Technology of the Song Dynasty

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Topic: Technology of the Song Dynasty

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	Song (Sung) Dynasty
		Impact of China on the History of Technology (see "Compass" in article)
		Impact of China on the History of Technology (see "Gunpowder" in article)
		(960- 1279 A. Overview of the Dynasty
	www.bcps.org /offices/lis/models/chinahist/song.html (32 words)

	Chinese History - Song Dynasty å® (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The Song period is marked by a revival of old Confucian traditions after the Tang age of Buddhism, and the prevailing position of civil scholars over the military age of Tang and Five Dynasties.
		The Song time is often called a "Chinese Renaissance" because - similar to the European renaissance - progress in technology and inventions, the upcoming of new philosophical interpretations of the old texts meant a renewal of the old and the creation of new streamings.
		The Song Dynasty did not rule over whole China- the north was occupied by the empires of Liaoé¼, Western Xiaè¥¿å¤ and Jiné‘, all empires founded by Non-Chinese peoples (Khitans, Tanguts and Jurchens).
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Song/song.html (295 words)

	Song Dynasty
		The Song Dynasty - comprised of the Northern Song (960- 1127 A.D.) and the Southern Song (1127- 1279 A.D.) - heralded the advancement of scientific and geographic technology and knowledge.
		The patronage of the various Song emperors was not always in evidence as some believed whilst others did not in the practice of feng shui.
		The emphasis on this time was on the external surroundings of a settlement, the internal arrangement was seen of secondary importance.
	www.fengshui-astrology.com /SongDynasty.html (409 words)

	History of Chinese calligraphy : Song dynasty
		Even during Song dynasty, the Chinese armies often were defeated by the minority armies in north of today's China.
		Mi Fu is the best calligrapher in Song dynasty but unfortunately, he didn't reach the level of calligraphers in Tang dynasty.
		Song dynasty is a dynasty with flourishing culture.
	www.wavedancing.net /history/song.htm (358 words)

	Assessing the Song dynasty - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		Song dynasty, although militarily is weak, was strong in chinese literature, philosophy and technology development.
		Shadowfax, there are two issues here: firstly, the "barbarians" were generally better because they were trained from their youth to be fighters, whereas the brightest Han Chinese during the Song dynasty were trained from their youth to be scholars and only the second-rate were expected to go into the military.
		Song Taizu(Zhao Kuangyin) sweared that ministers,officers and those who expostulates with emperor should not be killed, and if any of emperor did,he will be condemned by God.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=518&st=30 (1721 words)

	Chinese History - Song Dynasty (www.chinaknowledge.org)
		The Song period is marked by a revival of old Confucian traditions after the Tang age of Buddhism, and the prevailing position of civil scholars over the military age of Tang and Five Dynasties.
		The Song time is often called a "Chinese Renaissance" because - similar to the European renaissance - progress in technology and inventions, the upcoming of new philosophical interpretations of the old texts meant a renewal of the old and the creation of new streamings.
		But Song culture was also a culmination of the heritage of two thousand years of culture, and from this point of crystallization on, Chinese thinking became orthodox, culture became sterile as if it had been unchanged since thousands of years.
	www.chinaknowledge.org /History/Song/song.html (248 words)

	China History - Song Dynasty
		The most important development during the Song was that agricultural technology, aided by the importation of a fast-growing Vietnamese strain of rice and the invention of the printing press, developed to the point where the food-supply system was so efficient that, for the most part, there was no need to develop it further.
		Fifty years after the official end of the Tang, an imperial army re-unified China and established the Song dynasty.
		The northern half of China was conquered by barbarians, forcing the dynasty to abandon a northern capital in the early 1100's.
	bluenaturenetwork.com /Chinese/Song.htm (332 words)

	Song Dynasty China Technology - The best song products, sites and information on the web today!
		Northern Song (960- 1125) Southern Song (1127- 1279) The Song (pronounced Soong) dynasty ranks up there with the Tang and the Han as one of the great dynasties.
		The Song Dynasty (Chinese:å®æ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279.
		China under the Northern Song Dynasty (map) -- [Brooklyn College Core 9 Chinese Culture]...
	song.bigfatdirectory.net /index.php?k=song-dynasty-china-technology (1080 words)

	NOVA Online Secrets of Lost Empires China Bridge China's Age of Invention
		But in the Song Dynasty, the government promoted the publication of the Confucian texts called "The Canons." These texts had to be studied by examination candidates.
		I have found the earliest illustration of a cannon in the world, which dates from the change-over from the Northern Song to the Southern Song around 1127, which was 150 years before the development of the cannon in the West.
		Although there's a lot of debate about that, the idea of spaghetti probably comes from China at about the time of the Song, possibly carried across the ocean by Arab traders, who are known to have established themselves in ports such as Canton by the ninth century.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/lostempires/china/age.html (1080 words)

	Brooklyn College Core 9: Chinese Culture Page
		Image: Technology: Use of the Plow in China
		Image: Art: Statuette of Actor under Yuan Dynasty
		Art, library [Jing, shi, zhe, ji] novels [Dream of the Red Chamber]
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~phalsall (1080 words)

	Chinese History - Song Dynasty (www.chinaknowledge.org)
		The Song period is marked by a revival of old Confucian traditions after the Tang age of Buddhism, and the prevailing position of civil scholars over the military age of Tang and Five Dynasties.
		The Song time is often called a "Chinese Renaissance" because - similar to the European renaissance - progress in technology and inventions, the upcoming of new philosophical interpretations of the old texts meant a renewal of the old and the creation of new streamings.
		But Song culture was also a culmination of the heritage of two thousand years of culture, and from this point of crystallization on, Chinese thinking became orthodox, culture became sterile as if it had been unchanged since thousands of years.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Song/song.html (248 words)

	History of China
		In 221 B.C., China's first centralized autocracy, the Qin Dynasty, was establised by Qin Shihuang, thereby ushering Chinese history into feudalism, which endured in a succession of dynasties, such as the Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing, until the Opium War of 1840.
		The Bourgeois Democratic Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yet-sen toppled the ruling of the Qing Dynasty, put an end of more than 2,000 years of feudal monarchical system and culminated in the establishment of the provisional government of teh Republic of China.
		In the 21st century B.C., China entered slave society with the founding of the Xia Dynasty, thereby writing a finale to long years of primitive society.
	www.msu.edu /~xiongli/China/history.html (886 words)

	Bibliography of Daoism (Taoism)
		Lun Songdai shenci zongjiao ½× §º ¥N ¯« ¯¨ ©v ±Ð The Divine Temple Religion of the Song Dynasty.
		Painters of the Great Ming: The Imperial Court and the Zhe School.
		Song Ceramics: Art History, Archaeology and Technology, Colloquies on Art & Archaeolgy in Asia No. 22.
	www.daoiststudies.org /bibliography.php (886 words)

	Southern Song dynasty - History of China
		But the Chinese did have science and technology: mathematics; astronomy and the instruments that aided it; hydraulics, including hydraulic clocks that would be accurate for two to three months; medicine and the taking of the pulse; then anatomy and the carving up of dead people; describing diseases; using drugs; metallurgy; and drilling wells with bamboo.
		The foot was transformed into a sexual object, a private part of the body to be viewed only by the woman herself, her mother, and her husband.
		Fighting with the Jin dynasty, which the Jurchens had established as they took over north China, continued until 1141.
	www.melanconent.com /lib/knowl/history/china/song/south.html (1426 words)

	NOVA Online Secrets of Lost Empires China Bridge China's Age of Invention
		Yates: Although scholars often consider the Song Dynasty to have been very weak, its use of gunpowder was the reason it was able to hold off the Mongols for many decades.
		I have found the earliest illustration of a cannon in the world, which dates from the change-over from the Northern Song to the Southern Song around 1127, which was 150 years before the development of the cannon in the West.
		The Song also used gunpowder to make fire lances - actually flame throwers - and many other gunpowder weapons, such as anti-personnel mines, which are thankfully now being taken out of general use.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/lostempires/china/age.html (1708 words)

	emperor_zhongzong_of_tang_china
		of Song China Emperor Zhezong Emperor Zhezong of Song China Emperor Zhi of Han China Emperor Zhongzong of Tang China Emperor's Children Emperor's Cup Emperor's Hammer (Star Wars gaming fan group) Â Â Emperor...
		688 (in Science andamp; Technology) Year 695 (in Science andamp; Technology) Princess Taiping 625 705 Emperor Zhongzong of Tang China Imperial consorts of Tang China Big Wild Goose Pagoda Elder Zhang Guo Emperor Gaozong of...
		of Tang China G Emperor Gaozu of Tang China T Emperor Taizong of Tang China W Empress Wu Z Emperor Zhongzong of Tang China Categories : Chinese emperors
	emperor_zhongzong_of_tang_china.networklive.org (1708 words)

	Paragon Book Gallery Browse Subjects China - Museum-Journals/Bulletins & Magazines
		The Porcelain in Imitation of Ru, Guan of Ge Glaze of the Song Dyansty in Qianlong Period, Qing Dynasty by Wang Jianhua
		The Preface to the Pigeon Classics of the Ming Dynasty and The Pigeon Manual of the Qing Court by Wang Shixiang
		The lacquering technology of the Ming and Qing furniture by Wang Shixiang
	www.paragonbook.com /html/browsesubj/browse.cfm?regionid=5&subjectid=36&group=1&letter=c&sortorder=title,author,date&print=yes&RequestTimeOut=3600 (1708 words)

	Current Cyberspot Column
		But music is what the Modzitzers are all about, and the Web masters here effectively use cyber technology to introduce their melodies to an audience far vaster than the founders of the dynasty could have imagined.
		Rabbi Israel Taub brought the dynasty to the town of Modzitz in 1891.
		The Modzitz dynasty, now based in Israel, began with Reb Yechezkel of Kuzmir, a Polish rabbi in the early 1800s.
	www.jewishtimes.com /scripts/edition.pl?SubSectionID=16&now=6/25/99&ID=14 (1708 words)

	Culture of China - China-related Topics CU-CZ - China-Related Topics
		In the Song dynasty, poetry was marked by a lyric poetry known as Ci (poetry)Ci which expressed feelings of desire, often in an adopted persona.
		Early forms of art in China were made from pottery, jade and by bronze casting in the Shang Dynasty.
		Chinese art has varied throughout its ancient history, marked by periods by the ruling dynasties of China and changing technology, as well influnced by great philosophers, teachers and religion.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Culture_of_China (3728 words)

	Chinese Art and Innovation
		Classic Chinese Paintings From Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasties to the 20-th Century
		Song Dynasty - Su Song's Clock ; See also gunpowder
		Chinese Culture: Images (includes both Arts and Technology)
	nths.newtrier.k12.il.us /library/teacher_assignments/chinaartinnovation.htm (3728 words)

	China History Forum, online chinese history forum > Ancient battles where technology was a key factor?
		After Xiangyang fell, the Mongols unleashed their new superweapon on the helpless Song taking city after city and leapfrogging to take Hangzhou thus ending the defiant Song dynasty.
		May 25 2005, 08:25 PM At the siege of Xiangyang, the Mongols threw everything they had at the defenders including new Persian counterweight trebuchets.
		The Jurchen had already been using fire-lances (they were an improved version called the 'flying fire-lance' that could project flames over a distance of ten paces) and 'thundercrash bombs' during the Mongol sieges of Hezhong and Kaifeng in 1231-1232, and it was said that these were the only two weapons the Mongols were afraid of.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t4236.html (3728 words)

	script style evolution
		The clerical script began to change into the standard script (kaishu) during the latter part of the Han dynasty, and in that form became dominant with the advent of printing technology in the late Tang (618907) and early Song (9601279) dynasties.
		Of the several script styles, Table 3-1 (partly based on Qiu 1988: 28) shows eight that are important for our discussion: clan-name bronze, oracle bone, Zhou bronze, small seal, clerical, standard, semi-cursive, and cursive.
		The popular form during the Shang dynasty was the oracle-bone script (jiaguwen), whose characters were incised with a knife on hard bones and shells.
	www.mmtaylor.net /Literacy_Book/DOCS/03.html (482 words)

	Shaanxi Provincial History Museum: Xian Tourist Attractions
		The exhibition is divided into seven parts of the stone age, the dynasties of the Zhou, the Qin, the Han, the Wei, the Jin, the South and North Dynasty, the Sui, the Tang, the Song, the Yuan, the Ming and the Qing.
		Situated one kilometre north-west of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Xian's southern suburb, the Shaanxi Provincial History Museum - a striking Tang-Dynasty style pavilion, houses a large collection of 113,000 historic and cultural artefacts unearthed in Shaanxi.
		A science and technology center has been built for the preservation of relics.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /attraction/shaanxi/xian/provincial_museum (473 words)

	Song (Sung) Dynasty
		(960- 1279 A. Overview of the Dynasty
		Impact of China on the History of Technology (see "Gunpowder" in article)
		Impact of China on the History of Technology (see "Compass" in article)
	www.bcps.org /offices/lis/models/chinahist/song.html (32 words)

	Printing during the Five Dynasty and the Song Dynasty
		An important revolution in printing technology during the Song Dynasty was the invention of mov-able type printing.
		Chronices of the Han Dynasty with Annotations (engraved and printed by Liu Yuan Qi in his own family school in Jianyang, Song Dynasty)
		The Meaning of Pharmaco-the Local government in the Song Dynasty)
	www.cgan.com /english/english/cpg/engcp13.htm (32 words)

	Asia Times - Part 1: The race toward barbarism
		Shen Gua (1031-94), renowned Bei Song Dynasty (Northern Song 960-1127) scientist cum historian on Chinese science and technology, referred to his frustration over his inability to date accurately an 11th-century excavation, upon finding on a crossbow mechanism the inscription "stock by Yu Shih and bow by Chang Rou", but with no accompanying dates.
		Most triggers and sights used in crossbows in China were manufactured by master craftsmen who signed their metal products with inscribed marks and dates.
		Even in 10th century BC, production of crossbows in China had already involved a sophisticated system of separation of manufacturing of parts and mass assembly of final products.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/China/EG09Ad01.html (32 words)

	Engine Rebuilt
		In the broadest sense of the term, internal combustion engines can be said to have been invented in China, with the invention of fireworks during the Song dynasty, with some sources putting this invention a thousand years earlier still.
		show something repeatedly) Engineering is the proper application of technology.
		In the context of propulsion systems, an air breathing engine is one that uses atmospheric air to oxidise the fuel carried, rather than carrying an oxidiser, as in a rocket.
	www.awonky.com /pages2/30/engine-rebuilt.html (1172 words)

	All Empires - The Song Dynasty
		Great leaps were also made in the field of technology The main weakness of the Sung was their military, and this and the usual mix of corrupt officials and weak emperors contributed to their downfall.
		In 960, General Zhao Kuangyin, serving in the army of the Later Zhou Dynasty, was elected emperor by his disgruntled soldiers.
		A member of the royal family fled south with the Sung court and founded a new dynasty at Nanjing, declaring himself Emperor Gao Zong.
	www.allempires.com /empires/song/song1.htm (1172 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 You and Yours - Triumph of Technology: Internal Combustion Engine
		The principle of the internal combustion engine was technically established by the advent of fireworks in the Chinese Song dynasty, but it was in 1826 that the American Samuel Morey received a patent for his reciprocating internal combustion engine.
		An internal combustion engine is any engine that burns fuel inside the engine - cars, motorbikes, and many types of generator all make use of the internal combustion engine.
		The combustion of fuel in a confined space produces gases that are then directly put to work by the engine.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/youandyours/technology_combustion_engine.shtml (157 words)

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Topic: Technology of the Song Dynasty

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