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Topic: Tebhaga movement

	CPIML : Programme of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) adopted by All India Party Congress, 1992 with ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Basing on the consciousness of the peasant masses, the peasant movement should be advanced boldly and developed in the direction of overcoming legal confines.
		Thus the question of abolishing feudalism is connected with the seizure of political power and hence the peasant movement should be quipped with the orientation of developing organs of power in the countryside.
		The revolutionary peasant movement is the most potent force for the revolutionary transformation of society by carrying out New Democratic Revolution overthrowing imperialism and feudalism.
	geocities.com /cpimlnd/programaikms.htm (7238 words)

	Freeindiamedia.com, Express your impartial, radical, grassroot views on current issues. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The sociology of the movements is analysed in terms of (a) the transformation of these movements in the cross-cultural context; (b) the process of formation of new identities; and (c) socio-political implications of transformation of these movements from radical to institutionalisation.
		The Andhra Pradesh (Telangana region) experienced the Telangana movement in 1946-52 and Naxalite movement in 1967-71 and West Bengal (north) saw the Tebhaga movement in 1946-47 and Naxalite movement in 1967-71.
		This is exemplified by Dandakaranya movement against landlords in 1971, the anti-arrack movement of the rural women in 1992, the Maadigaa movement (demanding inclusition of maadigaa caste within scheduled caste and reservation privileges), Tendudedha movement (demanding recategorisation of tribal communities), anti-suicide movement of farmers, civil liberty movement and a separate Telangana state movement.
	www.freeindiamedia.com /book_review/24_jan_05_book_review.htm (2610 words)

	[No title]
		The compilation of these "other" social movements is summarized in Tables 1 and 2, which offer a comparative overview of the incidence or timing by decades and sometimes years of occurrence and general location of these movements and their correlation or lack of it with Kondratieff up and down phases.
		The next marked upsurge, again of all of these movements and now also including peasant movements, is during the last decade of the 19th century and the first one of the 20th century.
		Labor movements grow in Kondratieff A phases, when economic expansion strengthens the number and bargaining power of workers [This correlation is confirmed by the findings of Boll (1985), Screpanti (1987) and others, although for the latter the social movements seem to drive the economic cycle.
	eserver.org /govt/cycles-in-social-movements.txt (5892 words)

	People's March Supplement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		For example in the Tebhaga movement it was the Railway workers and the tea plantation workers who took active part in it.
		While the question of peasantry was altogether ignored by the revisionist leadership of the TU movement, the very important question of fighting against caste and the question of the rights of Indian nationalities were either shelved or handled with some mechanical, non-Marxist propositions verging on fatalism.
		It was also recognised that a revolutionary workers’ movement is possible only with the political orientation of seizing state power, and with, direct linkage to the armed struggle in the rural areas with an objective of building guerrilla zones and base areas through protracted people’s war.
	www.peoplesmarch.com /archives/2000/june2k/supli.htm (8626 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Tebhaga movement of the 1930s, the language movement of 1952, student’s movement of 1962, peoples’ uprising of 1969 and finally the independence struggle of 1971 --- all of these struggles witnessed women’s active participation in it irrespective their class, creed, religion and ethnicity.
		Against this backdrop, the present study aims at investigating women’s role in the political movements of the post-independence Bangladesh with particular emphasis on the anti-autocratic movement of 1990 and the role of Hill Women’s Federation in Chittagong Hill Tracts’ struggle.
		The movement of the 1990 basically incorporated urban, educated mainstream Bengali women longing for civil liberty and democratic rights of the people, which was curbed by the authoritarian military rule of General Hussain Muhammad Ershad for almost eight years since 1982.
	www.arts.monash.edu.au /mai/ncsas/ws2002/EshaniCharkraborty.doc (393 words)

	[No title]
		As the momentum of the movement for freedom gathered, priorities changed and overtook the fragile alliances and narrow base on which the women's movement was founded.
		The focus of the movement dissipated in the 1 940s: the urgency of the nationalist struggle overrode the priorities of the feminist agenda, and the variety and range of activities in which women began to participate shattered unity.
		Achieving empowerment requires the women's movement to operate in the field of politics, not only in the manner in which it redefines the field (the personal is the political) but also in the arena where power is brokered-the public world of formal, institutionalized politics.
	www-wds.worldbank.org /servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/08/26/000094946_00081205322811/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt (21129 words)

	manisingh
		Due to the media coverage of this legendary leader of the cultivators' movement in greater Mymensingh-Netrakona area and the demand for his release from all professional groups, he became a leading political figure of Bangladesh.
		Tebhaga movement as it is known gradually gained momentum.
		I was actively involved in the heated political movements of 68-69, especially the six points (1968) and later the 11 points (69): political autonomy of East Bangla and autonomy of the state universities.
	www.muktadhara.net /page29.html (2460 words)

	Naxalite movement in India: New challenge from an old lineage - Irna
		The militant ultra leftist politics in India, also known as the Naxalite movement, was born almost simultaneously with the independence of the country achieved after a long battle against colonial British rule.
		But it was the partition of British India in 1947 that led to large-scale displacement of the educated middle class in two of the prominent colonial provinces of the subcontinent that finally provided it with an urban leadership necessary to convey the pain of the landless to India's nationalist urban elites.
		The Naxalite movement can also be described as the moment of political awakening of India's large and power-hungry middle class who live mostly in its urban landscape.
	www.irna.ir /irnewtest/en/news/view/line-17/0501241043135457.htm (1135 words)

	Postwar Revolt
		Lahiri was initially given the responsibility of leading the student organization in 1940 and their movement (against the Holwell monument) started in July.
		Those interested in the Tebhaga movement are aware of the different, and offen contradictory, versions of the struggle.
		The Tebhaga movement is probably the most memorable struggle of the century in Bengal, barring the Naxalite movement.
	www.seagullindia.com /index-books/revolt.html (702 words)

	The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 217 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The British sought to nip the communist movement in the bud.
		In December 1946, 'Tebhaga' movement was launched in Dinajpur, Rangpur, Mymensingh, Jessore, Khulna, Dhaka, Chittagong, Bogra, Pabna and Faridpur of East Pakistan.
		The Students League and the Students Union were advised to launch joint movement in all the campus on the issue of withdrawal of martial law, restoration of democracy, demands of workers and peasants.
	www.thedailystar.net /2005/01/03/d501031502116.htm (1711 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The ideas of these movements may be traced back to Shah Waliullah (1703-62) of Delhi, who had called for a puritanic reform of Indian Islam, but in Bengal the movements took the form of a peasant revolt.
		It cannot, however, be denied that the movements sharply demarcated the boundaries between a Muslim and a non-Muslim, or, for that matter, between a Muslim belonging to the movement and a Muslim who was not.
		A tangible outcome of this trend was seen in the 1940s in the Tebhaga movement of the Bengal peasantry, based on the demand for a greater share of output for the actual tiller of the land.
	www.amrakojon.org /anis5.html (1226 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Tebhaga Movement crystallized out of this struggle in 1946-47, and marked the largest participation and leadership ever of women in rural political struggle in Bengal.
		It is also a crucial landmark in the history of women’s movements in India and Bangladesh, of a mutual enrichment of grassroots women’s mobilization and local left activism against imperialism and feudalism.
		This emergent grassroots women’s movement was finally crippled with the trauma and dislocation of the Partition.
	www.womenenvironment.org /publ132.asp (852 words)

	Untitled Document
		An organizer of the Tebhaga movement, he was censured by the Jalpaiguri District Committee for leading a militant peasant struggle in 1948, and transferred to the trade union front.
		Shorn of scholarly sophistication, the concluding theme is simple: the CPI (ML) movement was doomed to failure because it was ideologically under-prepared and formed under the leadership of one who was great as an actionist but inferior (to the ‘debatists’) as a theoretician.
		As for the deviations of the first phase of our movements, they were positively overcome, and real, sustainable breakthroughs in concepts and activities were achieved, not by the early ‘rectifiers’ who put all the blame on CM, but by a small group of ‘actionists’ who placed the greatest emphasis on preserving our fine revolutionary traditions.
	www.cpiml.org /liberation/year_2001/october/charu.htm (2202 words)

	Ila Mitra
		Ila Mitra, an athlete of no mean caliber before she was married to a zaminder son of that locality, deeply got involved in the movement encouraged by his husband and ultimately became 'Rani Ma' (queen-mother) of the peasants of the locality.
		The objective of the movement among the peasant class was that a cultivating peasant must get two-third share of the total yield divided into three and rest one third would go to the owner of the land.
		The charge sheet reported that she was the main leader of agitating the peasants against the landowners, jotdars and zemindars, organizing the so-called Tebhaga Movement, looting forcibly yields etc. She also led the unlawful assembly of peasants in Chandipur village on 5 January 1950.
	www.muktadhara.net /page70.html (11721 words)

	Mainstreamweekly.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was this discontent of the non-Brahmin middle class at not being able to secure their rightful place in government employment or even in the professions that was taken advantage of by the Justice Party to try and keep the vast non-Brahmin majority in the South away from the national struggle.
		By 1939 it was obvious to all who wanted to see the writing on the wall that the Indian liberation movement was growing enormously in strength and influence and, reaching out for power, was threatening the very heart of imperialist rule in India.
		The result is the emergence of a generation who are perhaps the principal support of the DMK today, and who know little or nothing of the glory of the national movement, of the way all the people of India fought together and wrested freedom.
	www.mainstreamweekly.com /annual_issue/32.asp (2705 words)

	Glossary of People: Ma
		In uniting the labor movement of various forms of non-proletarian socialism (Mazzini, Proudhon, Bakunin, liberal trade-unionism in Britain, Lassallean deviations to the right, etc.), and in combating the theories of all these sects and schools, Marx here hammered out uniform tactics for the proletarian struggle of the working in the various countries.
		Born in Pomerania in 1904 and raised in Berlin by class-conscious parents, Mattick was already at the age of 14 a member of the Spartacists’ Freie Sozialistiche Jugend.
		Joined Tebhaga Movement in 1946 and organized the leftist faction of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in the 1960s.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/m/a.htm (8542 words)

	IISH - Asia Department - Collections - Bangladesh - Bengal Oral History - Communist, Peasant and Labour Movements of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Comrade Amal Sen (83), leader of the 'Tebhaga' peasant movement in Bengal, led by the Communist Party.
		Comrade Abani Lahiri (87) of the CPI, on the Tebhaga peasant uprising.
		Urdu poet Kaifi Ajmi on the pro-communist cultural movement (IPTA) of Bangladesh and India and the Bangladesh Liberation War, and Shawkat Kaifi, actress, former IPTA activist, and wife of Kaifi.
	www.iisg.nl /asia/oh_bengal_3.html (487 words)

	Kamtapuri Struggle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the historic Tebhaga movement in the North Bengal districts Rajbanshis came to the forefront under the CPI banner and they spearheaded the struggle through their unparalleled militancy and dedication.
		Thus all avenues of open mass movements were taken away by the State and the Kamtapuris are forced to form their armed organisation.
		The KPP or KLO may have some lacunae in their activities but it is not proper to term them anti-national and the hysteria of pan-Bengali raised by the by CPI(M) should be exposed to the all possible extent.
	www.peoplesmarch.com /archives/2004/oct2k4/Kamtapuri.htm (3585 words)

	The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 387 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Romen Mitra, a pioneer leader of the historic Tebhaga movement and communism movement, passed away at a hospital in Kolkata due to a cardiac arrest on Tuesday at the age of 91.
		Born at Ramchandrapur village in Chapainawabganj in 1914, he got himself involved in the communist movement when he was a college student in Kolkata.
		A dedicated communist, Romen and his wife Ila Mitra led the Tebhaga movement in Nachole in the 1950's.
	www.thedailystar.net /2005/06/30/d50630061572.htm (169 words)

	New Age Xtra
		And yet there can hardly be any escaping the reality that the Tebhaga Movement, or roughly three-share movement, launched by the peasantry in the northern region of eastern Bengal in the rice-growing season between 1946 and 1947 remains one of those seminal movements instrumental behind the subsequent movements for political autonomy in the region.
		In hindsight, one can certainly say that the Tebhaga Movement was a launching pad, in a very concentrated way, for all the later struggles Bengalis in this part of the subcontinent were to wage.
		The work is a detailed observation of the Tebhaga Movement by some of the more important of figures who initiated the movement or were to add flesh to it.
	www.newagebd.com /2005/jan/14/jan14/xtra_also2.html (754 words)

	Postwar Revolt
		This 173 page book, an English translation of the memoirs of Abani Lahiri, a dedicated communist activist of a rare, vanishing breed who was one of the foremost leaders of the 1946-47 Tebhaga agrarian uprising, a movement of sharecroppers and the rural poor in undivided Bengal.
		Unlike Calcutta and Midnapore rural north Bengal was not affected either by the Quit India movement or the backlash of the INA trial.
		The reason why Tebhaga could make much headway in north Bengal was because of its different agrarian class structure dominated by very big jotedars.
	www.seagullindia.com /index-books/revolt1.html (949 words)

	Bangladeshinovels.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		At Nachole the Tebhaga movement reaches the climax under the valiant leadership of Ila Mitra.
		The third volumes opens with the time of the mass movement of the country when every individual and the nation and politics intermingle with one another.
		Language movement, Hindu-Muslim riot, India-Pakistan war, mass movement and finally liberation war are the most significant chapters of our history that are depicted not only in their true historical perspective but in coherent connection with familial and social backgrounds as well.
	www.bangladeshinovels.com /Selina_Hossain.html (2273 words)

	Free For All (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was in continuation of this movement that the tragic event of 21st February of 1952 happened.
		In the 1954 general election held on the basis of separate electorate, the number of seats of the religious minorities from among 309 parliamentary seats was 72.
		Those people, who once sacrificed a lot for national unity, participated in every mass movement, gave up a considerable number of reserved seats and stood for national unity but are now being made victims of extreme discrimination.
	independent-bangladesh.com /news/dec/10/10122004fr.htm (5363 words)

	Tebhaga movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Over US$155,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August.
		Tebhaga Sketches and Wood Engravings by Somnath Hore
		Chapter on Tebhaga movement in Jyoti Basu's memoirs
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tebhaga_movement (191 words)

	Tebhaga: An Artist's Diary and Sketchbook
		In the winter of 1946, Somnath Hore, one of India's major painter-sculptors, was assigned by the Communist Party to document the tebhaga movement in North Bengal.
		This was a movement of tenant cultivators who, led by the Party, were demanding a radical revision of the crop-sharing system so as to reduce the landlord's share of the produce from half to one-third.
		Somnath Hore's personal diary and sketches of the tebhaga days are an unusual social document of a peasant movement seen through the eyes of a committed artist.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /book/details/IDE574 (220 words)

	Books india - women society, social science books, humanities, educational books, agricultural books, art and ...
		The Tebhaga Peasant Movement in the Barak Valley witnessed police firing and state repression.
		Nevertheless the movement successfully defined contours of the politics in the region.
		Contrary to the existing myth that Tebhaga Movement happened in Bengal, the present work makes an in-depth analysis of similar development in North-East India on the basis of Communist Literature of Assam, Police Records, Contemporary Newspapers and oral witnesses from the surviving participants.
	www.regency-books.com /browse/details.asp?id=83 (173 words)

	Encyclopedia: Tebhaga movement
		Tebhaga Sketches and Wood Engravings by Somnath Hore (http://www.indowindow.com/delhimagazine/sanam/shore/contents.htm)
		Chapter on Tebhaga movement in Jyoti Basu's memoirs (http://www.ganashakti.com/jb/part8.htm)
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tebhaga-movement (198 words)

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