.htm (327 words)

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