| | IRANIAN HISTORY: PARTHIANS: Dynasty of Arsacid Empire - (CAIS) © |
 | | The most important role during this period was played by the Parni, an Iranian tribe belonging to the Dahaewho, according to the ancient writers (Arrian, Anubasis 3.28.8,10; Quintus Curtius 8.1.8) lived in the territories between the Oxus and the Jaxartes at the time of Alexander of Macedon. |
 | | About the end of the fourth or at the latest by the middle of the third century B.C. the Parni had advanced as far as the frontiers of the Seleucid kingdom, whether in the vicinity of the Caspian Sea or on the river Tejen (Turkmenistan). |
 | | The movements of the Parni and Dahae beginning in the area between the Oxus and the Jaxartesand ending in the immediate vicinity of the Seleucid satrapy of Parthava, are difficult to reconstruct and therefore a matter of dispute among historians. |
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