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	The Legacy of Parihaka
		The inhabitants of Parihaka were led by two figures, Te Whiti O Rongomai (of Taranaki and Te Atiawa descent) and Tohu Kakahi (of Taranaki and Ngati Ruanui descent).
		Te Whiti ordered his followers to go out and plough the fields that were being confiscated.
		Te Whiti and Tohu were acutely interested in technological developments in the European world and introduced a number of these to Parihaka.
	www.historic.org.nz /magazinefeatures/2000aug/2000_08c_single.html (1211 words)

	parihaka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was there that the Maori Prophet, Te Whiti o Rongomai, became involved in resistance to the confiscation of Maori land by the New Zealand Government.
		Open warfare had proved unavailing so Te Whiti developed a doctrine of passive resistance such as the removal of survey pegs and the ploughing up of access roads.
		Te Whiti and many of his supporters were arrested and held without trial for long periods, some up to 18 years.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /parihaka.html (356 words)

	Puke Ariki - Taranaki Stories - Pacifist of Parihaka - Te Whiti o Rongomai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Te Whiti o Rongomai III was the leader of Parihaka, a Maori village nestled in a lahar-lumpy landscape between Mount Taranaki and the Tasman Sea.
		Te Whiti's wife was Hikurangi and Tohu's wife was Wairangi.
		Te Whiti's parents were Hone (Tohu) Kakahi, the great-great grandson of Takarangi (Ngati Awa or Te Atiawa) and Raumahora (Taranaki).
	www.pukeariki.com /en/stories/conflict/pacifistofparihaka.asp (2439 words)

	Puke Ariki - Taranaki Stories - Tohu Kakahi of Parihaka
		"Te Whiti was the orator and hence more visible, he was the one who got the attention from the government and reporters," says the historian, who has written a thesis on the leader.
		Parihaka historian Te Miringa Hohaia believes it was because Tohu became frustrated with the failure of the passive resistance movement and was unhappy with the way his people had been treated during and after the invasion of Parihaka.
		Te Whiti did not attend his funeral, but is believed to have grieved for his old friend.
	www.pukeariki.com /en/stories/conflict/tohukakahi.asp (2366 words)

	4Reference \|\| Parihaka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was here that the Maori Prophet, Te Whiti, became involved in resistance to the confiscation of Maori land by the New Zealand Government.
		Open warfare had proved unavailing so Te Whiti developed a doctrine of passive resistance such as theremoval of survey pegs and the ploughing up of access roads.
		Te Whiti and many of his supporters were arrested and held without trial for long periods.
	www.4reference.net /encyclopedias/wikipedia/Parihaka.html (183 words)

	Remember Parihaka
		Te Whiti, Tohu and their followers at Parihaka combatted the Pakeha land grab by organising passive resistance through a variety of means.
		In response to unauthorised land confiscation Te Whiti ordered the plouging of fields, building of fences and planting, all of which impeded the surveyors who wished to carve up the land for settlers.
		Te Whiti and Tohu were taken away, the Pa was broken up, and hundreds sent away to prison.
	www.anthonyritchie.co.nz /opus/opus61.html (470 words)

	parihaka
		On the 25th, at the request of Te Whiti, Titokowaru's party performed a haka in the marae, all the Maoris meeting to witness it, and at the conclusion 68 pound was collected.
		On the 26th it was reported Te Whiti would speak on the 1st July (our 30th June), and the conversation among the Natives was principally as to what he intended to say, all being anxious to know what the speech would consist of.
		That Te Whiti's influence over them is as great as ever is shown by the means which they adopt to procure money to present to him; horses, cattle, and other property being sold to obtain it.
	www.wcl.govt.nz /maori/rauemi/parihaka.html (1224 words)

	Henry George Ell (Harry) - Harry Ell and the Summit Road - Christchurch City Libraries
		Te Whiti protested against the takeover of Māori lands by the pakeha.
		Te Whiti and Tohu were arrested, along with others, and the settlement extensively damaged.
		After Te Whiti and Tohu were finally allowed to return to Parihaka in 1883, the protests and ploughings continued, and Te Whiti and Tohu were imprisoned again.
	library.christchurch.org.nz /Childrens/EarlyChristchurch/HenryGeorgeEll.asp (625 words)

	Fellowship/jan-feb-05/nonviolence
		Tohu, Te Whiti’s co-prophet, declared, “Even if the bayonet come to your breast, do not resist.” They came to their work dressed in their finest clothing, rejoicing that they would be arrested.
		Te Whiti addressed his people: “Now all war is abolished by this small people collected before me….
		Reminiscent of the removal of Te Whiti from his village of peace, Parihaka, in 1881, Joe Hawke in 1977 led supporters onto Maori land confiscated by the government and occupied it for 506 days.
	www.forusa.org /fellowship/nov-dec-04/Fellowshipjan-feb-05nonviolence.html (973 words)

	TheGalleryChannel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In their efforts to maintain the land and rights of Taranaki iwi, Te Whiti and Tohu led a campaign of passive resistance against the colonial forces from the 1860s onwards.
		The teachings of Te Whiti - symbolised by the raukura, or white feather of peace - have inspired artists and writers, political activists, social advocates, religious thinkers, philosophers and clergy in New Zealand and abroad.
		Two photographic portraits of Te Whiti o Rongomai and Tohu K kahi, printed from the original glass negatives with the permission of the people of Parihaka, will be displayed in public for the first time.
	www.thegallerychannel.com /content.shtml?ID=2323 (757 words)

	The New Zealand Wars - Parihaka - New Zealand in History
		As with Te Ua Haumene, Te Whiti and Tohu's teachings were mainly drawn from the Old Testament, and peace remained at the core of their teachings.
		Te Whiti and Tohu were considered by nearly all the Taranaki Māori as symbols of Māori resistance to colonisation.
		Te Whiti was considered as one of the most charismatic speakers in the history of New Zealand.
	www.history-nz.org /parihaka.html (1189 words)

	Parihaka - A Very Real Symbol
		Her photograph of Te Whiti's tomb was taken on the 5 November 1981, the exact centenary of the 'day of plunder'.
		Natalie Robertson's photographs of road signs, Te Whiti Rd and Tohu Rd are stark and potent visual signs which simultaneously reflect the reduction of the prophets' mana to the trivial and mundane, and paradoxically their inflation into inspiring markers of direction for the future.
		Eventually, however, the mountain disappeared, the colours were reduced to fl and white, and the imagery of the cross and the eloquent words of Te Whiti were left to carry the burden of meaning alone: 'I stand for peace'.
	www.art-newzealand.com /Issue97/parihaka.htm (2317 words)

	marae_page1
		It was under Te Whiti that the Maori people adopted means of peaceful resistance in the war in Taranaki over 80 years ago, culminating in the famous cannon incident at remote Parihaka Pa.
		The Maori people gathered round Te Whiti, quietly, mindful that the cannon aimed at their pa was to be fired if they did not surrender.
		Ihaia saw that the dream confirmed a sacred trust which Te Whiti had given to Ihaia Porutu, grand uncle of Ihaia Puketapu, before the latter was born.
	www.atiawa.com /marae_history.htm (818 words)

	DNZB / BIOGRAPHY
		Te Whiti sent his men to erect fences across the new road and to plough land already sold to Europeans.
		They maintained that Te Whiti's changed attitude prompted their action; his speech of 17 September they interpreted as a clear signal that he was abandoning passive opposition in favour of violent resistance.
		Te Whiti was apprehended and over 1,500 Maori were either arrested or sent back to their homes elsewhere.
	www.dnzb.govt.nz /dnzb/Find_Quick.asp?PersonEssay=2G13 (1695 words)

	[No title]
		Te Miringa did not leave us a copy of his presentation and so what follows is a distillation of his speech from the audio recording which was made of it.
		Te Whiti and his lieutenant, Tohu Kakahi, were arrested and transported to the South Island where they were kept without trial for two years.
		Te Miringa Hohaia is the custodian of that Meeting House and has been involved in Parihaka except for the few years when he joined the "Maori urban drift" to Auckland in his teens.
	sof.wellington.net.nz /hohaia2003.htm (1256 words)

	Puke Ariki - Taranaki Stories - The Plunder of Parihaka
		"Te Whiti and Tohu are keeping everybody up with the play in their way, so that by the time the day of Pahua rolls on and the troops are starting to march towards Parihaka from Pungarehu, which is not a great distance, they are ready," Wharehoka says.
		Man of Mana: Te Whiti o Rongomai III was one of the first to be arrested on 5 November 1881.
		Te Miringa says the soldiers systematically demolished the village and ruined the surrounding land.
	www.pukeariki.com /en/stories/conflict/theplunderofparihaka.asp (2630 words)

	New Zealand History Main Page, European Perspective #10
		Te Whiti's vision was of an open settlement, a radical departure from the traditional foritified pa.
		Te Whiti was greatly influenced by the Scriptures.
		Two years later, Te Whiti and Tohu were released, and they immediately returned to Parihaka to rebuild, but were again arrested - their utopian dream of a new social order for Maori and Pakeha based on respect, equity, peace and harmony was not realised in their lifetimes.
	www.zealand.org.nz /europe10.htm (1093 words)

	The New Zealand Edge : Heroes : Sir Peter Buck : www.nzedge.com
		Te Rangi Hiroa/Sir Peter Buck’s achievements are astonishing for their diversity, reading more like a list of possible careers than a biography – a pioneering and internationally renowned anthropologist, the first Maori medical doctor, a politician, administrator, soldier, sportsperson and leader of the Maori people.
		Whilst it is correct that the young Buck, upon visiting relatives in Te Whiti’s base at Parihaka, crafted a paper dismantling the icon’s qudos with forthright observations of appalling sanitation and perceived immorality (Te Aute after all was run by a lay preacher) Buck had decided to pursue a BA at college.
		Te Rangi Hiroa accepted the position at the Bishop Museum and commenced invaluable ethnological fieldwork around Polynesia, notably in the Cook Islands and Samoa.
	www.newzealandedge.com /heroes/buck.html (4909 words)

	Te Whiti and proud of it
		The decision to close Te Whiti School, along with the schools at Longbush and Maungaraki, in 1968 and send the dwindling number of pupils the few kilometres up the road to Gladstone School was a defining moment.
		People whose history in Te Whiti is more recent, and who one way or another have linked their identity to Gladstone, were not willing to talk publicly about the matter.
		Her husband John, whose farm “Te Whiti” was bought by his great-grandfather in 1874, is an enthusiastic supporter of the group but says he can understand some of his neighbours’ concerns.
	wairarapa.co.nz /times-age/weekly/tewhiti.html (1587 words)

	Parihaka - The Art of Passive Resistance (MMT2033)
		Under the charismatic leadership of Te Whiti and Tohu, Parihaka, a self-sufficient community, became a refuge and haven for thousands of Maori dispossessed and made homeless by governmental land confiscations throughout New Zealand.
		Te Whiti and Tohu did not achieve their vision of victory through peaceful negotiation; virtually the whole of the Taranaki province was confiscated.
		The teachings of Te Whiti and Tohu of mutual respect and understanding are important lessons for all New Zealanders.
	www.trustcds.com /pages/recordings/MMT2033.html (3267 words)

	Hei Awhina mo nga Nupepa o Mua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ki tēnei pae ipurangi ko te "viewONE" a Java te tūtohu rorohiko tika mō te titiro i ngā whakaata nei, ka mutu, ka tīkina kau noa ēnei tūtohu e tō rorohiko i te wā tuatahi e huri ai koe ki te titiro whakaata i tēnei pae.
		I te wā tuatahi e toro ai i te whakaata nūpepa ka pātaia koe kia whakaae mai ki te tiwhikete whakaae tūtohu kātahi anō ka āhei tēnei tūtohu mōwhiti whakaata o viewONE, ki tō rorohiko.
		Mehemea kotahi noa te tūtohu kāore kē i te whakaaetia, ka mahi tika tonu te katoa i whakaaetia, hāunga ko tērā.
	paperspast.natlib.govt.nz /helpMI.html (880 words)

	Taranaki, New Zealand - the official tourism website. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Te Whiti encouraged peace, industry and sober habits among his many followers.
		Even as he was being arrested, Te Whiti told the gathered two thousand, "…be you steadfast in all that is peaceful." However, the troops were out to prove a point, and they raped, assaulted, looted, burned, ransacked homes and destroyed crops.
		The Taranaki tribe, from the Kurahaupo and Aotea canoes, wedged themselves between Te Atiawa in the north and Ngati Ruanui and Nga Rauru to the south.
	www.taranakinz.org /index.cfm?pageid=81 (512 words)

	Maori Prophecy and Zion (WOVOCA.com - Earth Mother Crying!)
		Te Whiti believed that his tribe had been promised reserves when the government had taken their land.
		As Te Kooti lay dying he said, "in twice seven years a man shall arise in the mountains to succeed me. He shall be the new prophet of the people." Rua Kenana said that he was that man. He called himself Te Mihaia Hou, the new Messiah.
		Te Urumanaao was known from this time by the title, Te Whaea o te Katoa (the mother of all).
	www.wovoca.com /prophecy-maori-prophets.htm (3181 words)

	matthew henry john bartlett ... all adumbrating, all the time » Te Whiti & the Republic of Hawera
		Up till now all I knew of Te Whiti was Tim Finn’s song.
		Te Whiti is not ploughing the land, he is only ploughing the belly of the government, the intruders blandly explained to irate onlookers.
		Some thought the ploughing meant reoccupation of land bought and not paid for, some believed it was to call attention to the wrongs of the past, others declared it was a religious outburst inspired by Samson’s excursions against the Philistines.
	www.mhjb.co.nz /blog/index.php?p=743#comments (571 words)

	Puke Ariki - Rauemi - TreasureLink (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Te Whiti o Rongomai led Parihaka when 1500 soldiers filed into his village.
		When the soldiers came to Parihaka, the two leaders Te Whiti and Tohu were the first to be arrested and led away.
		Te Whiti continued to protest but Tohu lost hope in a peaceful settlement after the harsh treatment he had received.
	www.pukeariki.biz /mi/resources/treasurelink/tl221003.asp (1550 words)

	BibleGateway.com Passage Lookup
		I to ratou haerenga hoki ki runga ki te awaawa o Ehekora, a, ka kite ratou i te whenua, na pehia ana e ratou nga ngakau o nga tama a Iharaira, kia kaua e haere ki te whenua i homai nei e Ihowa ki a ratou.
		Heoi ano ko Karepe, ko te tama a Iepune Keniti, raua ko Hohua, te tama a Nunu; mo raua i tino whai i a Ihowa.
		Na ko te muranga o te riri o Ihowa ki a Iharaira, a meinga ana ratou kia kopikopiko i te koraha, e wha tekau nga tau, a poto noa taua whakapaparanga i mahi na i te kino i te tirohanga a Ihowa.
	www.biblegateway.com /passage/?book_id=4&chapter=32&version=24 (1156 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		"The two men are Te Whiti o Rongomai, a Taranaki missionary for peace in the 19th century, and Algerian Ahmed Zaoui, who was an Associate Professor of Theology and Comparative Religious Studies at the University of Algiers".
		Te Whiti o Rongomai was arrested as a terrorist under the West Coast Peace Preservation Act 1882, enacted for the purpose of detaining him without trial and then imprisoning him in the South Island.
		Mrs Turia noted, "The Crown acknowledged it was wrong in detaining Te Whiti, but the lesson that history need not be repeated if we can learn from it, appears to have been ignored in the Ahmed Zaoui case".
	www.humanrights.co.nz /documents/PressReleaseMaoriParty1November04.doc (252 words)

	Parihaka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Fomison's Parihaka-related works were produced alongside other works that explored the figures of Te Kooti and Ratana as well as related 'prophetic' and mythical subjects from the Pacific and further afield.
		Ralph Hotere's 'Te Whiti series', from 1972, incorporates ancient Maori poetry as well as the sayings of Te Whiti and contemporary poems by Hone Tuwhare and James K. Baxter.
		The unconventional spelling of 'Pari'aka' and 'Te Witi' is an accurate transcription of the regional pronunciation of those names.
	www.parihaka.city-gallery.org.nz /artists_2.shtml (507 words)

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