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Topic: Tear gas

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Riot control agent

CS gas

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Incapacitating agent

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CN gas

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	Riot control agent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tear gas is a non-specific term for any chemical that is used to cause temporary incapacitation through irritation of eyes and/or respiratory system.
		Tear gas is used as a hand-held spray or in grenades.
		Tear gases is the common name for substances which, in low concentrations, cause pain in the eyes, flow of tears and difficulty in keeping the eyes open.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tear_gas (621 words)

	Eye Injury Caused by Tear-Gas Weapons
		The third component of the blast is the tear gas itself, and in most pens the chemical agent is in the form of a fine powder.
		Various features of the tear gas weapon, such as the blast force, the propellant charge, the wadding, and age of the cartridge, in addition to the chemical agent itself, should be considered in evaluating such eyes either clinically or microscopically.
		In most instances the tear gas was discharged into the patient's face while he was examining a tear gas device, during an altercation, or while being apprehended by a lawenforcement officer.
	www.zarc.com /english/tear_gases/opthalmologyeyeinjury.html (2016 words)

	Tear Gas--Harassing Agent or Toxic Chemical Weapon?
		The use of tear gas in recent situations of civil unrest, however, demonstrates that exposure to the weapon is difficult to control and indiscriminate, and the weapon is often not used correctly.
		Tear gas is actually the common term for a family of chemical compounds that have been otherwise referred to as "harassing agents" because of their ability to cause temporary disablement.
		Exposure of high concentrations of tear gas by inhalation or ingestion, as may occur in an enclosed space or in proximity to an exploding tear gas device, should be treated cautiously.
	www.phrusa.org /research/chemical_weapons/chemjama.html (3266 words)

	First World War.com - Weapons of War - Poison Gas
		Raising Special Gas Companies in the wake of the Germans' April attack (of approximately 1,400 men) operating under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Foulkes, instructions were given to prepare for a gas attack at Loos in September 1915.
		Mustard gas, an almost odourless chemical, was distinguished by the serious blisters it caused both internally and externally, brought on several hours after exposure.
		Gas never turned out to be the weapon that turned the tide of the war, as was often predicted.
	www.firstworldwar.com /weaponry/gas.htm (1737 words)

	Tear Gas Reference - Medics
		Tear gas is emitted from canisters which are fired into crowds.
		Discomfort from Tear Gas and Pepper Spray is temporary and we are extremely strong.
		One form of tear gas (CN) used during the WTO is 50% solvent.
	www.angelfire.com /nm/DeathProductions/chem.html (3453 words)

	12401 thru 12426 Tear Gas Weapons - Dangerous Weapons Control Laws - Firearms Division - California Dept. of Justice - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Each tear gas weapon sold, transported or possessed under the authority of this chapter shall bear the name of the manufacturer and a serial number applied by him.
		The Department of Justice may issue a permit for the possession and transportation of tear gas or tear gas weapons that are not intended or certified for personal self-defense purposes, upon proof that good cause exists for the issuance thereof to the applicant for this permit.
		If the tear gas or tear gas weapons are to be used in connection with, or to constitute, a protective system, the application shall also contain the name of the person who is to install the protective system.
	caag.state.ca.us /firearms/dwcl/12401.htm (1047 words)

	Howstuffworks "What does tear gas do?"
		Tear gas is used both by the police for crowd control, and by individuals for self defense.
		Tear gas that you hear about on the news, in the form of CN or CS, is often used by law enforcement when they are faced with a combative crowd.
		The tear gas is launched in the form of grenades or aerosol cans so that the liquid becomes an aerosol.
	www.howstuffworks.com /question340.htm (198 words)

	Tear Gas: Harassing Agent or Toxic Chemical Weapon?
		liar gas is actually the common term for a family of chemical compounds that have been otherwise referred to as "harassing agents" because of their ability to cause temporary disablement.
		We were struck by the indiscriminate use and effects of tear gas on bystanders and others in proximity to the demonstrators being tear gassed.
		Persons who were close to the exploding tear gas grenades and canisters commonly sustained penetrating trauma from plastic fragments that was exacerbated by the presence of tear gas chemical.
	www.zarc.com /english/tear_gases/jamateargastoxic.html (3584 words)

	Tear Gas/Pepper Spray Deployment By a Private Security Guard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tear Gases come is three general categories of active ingredients: CN, CS, and OC.(Pepper Spray) I recommend OC but for this article's purpose we shall refer to the above as simply Tear Gas.
		When used by surprise, Tear Gas is an excellent distraction, giving you time to get away, place the suspect under arrest, call for back-up, or depending on the situation, follow up with other defensive action.
		Deployment of Tear Gas should be directed at the suspect's face at close range either in a stream, spray or mist as the effective range of most spray canisters is approximately 10-15 feet.
	www.delta-1.net /1teargas.html (617 words)

	Tear Gas & Medical info for Protesters
		Tear gas (also called CS, CN, or CX) and pepper spray (OC) are chemical compounds that are weapons designed to be used by the military and police to disperse crowds and subdue individuals.
		Tear gas is most commonly deployed via canisters, which are fired into crowds, sometimes directly at people.
		Both tear gas and pepper spray are skin irritants, causing burning pain and excess drainage from eyes, nose, mouth and breathing passages.
	www.starhawk.org /activism/trainer-resources/teargas.html (2589 words)

	Chemical Cops: Tear Gas And Pepper Spray Can Be Deadly
		Tear gas and pepper spray cause health problems even when used within guidelines on healthy people.
		hile tear gas and pepper spray are banned from use in war by an international treaty, domestic use is legal and nearly ubiquitous in the United States.
		Despite the dangers and drawbacks of tear gas and pepper spray, most critics are careful to differentiate between one-on-one use by a disciplined, trained officer who is physically threatened and wide dispersal on large and varied crowd of generally peaceful protesters.
	www.commondreams.org /views/030900-103.htm (2022 words)

	[Hpn] Fwd: (ftaa-l) Quebec Medical Team advise on tear gas & pepper spray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		TEAR GAS AND PEPPER SPRAY EFFECTS: =B7 Discomfort from Tear Gas and Pepper Spray is temporary and we are extremely strong.
		Tear Gas and Pepper Spray Concerns -The propellants and/or active ingredients can cause cancer, are mutagenic and hence potentially teratogenic.
		One form of tear gas (CN) used during the WTO is 50% solvent - the solvent, methylene chloride, is a highly toxic chemical which can cause altered central nervous system function.
	projects.is.asu.edu /pipermail/hpn/2001-April/003379.html (3500 words)

	tear gas on Encyclopedia.com
		gas that causes temporary blindness through the excessive flow of tears resulting from irritation of the eyes.
		Palestinians flea tear gas in Abu Dis, East Jerusalem.
		Police fire tear gas to disperse strike supporters in Bangladesh.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/t1/teargas.asp (465 words)

	Monkeyfist.com: Shedding Democracy for Tears
		Conversely, being bombarded with tear gas was a strong impetus for many otherwise peaceful protesters to throw rocks.
		The tear gas did as much to break the "peace of the people" as any action on the part of protesters.
		According to multiple eyewitnesses, medics who were treating tear gas victims were targeted by police.
	monkeyfist.com /articles/765 (962 words)

	tear gas by pepperspraymace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There are so many types of self defense tear gas on the market today that it has become confusing for you to decide which one to get.
		The first two, CS and CN, irritate the membrane tissues and cause stinging and tearing tear gas.
		OC, or tear gas, is an inflammatory agent; not an irritant.
	www.pepperspraymace.com /tear_gas_i.html (318 words)

	AllRefer.com - tear gas (Organic Chemistry) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - tear gas (Organic Chemistry) - Encyclopedia
		tear gas, gas that causes temporary blindness through the excessive flow of tears resulting from irritation of the eyes.
		The gas is used in chemical warfare and as a means for dispersing mobs.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/teargas.html (190 words)

	tear gas appearing at pepperspraymace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pepper Shot tear gas is a 10% tear gas self defense weapon rated at 2 million scoville heat units and made with a very fine grain that is more effective than the coarser grains of most other tear gas.
		In addition to causing an attacker pain, Pepper Shot tear gas swells the mucous membranes, which makes breathing difficult, and swells the veins in the eyes, causing the eyes to close.
		Mace tear gas is a 10% solution in a nationally reknowned brand name.
	www.pepperspraymace.com /tear_gas_l.html (360 words)

	The Israeli poison gas attacks :: A preliminary investigation :: (by James Brooks) - Media Monitors Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A gas canister landed in the schoolyard next to thirteen year-old Sliman Salah, "enveloping him in a cloud of gas described by witnesses as an unfamiliar, yellow colour." The boy required large doses of anti-convulsants to control his seizures and regain consciousness.
		If the new Israeli weapon was a form of nerve gas, as a number of observers asserted or suggested at the time,(26,27) the Israeli claim might have been marginally true; anxiety is one of the many symptoms of nerve gas poisoning.(28) However, as far as we know, no identifying chemical assay of the gas exists.
		Although the public usually associates nerve gas with mass death, the fatality rates in wartime nerve gas attacks have generally been 5% or less, largely due to difficulties involved in delivering lethal levels of gas.(57) The tragedy of nerve gas is largely found in its survivors.
	www.mediamonitors.net /jamesbrooks2.html (6508 words)

	Tear Gas Exposure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He complains of burning of the eyes, nose, mouth, and skin; tearing and inability to open eyes because of the severe stinging; sneezing, coughing, a runny nose, and perhaps a metallic taste with a burning sensation of the tongue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pains.
		Medical personnel should don gowns, gloves, and masks, and help victims remove contaminated clothes (which should be placed in plastic bags and sealed) and shower with soap and water to remove tear gas from their skin.
		Agents commonly used as tear gas include CN or Mace, which is sprayed in a weak water solution, CS which is burned, and produces symptoms as long as the victim is in the smoke, and CR which is more potent and longer lasting.
	www.ncemi.org /cse/cse0504.htm (296 words)

	Over 70 countries ban use of tear gas and pepper spray, while our "bastions of liberty" use them liberally ...
		This is especially necessary after the massive use of tear gas by the police in Quebec City during the FTAA protests last week.
		However such agents are capable of producing a range of permanent injuries and such considerations are legally important when the targeting of the irritant is less than discriminate and innocent bystanders fall prey to any effects.
		Chung, C.W., Giles, A.L. (1972) "Sensitization of guinea pigs to alpha-chloroacetophenone (CN) and ortho-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS), tear gas chemicals".
	www.afn.org /~iguana/archives/2001_05/20010512.html (1338 words)

	Palestine Monitor Staff Israeli Army Fires Highly Toxic Quantities of Tear Gas at Civilians in Khan Yunis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On February 12, Israeli tanks and helicopters fired gas bombs at houses in the Gharbi Refugee Camp, adjacent to the Tuffah crossing in the Gaza Strip.
		Although to date, no evidence supports the possibility that the gas fired was any different that tear gas normally used by the Israeli army.
		Nevertheless, the patients’ symptoms, how the gas was fired and the way it was fired, indicates that it was used in highly concentrated quantities and in an enclosed space.
	www.palestinemonitor.org /eyewitness/Gaza/Israeli_army_fires_tear.htm (513 words)

	Bush Approves Use of Tear Gas in Battlefield
		President George W. Bush has authorized American military forces to use tear gas in Iraq, the Pentagon says, a development that some weapons experts said could set up a conflict between American and international law.
		The U.S. Defense Department said that tear gas, which has been issued to American troops but not used by them, would be used only to save civilian lives and in accordance with the Chemical Weapons Convention, ratified by the United States in 1997.
		Critics say any battlefield use of tear gas would violate the convention, offend crucial allies including Britain, and hand Saddam Hussein a legal basis for using chemical weapons against the United States.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines03/0402-01.htm (626 words)

	One Hand Clapping
		The first is that she sees using tear gas as a way to take the terrorist fighters prisoner.
		Unfortunately, in close quarters urban combat, our troops would be sucking their own tear gas, too, meaning that our soldiers would have to fight gas-masked.
		Although tear gas is not classified as a chemical agent (it is a riot-control agent) the treaty we signed specifically forbids use on RCAs in battle: "Each state party undertakes not to use riot-control agents as a method of warfare."
	www.donaldsensing.com /2004/11/why-not-use-tear-gas-in-fallujah.html (826 words)

	Pave France - The British Need More Parking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		British war heroes on a religious pilgrimage told last night of their shock when French police attacked them with tear gas in a hotel bar.
		Scores of servicemen and their guests - some in wheelchairs - were stunned as 30 cops threw three gas canisters at them in the town of Lourdes, renowned for miracle cures.
		Seems the blokes were singing in the bar and the Frog Force busts in and start lobbing tear gas grenades into the middle of the crippled war veterans.
	www.pavefrance.com /blog/archives/000461.html (1186 words)

	Pepper Shot Pepper Sprays
		Pepper sprays induce an almost immediate burning sensation of the skin and a burning, tearing, and swelling of the eyes.
		If spray is inhaled, the respiratory tract becomes inflamed resulting in a swelling of the mucous membranes lining the breathing passages and temporarily restricting breathing to short, shallow breaths.
		Michigan Double-Action CS Tear Gas Pocket Model Michigan Double-Action CS Tear Gas Pocket Model Combines CS TEAR GAS and UV...
	www.sell-free.com /FIRSTLINESECURITY/Pepper_Spray/5th.htm (712 words)

	Tear Gas \| Self Defense Advantage
		Combines OC PEPPER with CN TEAR GAS along with a UV MARKING DYE.
		CN TEAR GAS causes profuse tearing, an intense burning sensation to the face and disorientation.
		Michigan Double-Action CS Tear Gas Pocket Model Combines CS TEAR GAS and UV DYE.
	www.selfdefenseadvantage.com /Store/catalog.aspx?catId=338857 (199 words)

	October - December 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tear gas was used on detainees in Pt Hedland's Juliet Block yesterday.
		It is reported there has been use of tear gas, and severe beatings, enough to cause great injury, some having their heads smashed against the wall.
		Between 20 and 40 people protested on the roof of the centre, and were supported on the ground by the rest of the detainees, at one point forcing ACM guards to retreat to the Administration block.
	www.porthedland.nomasters.org /4_2003news.htm (12213 words)

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